高三英语二轮复习语法速记精炼讲义

高中英语二轮复习核心语法速记精炼高中英语语法基本框架图名词核心考点1：可数名词变复数规则变化变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加sexperiment(实验)→experiments;human(人类)→humans(2021);crowd(人群)→crowds(2017);day→days(2016);death→deaths(死亡数量);person→persons或people2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加es,注意th结尾直接加sdish(碟子;饭菜)→dishes;branch(树枝)→branches;box→boxes3以f或fe结尾的词变f和fe为v再加esleaf(叶子)→leaves;shelf(架子;书架→shelves口诀助记：妻子(wifewives)持刀(knifeknives)去宰狼(wolfwolves)，小偷(thiefthieves)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelfshelves)后保己(selfselves)命(lifelives)，半(halfhalves)片树叶(leafleaves)遮目光个别的加sroof(房顶)→roofs;chief(首领;酋长)→chiefs;proof(证据)→proofs;chef(厨师)→chefs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加esactivity→activities(2021);study(研究）→studies;strategy(策略)→strategies;factory(工厂)→factories5以o结尾的名词一般加sphoto(照片)→photos;bamboo(竹子)→bamboos少数加esheroes→heroes；potato→potatoes口诀助记：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes)不规则变化变化规则例词1改变内部元音字母foot→feet★;tooth→teeth★;goose(鹅)→geese;man→men★;policeman→policemen★2单复数相同sheep→sheep★;fish(活鱼)→fish★（鱼肉为不可数名词）;Chinese(中国人)→Chinese;means(方式)→means;series(系列)→series;species(物种)→species3无规则变化child→children★;mouse→mice;ox(公牛)→oxen;medium(媒体)→media;bacterium→bacteria(细菌);phenomenon(现象)→phenomena4合成名词将主体名词变为复数passerby(路人)→passersby;soninlaw(女婿)→sonsinlaw无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数grownup(成年人)→grownups将两部分都变为复数womansinger→womensingers对点练习AlthoughBeethovencouldn’thearthe__________(instrument)beingplayed,hecouldstillhearthesoundtheymadeinhishead.Therehave

beentwelve__________(death)reported,andallcasesarereportedtohaveahistoryofcigarettesmoking.MakingChinese

__________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.InSichuanProvince,thegovernmentisclosing__________(factory)downbecausethere’snotenoughenergy.Everyoneissupposedtoputbooksbacktothe

__________(shelf)

whentheclosingbellissounded.(2021年新高考I卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

__________

(watchtower)tofakepictures...(2024全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural__________(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.(2024浙江1月首考)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforwardlooking__________(one)mayyeteoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.(2024九省联考)Now,mostpeoplereachfor__________(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.Key:1.instruments(n.乐器；仪器)2.deaths(n.死亡数量)3.dishes(n.饭菜；碟盘)4.factories(n.工厂)5.shelves(n.架子；书架)6.humans(n.人类)7.watchtowers（n.瞭望塔）8.wanders(n.奇迹；奇观)9.ones10.keyboards(n.键盘)核心考点2：常考不可数名词速记(不可数名词一般没有复数形式，做主语看成单数形式)单词词义单词词义advice建议information信息news新闻；消息furniture家具traffic交通knowledge知识equipment设备progress进步money钱change零钱hair头发baggage/luggage行李homework/housework家庭作业/家务活meat肉room空间luck运气music音乐housework家务fun乐趣wealth财富milk牛奶weather天气bread面包food食物work工作paper纸核心考点3：名词所有格形式所有格形式举例1‘s/s’类:一般表示有生命的名词所有格，但时间、距离、国家城市等无生命名词也可以使用。单数及不规则名词复数’s,复数名词s’。ateacher’sduty一个教师职责;theboss’soffice老板的办公室;Women’sDay妇女节;Children’sDay儿童节;Teachers’Day教师节;theparents’right父母的权利;yesterday’snewspaper昨天的报纸;twomiles’walk两英里的路程；China’shistory中国的历史注意：thedoctor’s=thedoctor’soffice医务所；theSmith’s史密斯的家（区分theSmiths史密斯一家人）2of类：一般表示无生命名词的所有格themouthoftheriver河口;thecoverofthebook书的封面3双重所有格：由of所有格和‘s/s’或名词性物主代词构成astudentofmyfather’s我爸爸的一个学生;afriendofmine我的一个朋友对点练习(2021年八省联考)A________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.Thetouristcenterisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’stwo__________(hour)walk.Paintingisgoodto__________(one)healthandliftsspirits.Icameacrossagoodfriendof__________(I)inthesquaretheotherday,butwedidn’ttalkmuchbecausehewasrushingtocatchthebus.InApril

2020,

the

Suzhou

government

launched

the__________(

nation)firstofflineunconditionalreturnservice.

Key:1.student’s2.hours’3.one’s4.mine5.nationa’s代词类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语作定语修饰n.作主语、宾语或表语=形物代+n.作宾语(必须主宾一致)或同位语第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves对点练习(2020全国乙卷)Visitorscanplaywithputersimulations(模拟)andimagine__________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistory.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism(生态旅游)has__________

(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.(2021浙江6月)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof

_________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021新高考1卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwinding(蜿蜒的)roadwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin

(I).Despite__________(he)oldage,Jackisstillinbettershapethanmanyyoungmen.Inhisletter,hethanked(I)formyappreciatinghiswork.__________isbelievedthatitwashisabilitytoworkunderpressurethatledtohisgreatsuccess.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemade__________easierforthepublictospendmoreongifts.You’dbettertakedownthenumberthatJimtoldyoujustnowincaseyouforget__________.Astudyshows

the

students

who

are

engaged

in

afterschoolactivitiesarehappierthan__________whoarenot.TheweatherinBeijinginwinteriscolderthan__________ofShanghai.

Key:1.themselves2.its3.herself4.mine(=mymemory)5.his6.me7.It(形式主语)8.it(形式宾语)9.it(代指thenumber)10.that(指代同类不同物的单数名词或不可数名词,此处指weather)动词谓语动词常考的谓语动词时态及被动语态一般现在时表常态的动作状态或客观真理★：do/does;am/is/aream/is/aredone时间标志词:always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom,everday或陈述客观事实一般过去式表过去的动作或状态★:did;was/werewas/weredone时间标志词：yesterday,last...,...ago,theotherday(前几天),in2021,then(那时),previously(以前)等一般将来时表将来的动作或状态：willdo;willbewillbedone现在进行时表现在正在进行的动作，现在进行时有时也可表将来：am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone时间标志词：now,currently(目前)过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作：was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone现在完成时表示动作已完成或过去的动作持续到现在★：have/hasdone;have/hasbeenhave/hasbeendone时间标志词：since+时间点；for+时间段；recently/lately(最近);inrecentmonths/years…/sofar/uptonow/tillnow/bynow(到目前为止);in/over/duringthelast/past…(在过去的…里)过去完成时表示过去某时之前动作就已完成，强调动作发生在“过去的过去”：haddone;hadbeenhadbeendone时间标志词：...before；by+过去的时间(截止到...前)；before/bythetime+从句现在完成进行时强调过去的动作延续到现在并且还会继续下去，译为一直在做...：have/hasbeendoing含有情态动词★：情态动词can;could/must/should/may;might/will;would+do情态动词could/must/should/may;might/will;would/hadbetter+bedone动词变单数第三人称，过去式/过去分词和现在分词规则形式变化规则构成方法例词单数第三人称★一般情况直接加­smean(意味着；意思是)→means(2020)；e→es(2017)以­ch，­sh，­s，­x结尾加­esteach→teaches；mix(混合)→mixes以­o结尾加­esdo→does;go→goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加­escarry(携带；搬运)→carries(2020)cry—cries过去式/过去分词★一般情况直接加­edtouch→touched(2020)start→started(2018)以不发音e结尾直接加­dhire→hired(2021)decide→decided以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加­edadmit→admitted(2020)prefer→preferred以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加­edcarry→carried(2020)try→tried现在分词★直：一般情况直接加­ingvisit→visitingsay→saying去：以不发音e结尾去e加­inge→ing(2020)write→writing双：以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加­ingcut→cuttingrun→running特：特殊情况特殊记忆lie(躺；说谎)→lying;die(死)→dying;tie(拴)→tying类型汉语原形过去式过去分词AB型能cancould/将要；会；…好吗shallshould/将要；会；愿意；要willwould/可以；也许；可能maymight/AAA型值（多少钱）；花费costcostcost切；剪；削；割cutcutcut打；撞；击中hithithit伤害；受伤；伤人感情hurthurthurt让letletlet必须；应当；必定是mustmustmust放；摆putputput放；安置setsetset关上；封/禁闭；合拢shutshutshut延伸；展开spreadspreadspread读；朗读readreadread/red/AAB型敲打；击打；打赢beatbeatbeatenABA型变得；成为beebecamebee来；来到ecamee跑/奔跑；（颜色）褪色runranrunABB型ABB型拿来；带来；取来bringbroughtbrought买buyboughtbought想；认为；考虑thinkthoughtthought接/捉住;赶上;染上（疾病）catchcaughtcaught教书；教teachtaughttaught建筑；建立buildbuiltbuilt借（出）；把…借给lendlentlent打发；派遣；送；邮寄sendsentsent度过；花费（钱/时间）spendspentspent失去；丢失loselostlost粘住；钉住；坚持stickstuckstuck挖（洞、沟等）；掘digdugdug悬挂；吊着；把…吊起hanghunghung感觉；觉得；摸；触feelfeltfelt保持；保存；继续不断keepkeptkept睡觉sleepsleptslept扫除；扫sweepsweptswept离开；把…留下；剩下leaveleftleft嗅；闻到；发出（气味）smellsmeltsmelt拼写spellspeltspelt溢出；溅出；洒出spillspiltspilt放；搁laylaidlaid付钱；给…报酬paypaidpaid说；讲saysaidsaid卖；售sellsoldsold告诉；讲述；吩咐telltoldtold坐sitsatsat吐痰；吐唾沫spitspatspat站；立；忍受standstoodstood懂得；明白；理解understandunderstoodunderstood燃烧/着火；使烧焦/晒黑burnburntburnt学；学习；学会learnlearntlearnt意思是；意指meanmeantmeant糟蹋；损坏；溺爱spoilspoiltspoilt梦；梦想dreamdreamtdreamt喂（养）；饲（养）feedfedfed遇见；见到meetmetmet领导；带领leadledled成为；得到；具有；达到getgotgot发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮shineshoneshone获胜；赢得winwonwon有；吃/喝；进行/经受have/hashadhad制造；做；使得makemademade听见；听说；得知hearheardheard打架/仗；与…打仗fightfoughtfought找到；发现；感到findfoundfound拿/抱；握住;举行holdheldheldABC型ABC型是bewas/werebeen开始；着手beginbeganbegun喝；饮drinkdrankdrunk（钟/铃）响；打ringrangrung唱；唱歌singsangsung下沉；沉没sinksanksunk游泳；游swimswamswum吹；刮风；吹气blowblewblown（鸟/飞机）飞；（人乘飞机）飞行；（旗子）飘动flyflewflown生长；发育；种植；变得growgrewgrown知道；了解；认识；懂得knowknewknown投；掷；扔throwthrewthrown绘画；拉；拖；提取（金钱）drawdrewdrawn给…看；出示；显示showshowedshown打破；损坏；撕开breakbrokebroken偷；窃取stealstolestolen选择choosechosechosen忘记；忘掉forgetforgotforgotten结冰freezefrozefrozen说；讲；谈话；发言speakspokespoken醒；醒来；叫醒wakewokewoken驾驶；开（车）；驱赶drivedrovedriven吃eatateeaten落（下）；降落;倒fallfellfallen给；递给；付出；给予givegavegiven把…藏起来；隐藏hidehidhidden骑（马/自行车）；乘车rideroderidden上升；上涨riseroserisen拿；服（药）；乘坐；花费taketooktaken弄错mistakemistookmistaken（使）动摇；震动shakeshookshaken写；书写；写作；著述writewrotewritten是am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen做；干dodiddone去；走；变得；通往gowentgone躺；卧；平放；位于lielaylain看见/到；领会；拜会seesawseen穿；戴wearworeworn对点练习(2024浙江1月首考)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).(2024九省联考)Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.(2021全国高考甲卷)TheXi’anCityWall__________

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修复).(2021浙江卷)AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand___________

（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.(2020全国卷II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose).(2020浙江卷)Byabout6000BC,people__________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2019·全国II卷)IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_________(make)overtheyears.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)Since2011,thecountry__________(grow)morecornthanrice.(2016全国Ⅱ卷)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_______(be)oftenacceptable.There________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years.Singleuseplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey__________(throw)away.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity(长寿).TheexpressionYYDS,literallymeaning“eternalGod”,__________(illustrate)one’sfeelingwhentheyfindsomethingorsomeonegodlike,awesomeandexceptional.PierreCoubertin,aFrenchman,__________(found)theInternationalOlympicmittee(IOC)in1894.Key:1.hasstarted(时标：overthelasttwoyears)2.wereused(时标：longago)3.wasbuilt(intheTangdynasty)4.sold(并列句)5.carries(表语从句谓语动词主语decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers动名词看成单数)6.bechosen(情态动词的被动语态)7.haddiscovered(时标：byabout6000BC)8.havemade(定语从句谓语动词时标：overtheyears)9.hasgrown(时标：since2011)10.is(Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow动名词做主语)11.hasbeen(therebe的完成时态therehave/hasbeen时标：overthepast20years)12.arethrown(状语从句谓动)13.beplaced(情态动词的被动语态)14.illustrates15.founded(时标：in1894)动词非谓语动词非谓语动词是指不作谓语动词的动词形式。非谓语动词法则：一个英语句子在没有连词连接的情况下有且只有一个谓语动词，如果句子已经有了一个谓语动词，那么其他动词只能以非谓语的形式出现，在句中作除谓语以外的其他成分。doing:现在分词表主动进行/动名词相当于名词动名词作主语LearningChineseisveryimportantforTom.动名词作宾语TomenjoyslearningChinese.动名词/现在分词作表语Tom’shobbyislearningChinese,forlearningChineseisexcitingforTom.现在分词作定语TheboyreadinganinterestingChinesebookinthereadingroomisTom.现在分词作状语ReadingaChinesebook,Tomwasveryinterested.现在分词作宾语补足语IsawTomreadingaChinesebook.现在分词的完成形式havingdone作状语强调该动作先于谓语动词动作前发生HavinglearntChineseforsomanyyears,TomisabletospeakfluentEnglish.不定式todo:表目的或将来作主语TolearnChinesewellisTom’sdream.=ItisTom’sdreamtolearnEnglishwell.作宾语TomwantstolearnEnglishwell.作表语Tom’sgoalistolearnEnglishwell.作定语TomhastheabilitytolearnEnglishwellandhealsohasaplantostudyinChina.作状语TolearnEnglishwell,Tomworkshard.=TomworkshardtolearnEnglishwell.作宾语补足语Tom’sfatherinspireshimtolearnEnglishwell.不定式todo的被动形式tobedone作宾语补足语LearningChinesesowellenablesTomtobeinvitedtoChinaasanexchangestudent.过去分词done:表被动或完成作定语TheboyinspiredbyhisfatherisTom.作状语Inspiredbyhisfather,TomtrieshisbesttolearnChinesewell.作宾语补足语WefindTominspiredbyhisfatheralot.作表语TomisveryinterestedinlearningChinese.对点练习Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts_________(develop)aftergreateffort.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm_________(rest)._________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,_________(invite)twentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,not_________(know)whereshewasheading.Andwhenhesawthemists(薄雾)risingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.When

___________(face)

with

difficult

situations

in

their

lives,manypeoplefindthemtoochallengingandgiveup.When

___________(face)

difficult

situations

in

their

lives,manypeoplefindthemtoochallengingandgiveup.___________(see)fromthetopofthemountain,ourcitylooksbeautiful.___________(see)fromthetopofthemountain,Ifindourcityverybeautiful.Hehurriedtothehall,___________(follow)

by

twoguards.

___________(plete)in611,theChina’sGrandCanalgrowmoreandmoreimportantthroughoutChinaoverthenext500rears.Inadditionto___________(move)ricearoundChina,itwasalsoanimportantwaterway.Oranges

make

great

gifts

andyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune

Itispossible_________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_______(find)thewellknownpainter.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.Sheis_________(satisfy)withtheonlineeducationthoughshehasn’thadatraditionalschoolexperience.Thepanyaims_________(promote)bikecultureasalifestylechoice.Chinaisthefirstdevelopingcountry_________(host)theOlympicGamesinmodernOlympichistory.

Childrenmayhavegreater

ability

_________(figure)outthingsthanscientists.Incollege,therearesomanygood

chances

foryou_________(meet)yourexpectations.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysand

enables

them_________(connect)withoneanother.Key1.developed(过去分词作宾语补足语)2.saying(过去分词作后置定语)3.resting(spend时间doingsth)4.Tostrenghthen(过去分词表目的)；inviting(现在分词作状语)5.knowing(现在分词作状语)6.surrounding(现在分词作宾语补足语)7.facing(现在分词作状语)；faced(过去分词作状语befacedwith面对)8.seen(过去分词作状语)；seeing(现在分词作状语)9.followed(过去分词作状语)10.pleted(过去分词作状语)；moving(inadditiontodoingsthto为介词)11.decorated(过去分词做状语)12.towalk(it为形式主语todo不定式为真正主语)13.tofind(setouttodosth开始着手做某事)14.tocare(be+adj.+todo)15.satisfied(besatisfiedwith对...满意/满足)16.topromote(aimtodo旨在做某事)17.tohost(名词前有序数词修饰的n.后一般用todo不定式作后置定语)18.tofigure(theabilitytodo做某事的能力todo不定式作后置定语)19.tomeet(chancetodosth做某事的机会todo不定式作后置定语)20.toconnect(enablesbtodosth使某人能够做某事)形容词和副词核心考点1：形容词变副词规则类别例词一般直接加­lyundoubted→undoubtedly毋庸置疑地(2021)extreme→extremely极其地(2020)regular→regularly有规律地以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加­lyhappy→happily高兴地easy→easily容易地（2019）特例：shy→shyly害羞地(直接加ly)词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e再加­yterrible→terribly可怕地；极度地gentle→gently轻轻地(2020)特例：whole—wholly完全地；整体地(双写l)词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e再加­lytrue→truly真实地词尾为l的形容词加ly;词尾为ll的形容词直接加­yreal→really真实地(2017)official→officially正式地(2016)full→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地；单调地词尾为­ic的形容词加­allybasic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically科学地specific→specifically特定地核心考点2：形容词/副词变比较级和最高级规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词后面直接加­er，­estlonglongerlongestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加­r和­stfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest重读辅元辅结尾，先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加­er和­estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加­er和­esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest多音节(>或=三个音节)和部分双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlymoreefficientlymoreefficientlyinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingconcernedmoreconcernedmostconcerned2．不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther更远的/地（具体概念）farthest最远的/地further更进一步的/地★(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年长的)oldest/eldest注意：下列表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级，如：favourite；perfect；excellent；wrong；right；unique；extreme等。对点练习Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___________(extreme)challenging.Thisis___________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan

___________(easy)seethem.Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange.Inanyunsafesituation,

___________(simple)

pressthebuttonandahighlytrainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.Weare

_________(full)

awareofthedangers.___________(basic),whatweneedfromyouisfinancialsupport.Mydogatemyhomework,andmyputercrashed.

Even___________

(bad),Igotsickthatnight.Itwas

byfar

the___________

(bad)

speechhehadevermade.

Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the___________(hot)thespring!Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch___________(small)thanitistoday.Key:1.extremely2.particularly3.easily4.actually5.simply6.fully7.Basically8.worse;worst9.hottest10.smaller数词核心考点1：基数词变序数词规则规律单词一般后加thfour→fourth，six→sixth,seven→seventh，ten→tenth，eleven→eleventh，thirteen→thirteenth，fourteen→fourteenth，hundred→hundredth，1.2.3特殊记one→first，two→second，tree→third8去t,9去e,ve要用f替eight→eighth，nine→ninth，five→fifth，twelve→twelfth几十ty要变tietwenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth，forty→fortieth，fifty→fiftieth若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以twentyone→twentyfirst，thirtyfive→thirtyfifth核心考点2：基数词和序数词其它重要考点注意区分：twothousandstudents两千学生thousandsofstudents数以千计的学生序数词前一般用定冠词the修饰;注意短语：inone’s+整十数的复数表示在某人几十多岁，如inone’sthirties在某人30多岁分数的表达onefourth/aquarter1/4;one/athird1/3;one/ahalf1/2;twothirds2/3fiveeighths/fiveineight/fiveoutofeight5/8:对点练习Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy________(eighteen)birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Then,whenIwasinthe________(five)grade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.Wehadaceremonyonthelawn(草坪)ofCentralHighforthe

________(forty)

anniversary(周年纪念日).Thoughinher_________(seventy),shestillworked8hoursadayinthepetshop.________(million)

of

the

people

inthe

mountain

areas

are

finallyoffpoverty(贫穷).

Key:1.eighteenth2.fifth3.fortieth4.seventies5.Millions冠词___________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis___________musttovisit!____________

Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.Theplumtrees(梅树)are___________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Everybodywears

___________

samestyleofclothes.Hawaiis___________

unique

andunpredictable(不可预测的)place.“Theyhavebeenwellreceivedsofar,”saidFengJuan,___________engineerfromthepanywhichmakesthemachines.

Then,with___________riseofscience,changesbegan.Key:1.A2.a3.The(the+姓氏复数表...一家人)4.the(序数词前一般用定冠词修饰)5.the(thesame..相同的...)6.a7.an8.the(withtheriseof随着...的崛起)介词常考的介词搭1.atnineo’clock/dawn/dusk/noon/night在9点钟/黎明/傍晚/正午/晚上2.attheageof6在六岁时3.atthesametime同时4.atmost/least最多/至少5.onSunday/July1st/acoldwinternight

/thefollowingday在周日/七月一日/一个寒冷的冬日晚上/第二天6.inAugust/spring/2020/thetwentyfirstcentury在8月/春季/2020年/21世纪7.inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上8.atahighprice以低价9.onone’sown=byoneself独自10.inthisway

以这种方法11.showrespectforsb尊敬某人12.withthesewords说完这些话13.atthisnews听到这个消息14.buysthforsb为某人买某物15.bringsthwithsb随身携带某物16.can’topenthedoorwithoutknowingthepassword不知道密码不能打开门17.atlow/highspirits情绪低落/高涨18.driveatahighspeed以高速行驶19.waitforawhile

等一会20.ontheInternet

在互联网上21.haveaneffectonsth对...有影响22.begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人23.apologizetosbforsth因某事向某人道对点练习Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept__________thelate1980s.Itisestimated(据估计)thattheoutputwill

increase__________

15%.Whileridinghisbikehome

___________acoldnight，hecameacrossasadlookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Oranges:Orangetreesaremore___________decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist_________earth,MotherNature.Museumsmustpete___________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.

Instead,being

grateful___________smallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree___________engineeringorarchitecture.Key:1.from(from...to从...到...)2.by(benamedby被...命名)3.until(not...until直到...才)4.by5.on6.than(morethan不止；超出)7.on(onearth在世界上/人世间)8.for(petewithsbforsth与某人竞争某物)9.for(begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人)10.in(getadegreein...获得...学位)连词并列连词及三大从句连词用法表并列连词并列关系and,notonly...butalso(不但...而且),neither...nor(既不...也不),both...and,bedoingsth/abouttodosthwhen（正在做/将要做...这时突然）转折关系but,yet,while(然而)，not...but(不是...而是)选择关系or,either...or(要么...要么)因果关系so(因此);for(因为)定语从句关系代词(在从句中作成分)先行词人who/that(主语)；who/that/whom/省略(宾语);whose(定语，表所属关系)；介词+which(物)/whom(人)非限定性定语从句：有逗号隔开；从句不用that；which可以指代前面整句话先行词物that/which(主语或宾语)；whose(定语，表所属关系)关系副词(从句完整不缺成分)先行词为时间用when=介词+which;先行词为地点用where=介词+which;先行词为reason用why=forwhich名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)that无实义，不作句子成分，后跟一个完整的句子，宾语从句中可以省略whether/if意为“是否”，不作句子成分，后跟一个完整的句子，宾语从句两者皆可用，主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether特殊疑问词连接代词作句子成分：who,whose,which,what连接副词不作句子成分：when,where,why,how状语从句时间状语when(当),while(当，只和延续性动词连用),as(当；随着),before(在...之前),after(在...之后),till/till(直到...),once(一旦),since(自从),assoonas/themoment/theminute/thesecond/immediately(一...就),everytime(每次),thefirsttime（第一次）地点状语where,wherever(无论什么地方)原因状语because,since(=nowthat既然，由于),as,for目的状语sothat(以便于；为了)，inorderthat,incase/forfear(以免；以防)结果状语so...that/such...that(如此...以至于),sothat(结果)条件状语if,unless(除非),aslongas=solongas(只要)让步状语although,though,while,as(虽然),evenif/though(即使),whatever(=nomatterwhat),whenever（=nomatterwhen）...方式状语as(像),asif/though(好像)比较状语than(比),as...as（和...一样),notas/so...as（不如）对点练习连词并列连词Ifoundthecontactinformationofthepany________emaileditspresident.Mybikewasoldandshaky______didthejob.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays________evenafewmonths.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__________someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.连词定语从句连词Whenyousleep,

yourbrainsortsthrougheverything

__________

happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.ButSarah,___________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Maybeyouleaveahabit________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Iwillbeonvacationfortwoweeks,

during

__________

IplantovisitseveralEuropeancountries.WealllikeourEnglishteacher,from__________wehavelearnedalot.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________

aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.Selfdriving

is

an

area

_______China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdaily

livesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Wedding

is

an

occasion

__________

brideis

the

mostbeautiful.

连词名词性从句连词Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthe

best._________impressedmemostwasthattheyneverloseheart.Itis

reported

_________

thousandsofpeopleetoConfuciusTempletohaveavisiteveryyear.I

have

a

firm

belief

__________

weshouldnevershyawayfromdifficultsituations.

There

isevidence__________

carshaveaharmfuleffectontheenvironment.

连词状语从句连词Overtime,____________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.____________

they'reexpensive,theylastforeverandnevergooutofstyle.Weallneedtogetinvolvedinsavingenergy________it’satwork,athome,oratschool.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining_______hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.Key:并列连词1.and2.but3.or4.and定语从句连词1.that(先行词为不定代词关系代词一般用that)2.who3.that/which4.which(介词+which)5.whom(介词+whom)6.who(先行词为those那些人关系代词一般用who)7.where8.whose9.that/which10.where11.when名词性从句连词1.whether/if(引导宾语从句)2.what(引导表语从句)3.what(引导主语从句)4.that(it形式主语that引导主语从句)5.that(同位语从句)6.that(同位语从句)状语从句连词1.when/over(当、随着)2.Although/Though/While(尽管)3.whether(whether...or无论...还是)4.so(so...that如此...以至于)词性变化动词或形容词变名词1.able—ability能力2.absent—absence缺席3.accept—acceptance接受4.accurate—accuracy精确;准确5.achieve—achievement成就；实现6.admit—admission承认；允许进入7.admire—admiration钦佩；羡慕8.appear—appearance出现；外貌9.approve—approval批准；同意；赞成10.argue—argument(去e+ment)争论；辩论11.arrange—arrangement安排12.arrive—arrival到达13.assume—assumption假定；承担14.attract—attraction有吸引力的人或物；景点15.aware—awareness意识16.begin—beginning开始17.behave—behavior行为18.believe—belief