已翻译-婴儿床智能监

婴儿床智能监控系统Cribintelligentmonitoringsystem现状分析

StatusAnalysis随着社会经济的发展，人们的生活也都逐渐提高，许多拥有婴幼儿的家庭都希望孩子有个良好的成长环境，但是年青的父母需要同时兼顾宝宝和家庭生活感到非常疲惫,他们需要一个不仅舒适而且具有人工智能的婴儿床。智能婴儿监控系统可以提供给宝宝舒适摇晃,又可以通过音乐开发智力,最重要的是可以实现婴儿的尿床检测，蹬被提醒，室内温度自动控制。使得妈妈们也可腾出手来处理家务或者休息。大大的减轻了婴幼儿父母的劳动负担，促进了婴儿的深度睡眠，提高了大人和小孩的睡眠质量，为婴儿的健康成长提供保证。Withthedevelopmentofsocio-economic,people'slivesarealsoimprovedgradually,manyfamilieswithinfantshopetohaveagoodgrowthenvironmentfortheirkids,butyoungparentswouldfeelverytiredofcaringfamilylifeandthebabyatthesametime,hence,theyneedacomfortablebedwhichisequippedwithartificialintelligentcrib.Intelligentcribmonitoringsystemnotonlycanprovidecomfortshakestothebaby,butalsocanhelpdevelopintelligencethroughmusic,whilethemostimportantthingisthatitrealizesthebaby'sbed-wettingtest,warningofkickingtheblankets、automaticallycontrollingtheindoortemperature.ThenMomscanhaveafreehandtodealwithhouseholdchoresorrest.Thisgreatlyreducesthelaborburdenonparentsofinfants,promotesbabesintodeepsleep,improvesthesleepingqualityofbothchildrenandadults,andprovidesaguaranteeforthehealthygrowthofthebaby.项目意义Projectsignificance很多父母认为，宝宝还小，总要和家人睡在一起，这样才方便照顾，随时知道他的需求，其实，与家人同床会影响宝宝的生长发育，而智能婴儿摇篮可以帮助父母随时知晓宝宝在独睡过程中是否有状况发生。Manyparentsbelievethatthebabyisstillinfantile,andthefamilyalwaysslepttogether,soastotakecareofthebaby,awaringofhisneedsatanytime.Infact,sleepinginonebedwiththefamilywillaffectthebaby'sgrowthanddevelopment,andsmartcradlecanhelpparentsknowofthebabyatanytimeduringsleeping,whetherunexpectedconditionsoccur.首先，容易缺氧，大人呼出的气体中二氧化碳含量较高，而宝宝的大脑发育正需要更多的氧气，和宝宝同床睡眠时，很容易造成宝宝大脑供氧不足，进而影响身体的正常发育。其次，有窒息危险，同床睡眠过程中，大人会因为身体翻动而压到宝宝，很容易导致窒息的危险。另外，睡眠不良，两人甚至三人同床，很容易互相影响，比如打鼾、睡觉“不老实”，特别是对神经系统尚在发育的宝宝来说，会导致睡眠不稳、半夜惊醒的状况，不利于身心的健康发育。还有可能造成疾病传染，日常生活中，大人接触的事物环境较为复杂，即使注意清洁，身上也难免会携带很多细菌，宝宝的抵抗能力还很弱，很容易被细菌感染。Firstofall,itiseasytogethypoxia.Thelevelsofcarbondioxideinexhaledairofadultsarehigher,whilethebaby'sbraindevelopmentisinneedofmoreoxygen.Andwhensleepingwiththebabyinonebed,itislikelytocauselessoxygenofferedtohisbrain,therebyaffectingthenormaldevelopmentofthebody.Secondly,thereisdangerofsuffocation.Inonebedduringsleep,whileadultsfliptheymayincautiouslypinthetenderbodyofthebaby,itiseasytocauseachokinghazard.Inaddition,poorsleep,twooreventhreeinonebed,easilyinfluenceeachother,suchassnoring,"dishonestsleeping",especiallyonthenervoussystemofthebabywhichisstillindevelopment,willleadtosleepdisturbances,nightwakingcondition.Thesearenotconducivetothehealthdevelopmentofbodyandmindofthebaby.Thismaycausethespreadofdisease.Thingsthatadultsincontactwiththeenvironmentismorecomplexindailylife.Evenwhentheypayattentiontocleanliness,theywillinevitablycarryalotofbacteria,howeverthebaby'sresistancesystemisveryweak,hecouldeasilybeinfectedwithbacteria.尤其要在保证婴儿充足的睡眠同时也保证监护人有充足的睡眠，有些婴儿对自然环境不适应，昼夜颠倒，父母白天上班他睡觉，父母晚上休息他闹腾，让监护人很难有良好的休息。有些婴儿休息时间安排不当，有的晚上提前入睡，半夜睡醒，没人哄就哭闹，也影响了监护人的正常休息。Inparticular,itisnecessarytoensureadequatesleepforguardiansandtoensureadequatesleepforinfantsmeanwhile.Somebabiesdon'tadapttothenaturalenvironmentwell,astheirdaysandnightsarereversed.Hesleepsduringthedaywhenhisparentsareatworkoutside,andgetsnaughtywhenparentsrestatnights,hence,itisdifficultforguardianstohaveagoodrest.Somebabies'restarepoorlytimed,somesleepearlyatnight,wakingupatnight,noonecoaxcrying,thisalsoaffecttheguardian'snormalrest.多功能婴儿摇篮是一种能自动晃动、声控、MP3播放、尿床报警功能为一体的婴儿摇篮，在监护人忙于其他事情时，能有效替代监护人护理婴儿。Multifunctionalbabycradlehasmulti-functionsofautomaticshaking,voicecontrol,MP3playerandbedwettingalarm.Whentheguardianisbusywithotherthings,themultifunctionalbabycradlecanbeaneffectivealternativetonursinginfants.项目研究内容及实施方案Projectresearchandembodiments婴儿床智能监控系统主要由手持终端、智能监控节点及无线模块三部分构成。系统的实现以单片机作为智能监控的核心部件，配以各种传感器实现对各类信号的采集处理得到数据，并通过无线通信方式实现手持终端与智能监控本地节点间的通信。Intelligentcribmonitoringsystemismainlycomposedofthreeparts:hand-heldterminals,intelligentmonitoringnodesandwirelessmodule.Toachievethissystem,asingle-chipplaysasthecorecomponentoftheintelligentmonitoring,togetherwithavarietyofsensorstoachievethevarioustypesofsignalacquisitionandprocessingtogetthedata,andmonitorimplementationofthecommunicationbetweenthelocalnodeandsmarthandheldterminalsviawirelesscommunication.一、手持终端1•硬件包括单片机、LCD、人机交互模块构成。实时接收智能监控节点上传的监控实时数据；监护人可以通过显示器浏览最新的监测结果，当接收到智能监控节点反馈的异常状态时，以振动及声音提示监护人；可以向智能婴儿床发送指令室内温度，摇篮摆动，播放语音。每个手持终端可以连接多个智能监控节点；Hand-heldterminalHardwareincludesmicrocontroller,LCD,human-computerinteractionmodules.Receivereal-timedatauploadedfromreal-timeintelligentmonitoringnodes.Guardiancanbrowsethelatestmonitoringresultsthroughdisplay.Whenreceivinganabnormalstateofintelligentfrommonitoringnodesfeedback,theguardianisinformedofvibrationandvoice.Youcansendcommandstothesmartcribsuchasroomtemperature,cradleswingandplayingvoice.Eachhandheldterminalcanbeconnectedtomultipleintelligentmonitoringnodes;二、无线通信模块Thewirelesscommunicationmodule研制无线通信模块，实现手持终端与智能监控节点间的实时通信，拟采用475MHz的国际ISM频段，此频段具有波长较长，信号穿透能力强的特点，可以保证3000米远的通信距离。Wirelesscommunicationmoduleisdevelopedtorealizereal-timecommunicationsbetweenhandsetsandintelligentmonitoringnodes.Theinternational475MHzISMbandisproposedasthisbandhasalongerwavelength,signalpenetrationandstrongfeatures,youcanensurethecommunicationdistance3000meters.三、智能监控节点Intelligentmonitoringnode体重检测模块：由智能监控节点通过压力传感器测量婴儿重量，通过处理可以经过无线模块发送到手持终端；温度监控模块：采用温度传感器实时监测婴儿床所处环境温度，根据测量结果自动控制风扇或加热器来保证婴儿床的环境温度始终保持在设定的目标温度值；湿度监测模块：采用湿度传感器检测婴儿是否尿床的状态，当发现尿床后可以自动将信息发送至手持终端，提醒父母换尿布。啼哭识别模块，采用声音传感器及声音辩识电路来辩识婴儿的啼哭状态，并根据婴儿哭声的幅度、持续时间判别婴儿的状态，还是偶尔醒了一次，这时控制通过单片判别后，分别可以控制婴儿床摇篮，还是播放语音安抚刚醒的婴儿。6.蹬被监测模块：采用温度传感器监测蹬被情况，若婴儿被子脱落，将检测到的信号发送给手持终端。Weightdetectionmodule:babyweightmeasurementmonitoredbytheintelligentnodethroughapressuresensorcanbesenttothemoduleviawirelesshandheldterminalbyprocessing;Temperaturemonitoringmodule:usingreal-timemonitoringoftemperaturetosensorcotsintheambienttemperature.Accordingtothemeasurementresults,fanorheaterisautomaticallycontrolledtoensurethatcribambienttemperatureisalwaysmaintainedatthetargettemperaturesetting;HumidityMonitoringModule:Thehumiditysensordetectsbed-wettingstate,afterthediscoverytheinformationofbedwettingisautomaticallysenttohandsets,remindingparentstochangediapers.Cryingrecognitionmodule,usingsoundsensorsandvoiceidentificationcircuittoidentifybabies'cryingstate,anddeterminethestatusofthebabycryingaccordingtothemagnitude,duration,oroccasionallywokeuponce,thencontrolledbythemonolithicdiscrimination,respectively,cancontrolthecradlecriborplayvoicetocomforttheawakeningbaby.6.Quiltkickingmonitoringmodule:Thetemperaturesensorisusedtomonitorthecaseofkickingthequilt.Whenthebaby'squiltisoff,thedetectedsignalis

transmittedtotheportablehand-heldterminal.4•项目研究过程阐述ElaborationofProjectresearchprocess婴儿床智能监控节点中的七大模块的硬件设计和软件调试已基本完成，其中有些模块的技术参数指标已经达到既定的要求。手持终端和无线通信模块的部分功能已基本完成。接下来的工作主要是部分电路的进一步完善和系统的软硬联调。Thesevenmodulesofthehardwaredesignandsoftwaredebuggingoftheintelligentcribmonitoringnodehavebeencompleted.Someofthetechnicalparametersofthemoduleindicatorshavereachedtheestablishedrequirements.Somefeaturesofhandheldterminalsandwirelesscommunicationmodulehavebeenbasicallycompleted.Thenextworkismainlyfocusedonhardwareandsoftwaretofurtherimprovethetoneofthecircuitandsystems.具体情况说明如下:Specificcircumstancesaredescribedasbelow:CrHO|-属HEFAGNDnociu_iPFT-iTDI«BS™IFEIiTDO»TXDD：iPE2(AT-a'T37K^ECAT-■"THEPEH(KTYDClfi'JP=3Ijyrraps、*nCrHO|-属HEFAGNDnociu_iPFT-iTDI«BS™IFEIiTDO»TXDD：iPE2(AT-a'T37K^ECAT-■"THEPEH(KTYDClfi'JP=3Ijyrraps、*n卜pejiimiPW-(AJK7O>岀*PFlilADCfj-M>PEILAIK.JfPF3PF4(ADC-4■'TCKiiFESfADCAfTW环PiWlAlXT*3DC1：-PFTIMC/TDnrc34irr<M：i)FCZ5(TiDSISiI33.r*匚mrxcn□strnn■4fccn予!CL：U4RCL17CLR\UlLKJ1»mtcaniE1E12imER141316ELCAR-R-IEH.1J一1FL虽ET"201耳1=1TXTMJ:■uri：PTtllADliPAlUJ12AJ■■心tATG.P心l4Z^?PA4-|^D5?FASiAITPlPA^仇LEIPGt歸敢PT!4MWpmIA.I：IKkNML巧FT斗r^[3fFC5-iX#中貝r■右了-3WT31：：£]□口51RcmoiSORCWI丄口Rcw^-?4347-KRCTO?54-5W4035viirra:w环■vthttc-.£.■J7仃RFT.3TO"皿3*VTI1F厂.口*.CL54-1入-Eiver.3-4-2V：KWry.VI.J2433ICEYDTID>7RXE>!S3TKO1均JGJ-E22J3rr□14丁1LI辭K~FI~irK图1ATmega128最小系统原理图L298N是SGS公司的产品，内部包含4通道逻辑驱动电路。是一种二相和四相电机的专用驱动器，即内含二个H桥的高电压大电流双全桥式驱动器，接收标准TTL逻辑电平信号，可驱动46V、2A以下的电机。开关驱动方式是使半导体功率器件工作在开关状态，通过脉调制（PWM）来控制电动机的电压，从而实现电动机转速的控制。L298NistheproductoftheSGScompany.Itsinteriorincludes4-channellogicaldrivecircuit.Thededicateddriveoftwo-phaseandfour-phasemotorscontainshighvoltageandhighcurrentqueenoftwoH-bridgedriverbridge,receivingstandardTTLlogiclevelsignal,andcandrivemonitorsthatunder46V,2A.Mannerthatthedrivingswitchdeviceinthesemiconductorpowerswitchingstate,thepulsemodulation(PWM)istocontrolthemotorvoltage,inordertocontrolthespeedofthemonitor.■+5VCC图2L298N驱动原理图按工作麦克原理可分为炭精粒式、电磁式、电容式、驻极体电容式、压电晶体式、压电陶瓷式、二氧化硅式等；按尺寸大小分，驻极体式麦克风又可分为①9.7系列产品、①8系列产品、①6系列产品、①4.5系列产品、①4系列产品、①3系列产品，每个系列中又有不同的高度；从麦克风的方向性，可分为全向、单向、双向(又称为消噪式)；从极化方式可分为振膜式、背极式、前极式。Accordingtotheworkprincipleofmicrophones,theycanbedividedinto:graphitegrains,electromagnetic,capacitive,electretcondenser,piezoelectriccrystals,piezoelectricceramictype,silicatype,etc.Accordingtothesize,theelectretmicrophonecanbedividedinto①9.7products,①8products,①6products,①4.5products,①4products,①3series,eachserieshasdifferentheights.Accordingtothemicrophonedirection,theycanbedividedintoomnidirectional,unidirectional,bidirectional(alsoknownasnoisecancelingtype).Accordingtothepolarizationtheycanbedividedintodiaphragmtype,back-frontpole.驻极体麦克风的结构包括防尘网、外壳、振膜、垫片、背极板、铜环、腔体、PCB组件和引脚。其中防尘网有保护咪头，防止灰尘落到振膜上，防止外部物体刺破振膜，还有短时间的防水作用；外壳是整个咪头的支撑件，其它件封装在外壳之中，是传声器的接地点，还可以起到电磁屏蔽的作用；振膜是一个声-电转换的主要零件，是一个绷紧的特氟龙塑料薄膜粘在一个金属薄圆环上，薄膜与金属环接触的一面镀有一层很薄的金属层，薄膜可以充有电荷，也是组成一个可变电容的一个电极板，而且是可以振动的极板；垫片支撑电容两极板之间的距离，留有间隙，为振膜振动提供一个空间，从而改变电容量；背极板是电容的另一个电极，并且连接到了FET(场效应管)的G(栅)极上；铜环连接极板与FET(场效应管)的G(栅)极，并且起到支撑作用；腔体是固定极板和极环，从而防止极板和极环对外壳短路(FET(场效应管)的S(源极)，G(栅)极短路)；PCB组件装有FET，电容等器件，同时也起到固定其它件的作用。Electretmicrophone'sstructureincludesdustnetwork,housing,diaphragm,gaskets,backplate,copperring,cavity,PCBmoduleandpin.Microphoneswhereintheairfilterprotectionagainstdustfallingonthediaphragm,thediaphragmpuncturedpreventingexternalobjects,andshorttimewaterproof.Thehousingisasupportofthewholemicrophone,theotherpackageinthehousingmemberisconnectedtothemicrophonelocation,electromagneticshieldingcanalsoplayarole;diaphragmisanacoustic-electricconversionofthemajorparts,aspecialtensionTeflonplasticfilmadheredtotheringofathinmetalfilmincontactwiththesideofthemetalringiscoatedwithathinmetalliclayer,thefilmwhichcanbefilledwiththechargeiscomposedofavariablecapacitorelectrodeplate,andthevibrationcanbeplates;supportfromthespacerbetweenthetwoplatescapacitor,agap,aspaceforthevibrationdiaphragm,therebychangingthecapacitance.TheotherelectrodeofthecapacitoristhebackplateandisconnectedtotheFET(fieldeffecttransistor)oftheG(gate)electrode;plateandthecopperringisconnectedFET(fieldeffecttransistor)oftheG(gate)electrode,andfunctionsasasupport;fixedcavityplateandtheringelectrode,andelectrodeplatestopreventshort-circuitingringsontheshell(S(source)FET(fieldeffecttransistor)of,G(gate)electrodeshorted);PCBassemblywithFET,capacitorsandotherdevices,butalsoplayaroleasfixationtootherparts.音频接收模块以麦克风作为传感器接受音频信号，将接收到的音频信号经过LM311比较器产生方波Microphoneaudioreceivermodulereceivesanaudiosignalasasensor,thereceivedaudiosignaliscomparedtocreateasquarewavethroughcomparatorLM311.图3音频检测电路原理图项目完成成果及结论Projectresultsandconclusions到目前为止，本创新实验项目得到的实验结果主要包括以下三部分：Sofar,theexperimentalresultsobtainedinthisinnovativepilotprojectincludesthefollowingthreeparts:智能监控节点Intelligentmonitoringnode可以实时监测婴儿床的环境温度，并自动控制床载风扇或加热器调控环境温度；Real-timemonitoringoftheambientcribtemperatureandbedsetautomaticallycontrolledambienttemperatureregulatedfanorheater.可以自动监测婴儿体温实现婴儿高烧报警；Automaticmonitoringofbodytemperaturesoastoachieveinfantbabyfeveralarm;实时监测婴儿床辅湿度，自动判别尿床状态；Real-timemonitoringofauxiliaryhumiditycrib,automaticidentificationofbedwettingstate;自动判别婴儿是否睡醒，并在自动模式下将节点信息上传至手持终端；Automaticallydeterminewhetherthebabywokeup,andintheautomaticmodethenodeinformationwillbeuploadedtothehandheldterminal.自动摇篮模块可以在睡醒时自动开启，同时支持手持终端自动控制。Automaticcradlemodulecanautomaticallyopenwhentheinfantisawake,whilesupportinghandheldterminalautomation无线模块WirelessModule475MHz频段，在复杂室内环境中通信直线距离不少于3000米。475MHzband,nolessthan3000mlineardistancecommunicationincomplexindoorenvironments手持终端•Handheldterminal提供人机交互接口：LCD显示、命令输入、参数设置ProvideHCIinterface:LCDdisplay,commandinput,parametersettings控制mp3播放音乐，摇篮自动摇摆，接收婴儿床智能监控节点发送的所有信息并处理。MP3musiccontrol,rockingcradleautomatically,receivingalltheinformationfromintelligentcrib'smonitoringnodeandprocess本设计以单片机ATmega128为核心控制器件，利用其丰富的内部资源和外围接口完成相关控制及通信，选择麦克和直流电机分别作为声音采集传感器和执行器。单片机运行时受外界干扰较小，整个系统工作稳定，可以用相对较低的成本实现高精度，难度高的控制方案，满足了控制系统稳定性和精确控制的要求。而且由于ATmega128单片机强大的集成开发环境，使修改控制方案成为轻而易举的事情。又结合传感器构成的闭环控制系统，可以确保宝宝摇篮的多样化控制和稳定工作。ATmega128microcontrollerisdesignedasthecorecontroldevices,theuseofinternalresourcesanditsrichperipheralinterfacecompletetherelevantcontrolandcommunications,selectMicroandDCmotors,respectively,asthesoundcollectionofsensorsandactuators.MCUrunningoutsideinterferenceissmall,thewholesystemisstable,youcanrealizeahighprecisionusingarelativelylowcost.Highdifficultycontrollingsolutionsmeetthecontrolsystemstabilityandprecisecontrol.AndbecauseoftheATmega128microcontroller'spowerfulintegrateddevelopmentenvironment,modifyingthecontrolschemeofthingsbecomeeasy.Andclosed-loopcontrolsystemcombiningsensorsconstitutedtoensurethediversificationofbabycradlecontrolandstability.本设计在电路方案和执行方式等方面，采用模块化设计，可以方便实现功能扩展，从而满足特殊应用领域中的系统功能和可靠性需求。Intermsofthecircuitmethodsandimplementationoftheprogramdesigning,weadoptmodulardesign,youcaneasilyexpandthefunctionstomeetspecificapplicationsinthefieldofsystemfunctionalityandreliabilityrequirements.电路中加入音乐播放电路，以提高婴儿娱乐性；增加测重、检测尿床等检测功能，以提高婴儿的舒适性；可以无线监控婴儿的情况；另外，在数据处理算法方面可进一步智能化，从而可在更大范围内得以应用。Musicplaybackaddedinthecircuitryhelpstoimproveinfantentertainment;weighing,testingandbedwettingandothertestingfeaturesaretoenhancecomfortbabies;Incasethebabycanbewirelesslymonitored;Also,intermsofdataprocessingalgorithmscanbefurtherintelligence,thuscanbeappliedinawiderrange.项目完成过程存在的问题及建议ProblemsduringProjectProcessandSuggestions首先，在项目初期选择各类传感器我们遇到了许多问题。对于蹬被检测，我们先尝试了红外热释电传感器，但是因为感应模块采用双元探头，探头的窗口为长方形，双元（A元B元）位于较长方向的两端，当人体从左到右或从右到左走过时,红外光谱到达双元的时间、距离有差值，差值越大，感应越灵敏，当人体从正面走向探头或从上到下或从下到上方向走过时，双元检测不到红外光谱距离的变化，无差值，因此感应不灵敏或不工作，此种情况，只要传感器感应区有人，传感器立即产生高电平，应用过程中无法实现自己设想的当被子挡住婴儿和蹬被两种状况无法区分。所以我们选择了温度传感器通过判断测量婴儿体温传感器和室内温度传感器之间的温度差值判断婴儿是否蹬被。First,earlyintheproject,toselectvarioustypesofsensorsweencounteredmanyproblems.Forquiltkickingdetection,wefirsttriedthepyroelectricinfraredsensors,asthesensormoduleusesadualprobe,theprobewindowisrectangular,dual(AB)locatedatbothendsofthelongdirection,whenthebodywalkslefttorighto