04阅读理解（词句猜测题）-2025年高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括

阅读理解词句猜测题[命题解读]词句猜测题旨在考查考生在阅读文章时通过各种方法或技巧猜测生词的含义、理解语块的意思以及明确代词指代含义的能力，是英语高考阅读理解中的必考题型，是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。[设题特点]1.这类题目往往要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。2.分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可以发现：(1)文本中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大，更加突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；(2)对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词，这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，我们都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。[选项特征]正确选项特征1.本意延伸。其真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展；2.逻辑通顺。在内容上，与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑；3.接近原意。会采取另一种用法或表达方式，而且与原句意思最接近。干扰选项特征1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；2.如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项；3.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。考法一单词或短语含义猜测题词义含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词和短语的能力，而这些词和短语往往都是超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，猜测词义能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解得分的高低。技法1“逻辑关系”猜词义阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或其大致义域。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有并列、转折和因果等。[技法点拨](1)当需要猜测的词语位于incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while等词语附近时，可以推测其意思与前后的单词或短语表示相反的意思。因此，可以通过这种转折关系，根据已知单词或短语的意思反推需要猜测的词语的意思。(2)当需要猜测的词语位于also,as...as,similarly,and,or,justas,likewise等词语附近时，可以推测其意思与前后的单词或短语表示相同或者相近的意思。因此，可以通过这种并列关系，根据已知单词或短语的意思推测出需要猜测的词语的意思。(3)英语中表示因果关系的词语有because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,resultfrom,so,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...等，当需要猜测的词语位于这些词或短语附近时，可以根据因果关系猜测其意思。典例1【江苏省常熟市20222023学年高三10月阶段性抽测（一）】Parents,teachersandcaregivershavelongsuspectedthemagicofstorytellingtocalmkids.Researchershavenowquantifiedthebiologicalandemotionalbenefitsofawelltoldtale.“Weknowthatnarrativehasthepowertotransportustoanotherworld,”saysGuilhermeBrockingtonfromBrazil’sFederalUniversity.“Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamoremonplacehospitalsetting.”SoinvestigatorsworkinginseveralBrazilianhospitalssplitatotalof81patientsaged4to11intotwogroups,matchingthemwithstorytellerswhohadadecadeofhospitalexperience.Inonegroup,thestorytellerledeachchildinplayingariddlegame.Intheother,youngsterschosebooksandlistenedasthestorytellerreadthemaloud.Beforeandafterthesesessions,theresearcherstookspitsamplesfromeachchild,thenaskedthemtoreporttheirpainlevelsandconductedafreeassociationwordquiz.Childreninbothgroupsbenefitedmeasurablyfromtheinteractions;theyshowedlowerlevelsofcortisol—thestressrelatedhormoneandhigherlevelsofoxytocin,whichisoftendescribedasafeelgoodhormone.Yetkidsinthestorytellinggroupbenefitedsignificantlymore:theircortisollevelswereaquarterofthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheiroxytocinlevelswerenearlytwiceashigh.Thosewhoheardstoriesalsoreportedpainlevelsdroppingalmosttwiceasmuchasthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheyusedmorepositivewordstodescribetheirhospitalstay.Thestudydemonstratesthatplayinggamesorsimplyinteractingwithsomeonecanrelaxkidsandimprovetheiroutlookbutthathearingstorieshasanespeciallydramaticeffect.Theresearchers“reallytriedtocontrolthesocialinteractionponentofthestoryteller,whichIthinkwasthekey,”saysRaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Next,theinvestigatorsplantostudyhowlongtheseeffectslast,alongwithstorytelling’spotentialbenefitstokidswithparticularillnessessuchascancer.FornowBrockingtonsaystheresultsindicatestorytellingisalowcostandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutesinavarietyofsettings.Maragrees.“It’sverypromisingandscalable,”hesays,“andpossiblygeneralizable.”33．Theunderlinedword“scalable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_________.A．accessible B．parable C．adjustable D．readable【答案】33．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员现在已经量化了一个讲得好的故事在生理和情感上的好处。33．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“theresultsindicatestorytellingisalowcostandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutesinavarietyofsettings(研究结果表明，讲故事是一种低成本且极其有效的方法，可以帮助改善各种环境下的健康状况)”可知，这种方法是可行的，可使用的，scalable和accessible(可使用的)意思相近，故选A。典例2【江苏省金陵中学、海安中学20222023学年高三10月联考】JohnDominiswasoneofthestaffphotographersofLIFEMagazine.HejoinedLIFEin1950andshotoneofthemostclassicpicturesofthe20thcentury;TommieSmithandJohnCarlosgivingtheblackpowersaluteattheOlympicsinMexico.Here,LIFElooksbackatoneofhislesserknownshoots—theAfricanantelope,whichwasacoverstorythatearnedhimMagazinePhotographeroftheyearin1966andlaterbecameabook.IntheEditor’sNotethatacpaniesthestory,Dominisdescribedhowhewasabletogetthedramaticphotowithoutatelephotolens.“Iwantedtogetlowangleshotsthatgaveadramaticsenseoftheirspeed.Ibuiltboxesandmountedcamerasinsideofthem.”Dominisexplained.“JohnandIworkedforthreeweekswiththem.We’dgoamileaheadofaherdandputdowntheboxesandhidthem.Thenwe’dhideaquarterofamileawayandwaitmaybeforseveralhours.MeanwhilethelightmightchangeandtherewasnowayIcouldchangetheexposureonthecameras.Iftheanimalreachedtheboxes,Ipushedthebuttonthatsetoffthecamerasbyaradiosignalandranoffawholerolloffilm.Imusthaveexposed40rolls,butendedupwithonlyonereallygoodphoto.”TheBriscoeCenterrecentlyacquiredJohnDominis’sworks.“ThesepicturesandcollectionshavesomethingtosayabouthowAmericansperceivetheoutsideworld,”saidBenWrightoftheBriscoeCenter.“Theyarenotonlybeautifulandinteresting;they’rehistoricalevidencethathelphistorianstounderstandthepastwithaccuracyandintegrity.”25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mounted”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Fixed. B．Added.C．Adjusted. D．Focused.【答案】25．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄影师JohnDominis是如何拍摄他的非洲羚羊照片的经过的，以及人们对他作品的评价。25．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Iwantedtogetlowangleshotsthatgaveadramaticsenseoftheirspeed.Ibuiltboxesand(我想拍低角度的照片，给人一种戏剧性的速度感。我制作了盒子)”以及后文“camerasinsideofthem”可知，Dominis想要拍摄低角度的照片，给人一种速度的戏剧性感觉，所以做了一些盒子，在里面安装了摄像机。故画线词意思是“安装”。A.Fixed.安装；B.Added.增加；C.Adjusted.调整；D.Focused.集中。故选A。技法2“语法关系”猜词义利用语法关系猜测词义时指利用语言表达中的下定义、举例子、标点符号等进行词义猜测的方法。[技法点拨](1)作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其是在一些科普类、社科类以及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词汇有：i.e.,is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等。(2)有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助考生理解该词的词义。此时常出现的信号词汇有：suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等.(3)作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词汇有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等。典例4【江苏省金陵中学、海安中学20222023学年高三10月联考】Asthenewyearapproaches,crowdsaroundtheworldmaybeexpectingwhizzesandbangstolightupthesky.Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(无人机)forlightshows,though.OllieHowitt,aleaderofSkyMagic,whichusedateamof300dronestocreateadisplayforLondon’snewyearcelebrationlastyear,saiddemandhadincreasedsubstantially.“Wedothinkit’sgoingtobesomethingthat’severcatchingon,asopposedtoitbeingashortlivedsortoffashionpeoplehavesuddenlygotinterestedin.Dronesarereusableandthere’snofallout.Inthatsensethey’reaverygood,sustainableoption,”shesaid.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fizzleout”inparagraph1mean?A．Catchon. B．Windup.C．Springup. D．Cancelout.【答案】28．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人机用于灯光表演有许多优点，但是它可能给环境带来的影响。人们对无人机灯光表演有不同态度。28．词句猜测题。结合常识和第一段“Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(无人机)forlightshows，though.(不过，随着无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花的吸引力可能会fizzleout)”中“fireworks”和“thegrowinguseofdrones”可知，烟花表演与无人机的表演是有共性的，都属于夜空中的灯光秀，因此，当无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花表演就减少或被替代，由此推知，划线短语与Windup意思相近，意为“结束”。故选B项。典例5【江苏省涟水县第一中学20222023学年高三上学期第一次阶段检测】Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld,Whodoesn’tlongforafavoriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbeingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone’swellbeingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach(菠菜),areseenas“hot”,whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradishes(小萝卜),areseenas“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food,However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual’shealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry,canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasoverworkedofficestaff,inneedofamodestpickmeup.So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpigbrainsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.10．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering”underlinedinparagraph3?A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.【答案】10．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统滋补品的现状、功效以及滋补品对现代餐饮业的影响。10．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry,canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.”可知，中草药，如枸杞，可以在许多餐馆的菜单上找到，可以添加到水果茶中，也可以作为一道菜的有益补充。由此可知，文中cateringindustry与下文的餐馆有关，故可知意思是“餐馆”。A.Medicine.药物；B.Restaurant.餐厅；C.Education.教育；D.Fashion.时尚。故选B。技法3利用构词法猜词义[技法点拨]构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度较高。虽然利用构词法猜测词义近三年高考没有直接考查，但是在阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词，且没有给出注解，考生需要利用构词法理解其含义，因此，利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。典例6(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷·B)Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof“forbiddenfruit”thateoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol(手枪).Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.......MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inparagraph8referto?A.Thestudent'sparent. B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C.Theauthor'sgrandchild. D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.5.D根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；offend为动词，意为“违反、冒犯”。故offender有“犯规者、违反者”的含义。结合上文中出现的forbiddenfruit以及下文提到的returnthebelonging可推断，犯规者指拥有下述forbiddenfruit的人。考法二代词猜测题猜测代词指代义就是找出人称代词、指示代词甚至关系代词等所指代的内容，高考中常考的是人称代词以及指示代词的指代对象，纵观近三年的高考题，一般来讲，代词指代题不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象，都需要借助上下文语境以及逻辑关系来进行猜测。代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中。【技法点拨】典例8【江苏省南京市六校联合体20222023学年高三上学期10月联合调研】Formostpeople,moneystillmeansphysicalcashprintedbyasole(唯一的、专有的),publicauthority.Yetitmaybeshortlived,ascashgiveswaytothedigitalizationoffinanceandnewmeansofpaymentmaytakeover.Thebigchangewillhavehugeimpactsonstates,peopleandpanies.Doesitdomoregoodthanharm?EswarPrasad,aseniorprofessorofTradePolicyatCornellUniversity,saysinhisbookKillbills,theFutureofMoney,itdependsoncentralbanks—whethertheycanembracechangewithoutlosingcontrol.Heinsiststheendofcash—likelywithinadecadeortwo—isrevolutionary.Asforthetrendthatcashisdeclining,MrPrasadexplainsthatitisduetothefactthatmanypeoplebankfromlaptopsandmakepaymentsontheirphones.Bitcoinandmanyotherdigitalmoniesithasinspiredbringaboutamorefundamentalshift,whichmakespaymentspossiblewithouttheneedforatrusted,centralauthority.However,banksremaindominant.Fearingthiscoulddothemoutofajob,manycentralbanksarebeginningtocatchupwiththepacebydevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies—CBDCs,whichwillupgradethefinancialsystem.MrPrasadsaystheyaremoreefficientthancashforsettlingtransactions(交易结算).Theycouldalsoprovidesupporttodigitalpaymentsystemsmanagedbyprivatefirms.Theycouldoffer“unbanked”munitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.Andtheymaymakeiteasiertotrackillegaltransactions.However,MrPrasadfearsCBDCsmaybevulnerable(脆弱的)tohackingandbugs;theycouldkillprivateinnovationandcausetheinstabilitytheyaremeanttoprohibit.Theprivacyoftransactionswillbelost.Healsomanagestomakethefinancialsystemunderstandableandinteresting.Hispatientdescriptionofhowitworksincludesnumbersofwellresearchedexamplesandpersonalanecdotes.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A．Centralbanks. B．Bills. C．panies. D．CBDCs.【答案】

9．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要以《消灭纸币，货币的未来》这本书为核心话题，介绍了其主要内容——当前货币今后的发展的情况。词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fearingthiscoulddothemoutofajob,manycentralbanksarebeginningtocatchupwiththepacebydevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies—CBDCs,whichwillupgradethefinancialsystem.(由于担心这可能会让它们失去工作，许多央行开始通过开发自己的数字货币来赶上这一步伐，这将升级金融体系。)”以及划线单词下文“Theycouldalsoprovidesupporttodigitalpaymentsystemsmanagedbyprivatefirms.Theycouldoffer“unbanked”munitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.Andtheymaymakeiteasiertotrackillegaltransactions.(他们还可以为私人公司管理的数字支付系统提供支持。它们可以为“没有银行账户”的社区提供使用数字支付和其他金融产品的渠道。而且它们可能会使追踪非法交易变得更容易。)”可知，they指的是上文提到的数字货币。故选D。【江苏省南通市海安市实验中学20222023学年高三上学期10月月考】Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard，maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm",oftenusedinasituation—aquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityor.excitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshavetosay..Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindofstorm—asinglecellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalowpressurevacuum（真空）ingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour（水蒸气）initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbeescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout（被挤出）atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm,让mightbereallywindy!13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Coldanddryair. B．Warmanddryair.C．Coldanddampair. D．Warmanddampair.【答案】13．D

【分析】本文为自然现象类说明文。文章揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。13．代词指代题。第三段中Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour(水蒸汽)initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.提到由于暖湿空气被吸进雷暴中，雷暴经过之处就形成了低气压真空带。正在上升的暖湿气流遇到雷暴云层中原本就存在的干燥冷空气，此时暖湿空气的温度下降，暖湿空气中的水分凝结成小的水滴，这就是雨水形成的前提。所以可知，代词it代指“暖湿空气”。故选D。考法三句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。一般来讲，画线句中生词不占主导地位，但无法单独通过字面意思理解句子的隐含意义，遇到此类题，必须回归原文，将画线句的前后句，甚至前后段进行归纳总结，再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较，选出最为接近的选项作为答案。【技法点拨】【江苏省如东中学2022~2023学年高三上学期期初学情检测】Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle?Ifyourfirstresponseis“No!”,here’sachancetoupdateyouropinions.Someofuswereraisedwiththeadviceof“Nevereatbetweenmeals”,whichcanprotectourteethfromsweets.Yettherecanbesignificantadvantagesofsnackingonhealthyfoods.Researchershavefoundthateatingfrequentminimealsoffershealthbenefits.Dr.DavidJenkinsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTorontohavereportedsomeremarkableadvantages.Inonestudy,participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroupsandbothgroupsweregiventhesametypeandamountoffoodoveratwoweekperiod.Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.Forthosehavinga“NibblingDiet”,foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday.Aftertwoweeks,thenibblershadreducedtheirbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levelsbymorethan15percent.Cortisol(皮质醇),astressindicator,wasreducedby17percent.Averageseruminsulin(血清胰岛素)levelsofnibblerswerereducedby28percent.Withlessinsulin,thebodyislesslikelytoconvertloadsofcaloriesintobodyfat.Also,youmaythinkeatingconcentratedsourcesoffatorsugar(orboth)willpacktheweightintoyourbody.However,seebelowforsomeexamplesofhealthysnacks:Nutsarehighinfatsokeepportionsmoderate.However,thefateswithawealthofmineralsandprotectivesubstances.Forgrowingyoungsters,highenergyadults,athletesandthosewhohavedifficultymaintainingtheirweight,nutsareagreatsolution.Driedfruits(raisins,currants,apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter,keepraisinshandy.Whenyourbloodsugardrops,you’llhaveaninstantremedy.Freshfruitisalsoagreatchoice.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“NibblingDiet”inparagraph2referto?A．Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime.B．Eatingmanysnacksatatime.C．Eatingfoodgentlyeachtime.D．Eatingfoodquicklyeachtime.【答案】

9．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，经常吃迷你餐对健康有益，并介绍了一些健康零食。9．词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday”（食物被分为每天17顿迷你餐）可知，参与研究的另一组人每天吃17顿迷你餐，由此可知，这些人一次不会吃太多的食物，“Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime”意为“一次不吃太多的食物”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。巩固提高A【江苏省如皋市20222023学年高三上学期第一次联考】Thankstogreatprogressinfundamentalresearch,biologyisbeingmoreprogrammable.Tworecentscientificadvancesshowhowpowerfulthepossibilitiescouldbe.Thegeneticmodificationofplantsisallowingthemechanismofphotosynthesistobetinkeredwith(调整).Thiscouldleadtodramaticimprovementsintheproductivityofplants.Tweakingthegenesofpeoplewhosufferfromfatalincurablediseases,meanwhile,hasalsohadremarkableresults.Aseriesofgenetictherapieshasarrived,orisarriving,totreatsomefataldiseases.Thetasknowistospreadthesegainsfarandwide.Thisattractivepromisehasbeenmadepossiblebyanenormousinvestmentinfundamentalresearchovertheyears.Basicknowledgeofgeneticsandthefunctionsandstructuresofproteinshasprovedtobeamotorfordiscoveryacrossmedicineandagriculture.Theprivatesector,tobesureplaysanessentialroleinthecycleofinnovation.Buttheseadvancesareareminderthatinvestmentbygovernmentsandcharitiesiscrucialinareasthatofferlittlemercialbenefitintheshortterm,butwhichinthelongtermpromisetogreatlyadvancewellbeing.Unfortunately,thereisnoguaranteethatthesegainswillberealized.Genetherapiesarearemarkabletechnicalacplishment.Buttheircurrentenormouscostmakesthemhardforhealthcaresystemstoafford.Inthepast,novelmedicinesthatstartedoutextremelycostlyhavebeemuchcheaper.Ifgenetherapyistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtodoevenbetterthanthis.Moreefficientphotosynthesis,too,willneedfurtherinvestmentifitistobemercialized.Thelong—termmanufacturingcostsofanewgreenrevolutionwill,thankfully,below;plantsmakemoreplantsinawaythattreatmentsnevercan.Genetherapies,however,needinnovationtoreducethecostofmakingthem.Heregovernments,charitiesandtheprivatesectorcouldusefullyworktogether.Last,regulatorsalsoneedtobequickerandmoreunderstandingofthegainstosocietyfromhelpingthesetechnologiesreachtheirpotential.Innovationscanlanguishwithoutappropriateortimelyrulemaking.Sciencehasmadeageneticrevolutionpossible.Nowthatrevolutionmustflourish.8．Howdopeoplebenefitfromthesetwoadvances?A．Fataldiseaseswillbecured.B．Peoplecansufferfromdeadlydiseases.C．Themechanismofphotosynthesiscanbechanged.D．Morefoodwillbeproducedtofeedahungryplanet.9．Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tcontributetotherevolution?A．Investmentbygovernments.B．Knowledgeofgeneticsandproteins.C．Investmentbytheprivatesector.D．Knowledgeofmedicineandagriculture.10．Whatshouldbedonetogeneralizetheachievementsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Regulatingtherevolutiontounderstandthegains.B．Innovatinggenetherapiestoreducethecost.C．mercializingphotosynthesistomeettheneedsD．Workingtogethertodevelopnewdrugs.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“languish”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Managetothrive. B．Reachtheirpotential.C．Failtoadvance. D．Makeproperrules.【答案】8．D

9．D

10．B

11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了通过调整有机体的光合作用来帮助人类发展农业以及制药业，同时也延伸出监管者们该做和不该做的事情。8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Thegeneticmodificationofplantsisallowingthemechanismofphotosynthesistobetinkeredwith(调整).Thiscouldleadtodramaticimprovementsintheproductivityofplants.(植物的基因改造使光合作用的机制得以修补。这将大大提高植物的生产力。)”可知，人们从这两项进步中获益，将生产更多的粮食来养活饥饿的地球。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Basicknowledgeofgeneticsandthefunctionsandstructuresofproteinshasprovedtobeamotorfordiscoveryacrossmedicineandagriculture.Theprivatesector,tobesureplaysanessentialroleinthecycleofinnovation.Buttheseadvancesareareminderthatinvestmentbygovernmentsandcharitiesiscrucialinareasthatofferlittlemercialbenefitintheshortterm,butwhichinthelongtermpromisetogreatlyadvancewellbeing.(遗传学的基础知识和蛋白质的功能和结构已被证明是医学和农业领域发现的动力。毫无疑问，私营部门在创新周期中扮演着至关重要的角色。但这些进展提醒我们，政府和慈善机构的投资在短期内几乎没有商业效益，但从长期来看有望大大提高福祉的领域至关重要。)”可知，政府投资、遗传学和蛋白质知识以及私营部门投资都有助于这场革命，D选项没有提到，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inthepast,novelmedicinesthatstartedoutextremelycostlyhavebeemuchcheaper.Ifgenetherapyistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtodoevenbetterthanthis.(在过去，一开始非常昂贵的新药物已经变得非常便宜。如果基因疗法要实现它的承诺，它需要做得比这更好。)”可知，为了推广这些成果，我们应该降低创新基因疗法的成本，故选B。11．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Last,regulatorsalsoneedtobequickerandmoreunderstandingofthegainstosocietyfromhelpingthesetechnologiesreachtheirpotential.(最后，监管机构还需要更快、更了解帮助这些技术发挥潜力给社会带来的好处。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“如果没有适当或及时的规则制定，创新就会停滞不前”，划线词languish的意思是“不能前进”，和failtoadvance意思相近，故选C。BForcenturies,twoofthemostinterestingquestionsaboutLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”were“Who?”and“When?”AdiscoverymadeatHeidelbergUniversityin2005answeredboth.AnoteconfirmedtheaccountofdaVinci’sfirstbiographer,GiorgioVasari:thatthesitterwasamerchant’swife,LisaGherardini.Thenotealsohelpeddatethemasterpiccetobetween1503and1506.Athirdconundrum—“Where?”—isstillindispute.ButonJune3rdaFrenchengineer,PascalCotte,declaredthatheandacollaboratorhadidentifiedthelandscapeinthebackgroundofthepainting.Duringapresentation,MrCottecontendedthattheartistwasmoreplausiblydepictingapartofhisnativeTuscany.DaVincirepresentedtheareanotasitwas,butas,inanunrealizedscheme,heintendedittobe.MrCotte,whowasaskedbytheLouvretocreateadigitalimageofthepainting,istheinventorofthemultispectralcamera:adevicethatcandetectnotonlythedrawingbelowthesurfaceofanoilpaintingbutalsointermediatelayersofwork.Itwasamongthese,underwhatappearstobeapointedrock,thathefoundapreparatorysketch(草图)showingthatdaVinciintendedittorepresentacastellatedtower.Thelandscapeofthe“MonaLisa”alsoincludesahugeoverhangingprecipice(悬崖).ThatissimilartoonethatdaVinciincludedinask