高中英语高考冲刺语法专题11名词性从句（学生版）

高中英语高考冲刺语法专题11：名词性从句【问题查找】单句语法填空1.Whilemakingfriends,we’resupposedtofocusonwhatwehaveinmonandsetaside___________wedisagree.2.___________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.3.Itmakesnodifferences___________yousupportmyplanornot.4.___________oneofyoubreakstheexquisitewindowwillhavetopayforit.5.Icouldgetyouajobhereifthat’s___________youwant.6.Hissuggestionwas___________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.7.Hewasfiredfromthefactory.Thatwas___________hewastoolazy.8.Whenyougetthere,youcantake___________youlike.9.Ican’timagine___________excitedshewaswhenshereceivedyourletterandpresents.10.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis___________theyneedanEnglishtrainer.【要点精讲】名词性从句名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连接词及其在句中的功能。连接词意义功能that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分连接代词意义功能who(ever)(无论)谁主语、宾语、表语whose谁的定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个主语、宾语、定语连接副词意义功能when何时时间状语where哪里地点状语why为什么原因状语how如何/怎么方式状语目标一：宾语从句1.定义：在复合句中，由一个句子作宾语，这个句子就叫作宾语从句。2.宾语从句的引导词类别例词说明从属连词that，if，whether只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无实际意义；whether/if表示“是否”连接代词who，whose，what，which等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(who除外)等成分连接副词when，why，where，how等在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分3.用法(1)that引导的宾语从句。①及物动词后的连接词that可省略。②that除了在介词in,except,but,besides后构成固定用法外，不可在其他介词后引导宾语从句。③如果宾语后有补足语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补足语的后面去。④当一个动词后有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，第二个以及其他的that不可以省略。【注】有些像appreciate,like,dislike,love,hate等表示“喜欢，爱，恨”等心理方面的动词，其后加上it作形式宾语，再接if/wh从句作真正的宾语。(2)whether与if引导宾语从句。whether与if引导的宾语从句，有“是否”的含义，常用在ask,wonder等动词之后，二者可以互换。【注】只能用whether，不能用if的情况：◆在介词后面；◆在动词不定式前；◆当后面直接跟ornot时。(3)宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。(4)时态一致性。①若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。②若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态通常也用过去时态。目标二：表语从句1.定义：在复合句中，由一个句子作表语，这个句子就叫作表语从句。2.表语从句常用以下引导词：类别例词说明从属连词that，whether两者在从句中都不作成分，that无实义；whether意为“是否”，通常不能用if替换连接代词who，whose，what，which等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(who除外)等成分连接副词when，why，where，how等在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分其他because主句主语一般不用reasonasif/though表语从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气3.用法(1)可以接在be,look,remain,seem等连系动词后面。(2)表语从句用陈述语序。(3)Thisisbecause...意为“这是因为……”，指原因或理由；Thisiswhy...意为“这就是为什么……；因此……”，指由于各种原因所造成的后果。注意：(1)that在表语从句中通常不可省略；(2)引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if。目标三：主语从句1.定义：在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句。2.主语从句的引导词类别例词说明从属连词that，whether两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。连接代词who，what，which，whoever，whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词when，where，how，why等在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分。3.用法(1)如果表示一般情况，主句的谓语动词通常用第三人称单数，且主语从句本身的时态不受主句时态的影响。(2)为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正主语放在句末。一般常用句型为：①Itis+n.+that从句。②Itis+adj.+that从句。③Itis+过去分词+that从句。④Itturnedoutthat...⑤Ithitsb./occurredtosb.that...4.注意(1)从句的意思完整时用that引导，that在从句中没有意义且不能省略。(2)引导置于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。(3)what,whatever,whoever引导主语从句时，既可在从句中作主语也可作宾语，what还可在从句作表语。目标四：同位语从句1.定义：在复合句中充当同位语的句子。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词（fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等）进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。2.同位语从句的引导词类别例词说明从属连词that，whether二者均在从句中不作成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”。连接代词who，what等有实义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词when，where，how等有实义，在从句中作时间、地点、方式状语等成分。3.用法(1)that引导的同位语从句：①that引导同位语从句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。②that在从句中不充当句子成分，没有具体的意思，只起连接作用，但不能省略。(2)whether引导同位语从句时不能与if互换。(3)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开。(4)名词suggestion，order，demand，mand，request，desire，proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”，should可省略。(5)同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别that引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。that引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等)，作宾语时可以省略。【查漏补缺】单句语法填空1.______wewillspendoursummerholidayisstilluncertainnow,butIpersonallyhopetogotoaseasidecity.2.______youdidn'tfinishyourhomeworkontimemustbeexplainedtome.3.______makesNewZealand'suniversitiesstandoutistheirabilitiestoprovidehighendeducation.4.Afterbeingdesignated(命名)asthefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChina,______wasonceafishingvillagehasrapidlybeeamoderncity.5.______sheesornotmakesnodifference.6.______impressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfillhisdreams.7.______Ifinisheddoingthehomeworkinsuchashorttimesurprisedthemall.8.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,_______seemsimpossibletodaymaybeepossibleoneday.9.Itisreported_______TyphoonLekima(利奇马)hasleft47deadand21missinginthreeChineseprovinces.10.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.11.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom______itusedtobeafewyearsago.12.Nowadayscollegegraduatesfacesomuchjobpetitionthattheyseldomcare_____theydoaslongastheycanearnaliving.13.Ibelievethatwherethereisawillthereisaway,and______successbelongstothosewhomakeconstantefforts.14.Thereasonwhyhehasbeensucceedingis______henevergivesup.15.Beingagoodlistenerisakindofquality,whichis______ittakestokeepfriendship.16.Facedwithchallenges,youshouldbelieveyourcourageis____makesadifference.17.Thisis_____myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.18.Thereissomedoubt_____thereisnecessityforchildrentolearnforeignlanguages.19.Itisstillunderdiscussion_____theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.20.Thereisnodoubt_____goodworkdeservesgoodpay.【梳理优化】一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、思维导图：【强化巩固】语法填空（名词性从句专练）Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates’questionis1.________Ibegantolovereading.Actually,Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas2.________Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread.3.________Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact4.________myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It’snotreallysurprising5.________literaturebecamemyvocation.RecentlyIhavebeenreadingalotofmulticulturalwomen’slegends.JaneGoodallwenttoAfricaandstudiedchimpsinsteadofgoingtouniversity.6.________therearesomeconnectionsbetweenchimpsandhumanbeingspuzzlesmealot.ThankstoJaneGoodall,herresearchshowedmetheanswer.Sheargued7.________wildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainment.Afterfinishingherstory,Istillhavesomedoubts8.________shecouldachievegreatsuccessonherownintheforest.LinQiaozhi,adoctor,becameaspecialistinwomen’sillnesses.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.9.________madehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.10.________shedidn’tchoosetohaveafamilyofherowniscleartomenow.【课后练习】一、单句语法填空1.____________isknowntousallisthatthe2024OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinParis.2.____________wewillhaveapicnicdependsontheweather.3.Althoughrepetitionhelpsmemory,psychologistsdoubt____________ithelpslongtermmemory.4.Thereisnobetterwaytoknowyourselfandtosee____________youarecapableof.5.Weareamazedby____________theboyhasdonetothepicture.6.____________hewantstotellusisnotclear.7.—Children’sbehaviourismosteasilyinfluencedbyhisparents.—True.That’s____________weshouldsetagoodexampletoourkids.8.Whendiningalone,wecanconsumewhateverwewouldlike,withtheaddedbonus____________wemightbeabletoeatmorehealthily.9.FormuchofChinesehistory,____________wasconsideredasmoneyweresmallcoinswithholesinthemiddle.10.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityin____________theyweredoing.11.I’mnotsure____________ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)...I’mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.12.Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicis____________wewalkupright.13.Youcanaskforhelp____________hasrichexperienceinsolvingthiskindofproblem.14.Itbecamepopularforitseaseofuse,andeventuallyprogressedinto____________wenowconsidertobethestandardscript.15.It’sjawdropping____________muchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.二、语法填空I'maninternationalstudentfromBangladesh,workingonaPhDprograminShanxiUniversity.I'vebeeninTaiyuan,theprovincialcapitalofShanxi,fortwoyearssinceI___1___(admit)totheuniversity.Overthetwoyears,Ifoundmyself___2___(fall)inlovewithTaiyuanasIgotmorefamiliarwiththecityandthelifehere.Taiyuanhasahistoryofmorethan2,500years.TheancientstructureslikeJinciarethematerialevidencetoshowyou___3___ancientChinalookedlike.MyexperienceinTaiyuanisanopportunitytohelp___4___(broad)myviewandlifehereisfullofsurprises.Thepleasantchangesaremadepossible___5___thehelpofmyteachersandschoolmates.MyteachersatShanxiUniversityareexcellent.They___6___(high)valuecriticalthinkingandencourageustoconductresearchesin___7___innovativemanner.Afterawhileattheuniversity,Ididn'tfeelmuchpressureinmystudy.Ihadmuchtimetovisit___8___(vary)partsofthecityandIfounditconvenient___9___(hire)bicycleshere.IlikedtocycleandvisitplacesIencounteredrandomly.Thecycling___10___(tour)helpeddeepenmyunderstandingofthecity.三、阅读理解Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheseriousnessofbigtreelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.2.Whichofthefollowingiswellintentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment. D.Firecontrolmeasures.3.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMclntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia四、七选五Decisionmakingcanbeextremelydifficult.____1____

Inanyapproachtoaproblemandinanynegotiation,theWesternworldturnstothe“Itoyou”approachwhileJapan,the“youtoyou”approach.Theformermeansbothsidespresenttheirargumentsopenlyfromtheirownpointofview.Naturally,itoftenesaconfrontation(冲突)situation,whichWesternersareveryskillfulatdealingwith.____2____Thus,thedirectionofthemeetingisamutual(相互的)attempttoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.

Besides,Westerndecisionmakinggoesmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendoesnotconsultmiddlemanagementorthew