2024年中考英语复习考点01-名词知识点总结习题

考点1名词【中考考查重点】名词词义辨析；名词的数；名词的主谓一致；名词所有格。一、名词的分类专有名词人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，theGreatWall长城，Asia亚洲书名、电影名、各种标语SpiderMan《蜘蛛侠》机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织，BeijingUniversity北京大学月份、星期、节日Monday星期一，Nationalday国庆节普通名词可数名词个体名词：girl，apple，city，nurse集体名词：people（人们），family（家庭）不可数名词物质类：water，oil，paper不可数名词做主语时谓语动词用单数抽象类：happiness，health【知识拓展】集体名词的分类：本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，pany公司，family家庭，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）family做个体名词时表示家庭成员、家人；做集体名词时表示家庭。e.g.►twofamilies两个家庭►Ourfamilyareveryfriendly.我们的家人都很友好►Thefamilyisthebasicunitofsociety.家庭是构成社会的基本单位。►Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。二、可数名词1、可数名词变复数的规则变化①一般情况下直接+s：egg→eggs，banana→bananas②以e结尾+s：eye→eyes③以s，sh，ch，x结尾+es：watch→watches，box→boxes④以辅音字母加y结尾，去y+ies：family→families⑤以f或fe结尾，去f或fe+ves：self→selves，wolf→wolves，leaf→leaves⑥以o结尾的：有生命+es：hore→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes，negro→negroes无生命+s：photo→photos，【知识拓展】①Kangaroo→Kangaroos（袋鼠+s）②以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加s，e.g.stomach→stomachs2、不规则变化①变元音：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet②不规则：child→children，mouse→mice，goose→geese③只有复数形式：trousers、scissors、pants、glasses、shoes【知识拓展】①以下单词为单复数同形：fish，sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese（fish表示的种类可数，e.g.fivefishes五种鱼）（关于“某国人”的单复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s后面添e.g.Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen，American→Americans，Australian→Australians，Canadian→Canadians）②有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。e.g.Maths数学，Physics物理，politics政治，news新闻，theUnitedNations联合国③还有一些单词做可数名词和不可数名词时意思不同，e.g.work做可数名词意为“作品”，做不可数名词意为“工作”experience做可数名词意为“经历”，做不可数名词意为“经验”3、复合名词变复数①有man、woman修饰时：一个男老师amanteacher→两个男老师twomenteachers一个女医生awomandoctor→两个女医生twowomendoctors②其余的把最后一个名词变复数：一个信箱amailbox→两个信箱twomailboxes一棵梨树apeartree→两颗梨树twopeartrees三、不可数名词1、不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单三。2、用量词修饰不可数名词e.g.一瓶水abottleofwater→两瓶水twobottlesofwater（此时谓语动词用复数）一张纸apieceofpaper→五张纸fivepiecesofpaper3、不可数名词的其他用法（1）常见的不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示：cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风（2）可转化为可数名词的物资名称①有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词：rain雨→arain一场雨，wind风→awind一阵风，beer啤酒→abeer一杯啤酒，paper纸→apaper一份论文②有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义：Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关（3）可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。disappointment失望→adisappointment令人失望的事，experience经验→anexperience一次经历，success成功→asuccess成功的人或事（4）可转化为可数名词的专有名词有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。e.g.►AMr.Blackiswaitingforyou.一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。【易错警示】某些不可数名词，有形容词修饰时，之前常加不定冠词。adeeplove深深的爱，agoodeducation良好的教育，agoodtime一段美好时光，aheavyfog一场浓雾，alongsilence长时间沉寂，arichdinner一顿丰盛的晚餐四、名词所有格1、有生命的名词所有格①一般情况下直接+’s：我爸爸的书myfather’sbook②以s结尾的复数名词+’：他们爸爸的工作theirfathers’job，教师节Teachers’Day③不以s结尾的复数名词+’s：儿童节Children’sDay④几人共有的东西在最后一个名词后+’s：莉莉和艾米(共同)的房间LilyandAmy’sroom⑤几人分别有的东西每个名词后+’s：莉莉和艾米(不同)的房间Lily’sandAmy’sroom⑥所有格表示某人的家：我叔叔家myuncle’s2、无生命的名词所有格用ofe.g.中国的历史thehistoryofChina，attheendofthisterm但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加’s或’。e.g.fiveminutes’walk五分钟的路程3、双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），物主代词（my，your...），指示代词（this，that...时，常用＂of+’s所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。e.g.mydad’sfriend=afriendofmydad’s我爸爸的朋友aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一张照片thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同学的这本书五、名词的句法功能序号功能例句1作主语Newspapersareuseful.报纸有用。2作宾语Haveyoureceivedmyletter?你收到我的信了吗？（作动词的宾语）Thebooksareonthedesk.书在桌子上。（作介词的宾语）3作表语Timeismoney.时间就是金钱。4作补足语Wemadehimmanagerofthepany.我们选他当公司的经理。5作同位语Youstudentsgofirst.你们学生先走。6作状语We’llmeetnextSunday.我们下周日见。7作定语IamanEnglishteacher.我是一位英语老师。【知识扩展】名词作定语一般用其单数形式。e.g.apaperbag纸袋，ashoeshop鞋店，afootballfan球迷有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。e.g.aclothesshop服装店，aglassesstore眼镜店，agoodstrain货运列车数词加名词构成的形容词（中间有连字符）作定语时，名词常使用单数形式。e.g.afiveyearoldboy一个三岁的男孩，a500metrelongrope一条五百米的绳子所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别：名词所有格作定语时，表示的是所有关系，即归谁所有。e.g.Tom’sbooks汤姆的书（汤姆和书之间是所属关系，即书是汤姆的）。而名词直接作定语时，与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系，如：shoeshop鞋店▶▶▶名词练习题◀◀◀考点一可数名词单项填空The__________ismyfavouritefruit.A.biscuitB.sausageC.strawberryD.chocolatePutonthe___，oryoucan'tseethe3Dfilmclearly.A.glassesB.glovesC.hatD.sweater—InChina，weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!lwanttoknowalltheChinese__________.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problemsYourleglooksreallybad!Ithinkyoushouldsendfora________aboutthat.A.pilotB.doctorC.singerD.postmanHi，Momisamovingfilm.Ithasbeenonforseveralmonthsinthe________.A.museumB.bankC.libraryD.cinemaHisfatherisagreat__________inLeishenshanHospitalinWuhan.Heissobusythathehasn'thadagoodrestforseveralmonths.A.actorB.singerC.violinistD.doctorOne__________ofthebookismissing，soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.A.copyB.pageC.writerD.readerMypeople，Mycountryisafamousmovie，andIhaveseenittwiceintheA.bankB.cinemaC.supermarketD.library考点二不可数名词单项填空Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought__________topeopleallovertheworld.A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.dangerZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpgetan__________inLijiang，Yunnan.A.educationB.invitationC.informationD.imaginationMariaisfullof__________becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday.A.energyB.talentC.humourD.wealthWouldyousendmesome__________ofyours?ImissyouverymuchA.magazineB.photosC.moneyD.adviceKateissoshythatshedoesn'thave__________tosinginpublic.A.powerB.courageC.energyD.timeIfthetemperatureisbelowo℃，waterwillturninto________theopenair.A.iceB.steamC.fogD.rainCanyoutellmethe__________ofthesweater?Yes，it's￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shapeWhydoChinesepeoplelikered?Becausethecolourredisthe__________ofgoodluckinChina.A.reasonB.hopeC.dreamD.symbol考点三名词所有格单项填空Excuseme，isthemuseumfarfromhere?—No，it'sabout__________.A.5minuteswalkB.5minutewalkC.5minutes'walkD.5minute'swalkTherearemany__________teachersinthisprimaryschool.A.womanB.woman'sC.womenD.women'sThewomaninahatis__________aunt.A.JackandJohnB.Jack'sandJohnC.Jack'sandJohn'sD.JackandJohn'sWhatwouldyouliketodrink，girls?__________,please.A.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwocupsofteaD.TwocupsofteasTodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher'sTheyarethose__________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'—Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?__________A.Infiveday'stime.B.Infivedays'time.C.Infivedaystime.D.Forfivedays.Youneedn'twaitforTomanylonger.Hemustbehavingsupperat__________.A.theSmith'sB.theSmiths'C.theSmithsD.Smiths考点四名词的主谓一致单项填空Thetwins__________fondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.A.beB.amC.isD.areThere__________twodictionariesonthebookcase.Youcanuseeitherofthem.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereAlotofforeigners__________familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina.A.amB.isC.areD.beNeitherTomnorI__________interestedinplayingWeChat.A.amB.isC.areD.beWhyareyouwalkingsoquickly，Edward?There__________atalentshowintenminutes.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobeThenumberofthestudentsinourclass__________50.Andanumberofthem__________English.A.is;likeB.are;likeC.is;likesD.are;likesJohnaswellashisclassmates________doingtheirhomeworkfrom6to7yesterdayevening.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThepopulationofthecity_______verylarge，andonethirdofthepopulation_______farmers.A.are;areB.is;areC.are;isD.is;is综合练习一、单项填空Putitdown，Jim.Youmustn'tread__________letter.A.elseanyone'sB.anyoneelse'sC.anyone'selseD.anyoneelseInNorthAmerica，youcannotstandtooclosetopeople.Givethemmorepersonal__________.A.funB.spaceC.timeD.informationIfyouhave__________inlearningsomething，you'llbeabletolearnitwell.A.interestB.habitC.hobbyD.resultwecanseethe__________ontheirfaceswhentheytalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepastfewyears.A.prideB.regretC.abilityD.attentionAfteryearsofwar，thepeopleinSyriaarethirstyfor__________.A.priceB.noiseC.peaceD.courseThe__________betweenDalianandBeijingonlytakesaboutanhour.A.flightB.planeC.transportD.distanceCouldyougivemesome__________onhowtospendtheingholiday?A.knowledgeB.hobbiesC.suggestionsD.informationSallyhasmadebig__________inChinese.ShecanevenunderstandBeijingOperaverywell.A.memoriesB.vocabularyC.decisionsD.progress二、用所给词适当形式填空AChinesef