名词导学案-高三英语一轮语法复习

一轮语法复习之名词【预习案】语法功能名词在句中可充当的成分有：主语、名词的分类：可数名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词：可以单个独立存在的人、动植物、和团体的名称doctor,tiger,radio,village,year.集合名词：一群相似也相关的个体结合而成的集合体的名称family,team,mittee.物质名词：表材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、金属等名称cotton,fish,salt,blood,air,gold.抽象名词：表示性质、动作、状态及学科、疾病等名称patience,argument,algebra,cancer,peace专有名词：表示人名、地名或一物的专有名称。China,Shakespeare,theBible.不可数名词的量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”a

piece

of

bread/paper/cloth/coal/news/

advice;an

item

of

information/clothes名词的单复数_________________________________会影响名词的单复数。名词的单复数会影响_________________________________。可数名词变复数规则：规则例词一般情况下在名词后面直接+sbook__________

dog_________

以s、x、z、ch、sh等结尾的单词+esclass__________

month__________

box

__________

brush___________以辅音字母+y

结尾的，把y

改为i，再加esstory_________

key

__________以o结尾的词：无生命的+s有生命的+es(英雄吃土豆和番茄)potato___________

piano____________tomato___________hero___________以f、fe结尾的名词+s。有部分词改f/fe为v,再+es。（妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。）wife___________

knife___________

wolf___________

shelf___________life_____________roof

____________

handkerchief

__________补充说明：部分名词变复数不按规则变化：child___________ foot__________man___________mouse_______复合名词变复数，复数形式体现在中心名词上。passerby________________ bookworm________________gobetween________________ toothbrush___________________有部分复数形的名词只作单数：mathematics,news,physics,politics,statistics.部分复数形名词无单数形式(只作复数)：trousers，pants,shorts,scissors,chopsticks.部分单数形名词只作复数：police,cattle,people(人)单复数同形的名词：=1\*GB3①单数形：sheep,deer,fish,Chinese=2\*GB3②复数形：means,crossroads,series,species单复数意义不一样的单词：good___________→goods__________； pass___________→passes__________wood____________→woods_________； custom____________→customs___________manner__________→manners___________arm____________→arms____________；work___________→works___________； glass___________→glasses____________cloth___________→clothes__________抽象名词具体化：某些抽象名词可以用来表示具体的人或物。The

news

brought

fort

to

all

of

us.

这消息给我们大家带来了安慰。His

husband

was

a

great

fort

to

her

when

she

was

ill.她生病时，她丈夫对她是个极大的安慰。常见的可抽象名词具体化的词：success,beauty,danger,delight,failure,surprise,shock,pride,attraction,honor…名词所有格：名词的所有格表示所属关系。名词的所有格通常有两种形式：____________________________________________Thetitleofthebook

Tom’sbestfriend完成以下所有格练习：____________paper今天的报纸；the____________toys孩子们的玩具tomy___________到我叔叔家； twenty______________walk二十分钟的路程名词作定语：作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。作定语的名词一般用单数形式:a

story

booktwo_______________(两本故事书)man,

woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致a

woman

teacher(一位女教师),

two

_____________

teachers(两位女教师)sports,

sales,

clothes等只用复数形式a

sports

meet a

sales

manager【当堂训练】名词变复数练习：sport→_____________

piece→_____________ toothbrush→____________match→_____________ sandwich→_____________ radio→_____________candy→_____________ holiday→_____________ lookeron→_____________leaf→_____________ month→_____________ belief→_____________mouse→_____________ child→_____________ medium→_____________ 填空Father

went

to

his

doctor

for_______

(advise)about

his

heart

troubleTheweather___________(effect),bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.Everypossiblemeans____beentried,butnoneprovessuccessful．Onepairoftrousers_______(be)notenough.Iknowsomepeoplewho_______studyingEnglishthemselvesafterschool.My____________(parents)clothesarehanginginthewardrobe.Taking

twenty

_____________(minute)

exercise

every

day

is

good

for

your

health.

His

____________

(curious)

made

him

wonder

about

clouds.Hesaidheneededalotof_________________(inform)abouttheweathertheretoprepareforhistravel.高考真题训练（2023新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe______________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_____________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.（2022全国甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental_____________(protect).（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe_____________(invite).（2021新高考II卷）Apany_____________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021全国乙卷）_____________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.（2021浙江6月卷）In1844theyboughtitfor＄1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir_____________(marry)ceremonyin1842.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tpletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.（2020全国I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular_____________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moresothanthefamiliarnearside.（2020新高考卷）AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical_____________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.（2020天津卷）Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable_____________(transform).【巩固练习】把下面的单词改成复数形式tree__________ family

_________

toy

_________

photo_____________thief__________sheep__________Frenchman_________path___________填空I

saw

many

_____________

(Japan)

seated

in

the

corner

and

reading

something.

It’s

only

ten

_____________

(minute)walk

from

the

station

to

the

hotel.AsfarasIamconcerned,my____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChineseEnglishwithineasyreach.He

is

_______

great

success

as

a

scientist.Physics

_______(be)

a

fundamental

subject

in

science.

Canyougivemesome________________(advise)onhowtolearnEnglishwell?Thepoliceinabigcity_____________searchingforathiefnamedbill,andtheyfinallycaughthim.3高考真题训练（2023全国甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural_______________(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric______________(event).（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_____________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknowhowtothankhim.”（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargestteaproducingcountry,Chinahasa__________________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.（2021新高考1卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_____________(human)are.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________________(watchtower)totakepictures.（2021全国乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducatedabouttheareas—bothinterm