适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit6Spaceandbeyond外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.阅读理解AResearchersfromTexasA&MUniversityhavedevelopedanewbioremediationtechnology(生物整治技术)usingplant-basedmaterialandfungi(真菌)thatcouldcleanupper-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances.Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstance,alsocalled“foreverchemicals”orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjustabouteverywhere,fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemandmaycauseliverdamage.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.“PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,”saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.“Theymustberemovedanddestroyedtopreventhumanexposureandnegativeimpactsontheecosystem.PFASaresostableandtheycanoccurinwaterinaverylowconcentrationandyouhavetoconcentratethemandthendestroythem.”Theonlywaytoactuallygetridofthese“foreverchemicals”isbyburningthem,whichisalongandexpensiveprocess.ButTexasA&Mresearchershavefoundanewwaytouseaplant-basedmaterialthatadsorbsthepollutants.AsexplainedbyScienceDirect,adsorptionis“theuseofsolidsforremovingsubstancesfromeithergasorliquid”.Theadsorbentmaterialisthenconsumedbymicrobialfungi.Theteamrecentlypublishedtheirfindingsfortheprocessframework,whichtheycallRAPIMER,inNature.“Theplant’scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,”Daiexplained.“Thenthismaterialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.Thenit’sgone,andyoudon’thavethedisposalproblem.”ThissustainablePFASclean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,leadingtoabetterwaytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ItcouldalsocomeinhandyastheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds(阈值)toitswaterqualitystandards.1.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A.PFAS’sexistingforms.B.PFAS’sdoubtfulorigins.C.PFAS’spotentialdangers.D.PFAS’swideapplications.2.WhatdidSusieDaisayaboutPFAS?A.Theyareunstable.B.Theydegradeeasilyintheenvironment.C.Theysurvivelongerinwaterthanintheair.D.Theyarepoisonouseveninalowconcentration.3.Whathappensaftertheplant-basedmaterialadsorbsthepollutants?A.Thematerialgetseaten.B.Thematerialbecomessolid.C.Thematerialfallsintosmallpieces.D.Thematerialgoesontoadsorbfungi.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheplant-basedmaterial?A.Indifferent.B.Worried.C.Positive. D.Reserved.BTheUNthisweeklaunchedareporturgingcompaniestostopissuingfalsenet-zerotargetsthatamounttogreenwashing.Greenwashingisatermusedtodescribesituationswherecompaniesmisleadconsumersbyclaimingtobeeco-friendlyorsustainableasamarketingplanratherthanasacoreprincipleoftheirbusinessmodel.Often,theseindustriesspendmoremoneymakingthemselvesappearsustainablethantheydotakingactualsustainablemeasuresintotheircompany.Cities,financialinstitutions,andscoresofcompanieshaveannouncedplanstoreducetheiremissionstozero,which,inprinciple,shouldhelpthefightagainstclimatechange.“Theproblemisthatthecriteriaforthesenet-zerocommitmentshavevaryinglevelsofprecisionandloopholes(漏洞),”saidUNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterresduringthelaunchofthereport.Manynet-zeroplanscontainfar-awayoruncleartargetsandoftencallfortheuseofunprovedtechnologieslikecarboncaptureandtreeplanting,whicheffectivelyallowcompaniestocontinuepollutingtheatmosphere.Studiesshowthatmostofthesenet-zeroplanswilldolittletostoptemperaturesfromrising.Forexample,manyoilmajorshaveannouncedplanstoreduceemissionsfromtheiroperationstozeroby2050thatdonottakeintoaccountthecarbonemittedbythefossilfuelstheysell,whichwouldallowthemtoincreaseproduction.Farfromdecreasing,fossilfuelproductionisgoingstrong.Toclosethesenet-zeroloopholes,theUNthisweekreleasedareportthatincludes10recommendationstoensurethatcompanies,cities,regions,andothernon-stateactorsissuecredibleandaccountablenet-zerocommitments.“Theirplanscannotrelyoncheapcarboncreditsinsteadofimmediatelycuttingtheirownemissions,”Guterressaid.Financialinstitutionsneedtocutdownemissionsfromalltheirinvestmentsandbusinessesneedtobringdownthecarbonfootprintoftheirsupplychain,thereportsaid.Thereport’sleadauthor,CatherineMcKenna,urgedcompaniestoreleasenewnet-zerotargetswithinayear.Theupdatedtargetsmustcontainconcreteactionabledetails.5.Whatdoes“greenwashing”referto?A.Agreentechnology.B.Amisleadingstatement.C.Abusinessmodel.D.Aspendingtarget.6.Whydoestheauthormentiontheoilmajors?A.Toproveoilmajorsarereallyresponsible.B.Tosetsomegoodexamplesforothercompanies.C.Toshowsomenet-zerocommitmentsmakenosense.D.Toindicatethebenefitofnet-zeroplanstoclimatechange.7.HowdoesGuterresfeelabouttheissuednet-zeroplans?A.Dissatisfied. B.Guilty.C.Shocked. D.Confused.8.Whatisadvisedtodotofixnet-zeroloopholes?A.Plantmoretrees.B.Sharemoresupplychains.C.Dependoncheapcarboncredits.D.Makeconcreteactionabletargets.Ⅱ.完形填空Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarⅡveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind1inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.2,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto3it.

Peter4atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew5asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore6tohiscommunitythaneverbefore.“Thekidsare7;theyarelikesponges(海绵),”saidPeter.“I’msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe8do.I’mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I’mpartofthe9,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet10isextremelygoodbecauseI’llbegoing11inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies’,andIfeel12.”In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesⅢ!

Now,13beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently14ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18-year-oldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.

“Heisthe15.Iamthepast,”PetersaidofDara.

1.A.meaningB.wisdomC.standard D.courage2.A.Meanwhile B.NeverthelessC.Therefore D.Moreover3.A.prove B.exploreC.manage D.attempt4.A.works B.volunteersC.registers D.engages5.A.reputation B.statusC.post D.state6.A.connected B.restrictedC.equal D.inferior7.A.flexible B.naughtyC.patient D.great8.A.heroes B.humansC.children D.adults9.A.society B.populationC.community D.nation10.A.reaction B.effortC.devotion D.credit11.A.anywhere B.nowhereC.somewhere D.elsewhere12.A.grateful B.honoredC.ambitious D.surprised13.A.inadditionto B.insteadofC.dueto D.inspiteof14.A.appeared B.performedC.advertised D.shared15.A.prospect B.trendC.present D.futureⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。OneNewYear’smorning,aswecamedowntobreakfast,withveryshinyfacesandspandyaprons(围裙),wesurprisinglyfoundFatheraloneinthediningroom.“HappyNewYear,Papa!WhereisMother?”wecried.“Alittleboycamebeggingandsaidtheywerestarvingathome,soyourmotherwenttoseeandah,heresheis.”AsPapaspoke,incameMamma,lookingverycold,rathersad,andverymuchexcited.“Notfarawayfromhere,livesapoorwomanwithalittlenewbornbaby.Sixchildrenarehuddled(挤在一起)intoonebedtokeepfromfreezingfortheyhavenofire.Thereisnothingtoeatoverthere,andtheoldestboycameheretotellmetheywerestarvingonthisbitterlycoldday.Mylittlegirls,willyougivethemyourbreakfast,asaNewYear’sgift?”Wesatsilentaminuteandlookedatthenice,hotporridge(粥),creamymilk,andgoodbreadandbutter,forwewerebroughtuplikeEnglishchildren,andneverdrankteaorcoffee,orateanythingbutporridgeforourbreakfast.“Iwishwe’deatenitup,”thoughtIforIwasratheraselfishchild,andveryhungry.“MayIgoandhelpcarryittothepoor,littlechildren?”askedBeth,whohadthetenderestheartthateverbeatunderaspandyapron.“Icancarrythatlittlepot,”saidlittleMay,proudlygivingthethingshelovedbest.“AndIshalltakealltheporridge,”Iburstin,heartilyashamedofmyfirstfeeling.“Youshallputonyourthingsandhelpme,andwhenwecomeback,we’llgetsomethingtoeat,”saidMother,beginningtopilethebreadandbutterintoabigbasket.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Weweresoonreadyandsetout.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aswemadeourwaybackhome,Ifeltasenseofwarmthinmyheart.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究,科研人员开发了一种新的生物整治技术,该技术使用植物性材料和真菌,可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物质。1.C主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要讲述的是PFAS潜在的危险。2.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“‘PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,’saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.”可知,苏西认为PEAS即便浓度很低也会有毒。3.A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,这种植物性物质在吸附了PFAS后,这种材料和所吸附的化学物质就沦落为微生物真菌的食物,也就是被吃掉了。4.C根据文章最后一段可知,作者对于这种植物性材料的前景抱有积极的态度。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国本周发布了一份报告,敦促企业停止发布相当于“洗绿”的虚假净零目标。5.B词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashingisatermusedtodescribesituationswherecompaniesmisleadconsumersbyclaimingtobeeco-friendlyorsustainableasamarketingplanratherthanasacoreprincipleoftheirbusinessmodel.”可推知,“洗绿”指的是一种误导性的说法。故选B项。6.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Manynet-zeroplanscontainfar-awayoruncleartargetsandoftencallfortheuseofunprovedtechnologieslikecarboncaptureandtreeplanting,whicheffectivelyallowcompaniestocontinuepollutingtheatmosphere.”可知,一些净零承诺包含遥远或不明确的目标,往往要求使用未经证实的技术,这会允许企业继续污染大气。由此推知,一些净零承诺是没有意义的。接着文章列举石油巨头的例子来说明一些净零承诺是没有意义的。故选C项。7.A推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知,Guterres对净零计划是不满意的。故选A项。8.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thereport’sleadauthor,CatherineMcKenna,urgedcompaniestoreleasenewnet-zerotargetswithinayear.Theupdatedtargetsmustcontainconcreteactionabledetails.”可知,建议制定具体可行的目标来弥补净零漏洞。故选D项。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。100岁二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世后,在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者,与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义,他也因此成了名人。1.A根据本句“afterhiswifepassedaway”可知,妻子去世,他努力寻找生活的意义。2.C根据上文“PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarⅡveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofindinhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知,妻子去世后,他努力寻找生活的意义。因此当女儿给出建议时,他决定尝试。前后为因果关系。

3.D解析同上一题。4.B根据上文“whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool”可知,他的女儿建议他在当地小学提供帮助,应是做志愿者。5.B根据空后“asagrandfatherlyfigure”可知,这是一种身份。6.A根据上文“PeteratDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.”可知,他是志愿者,是与社区有联系的。

7.D根据下文“theyarelikesponges”可知,他在夸赞孩子们很棒。8.C根据上文“‘Thekidsare;theyarelikesponges’”可知,他教的是孩子,所以他认为从这件事中,和孩子们相比,他更受益。

9.C