高中英语高考冲刺语法专题6非谓语动词-ing（学生版）

高中英语高考冲刺语法专题6：非谓语动词ing【问题查找】单句语法填空。1.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm________(rest).3.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyempty—therewasjustonecouple,________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.4.NowIamlookingforwardto________(visit)againChina!5.Noonecanignoretherichculture________(date)backtoancienttimeschangingintothemodernageataspeedandscalethathasneverbeenwitnessed.6.Ofcourse,________(enjoy)anicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencinghappiness.7.Iliketravellingandmydreamof_____________(visit)Beijing,thecapitalcityofourcountry,cametrueduringtheNationalDayholidaysthisyear.8.Before____________(hear)hisanswer,shestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysinglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.9._____________(think)thathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.10.Outsidethelibrary,Isawamandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,_____________(try)tofindaparkingspace.【要点精讲】谓语与非谓语原则一：在一个句子，一般一个主语应配套一个谓语，（并列谓语除外），如一个主语后跟了两个动词，就应该有一个是谓语动词，一个应该是非谓语动词，这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动”如：我去书店买一些书，在此句中，只有一个主语“我”，却有两个动词“去”和“买”，那么“去”就应该是谓语动词，“买”就应该是非谓语动词例句：Iwenttothebookshoptobuysomebooks谓语非谓语Heenjoysplayingbasketball谓语非谓Isingandplaymyfavouritesongs并列谓语原则二：谓语动词体现的时态，与时间状语有关，非谓语与时态无关例句：Heenjoysreadingbookseveryday.谓语（现在时）非谓现在时标志时间状语Heenjoyedreadingbookslastyear.谓语（过去时）非谓语过去时标志时间状语谓语动词会受时间状语的影响，体现各种时态非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响，与时态无关，与主语的单复数无关原则三：谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十六种基本时态（含被动），而非谓只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）todo,doing,done如Hefinishedreadingthenovels.过去时doingHehassomethingtobesent.现在时todo被动Theywererebuildingthedamagedhouse.过去进行时doneKatehadfoundthemissingboy.过去完成时doingHavingrealizedthesecret,hewasangry.Doing完成过去时巩固训练：There______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

There______nobusandwehadtowalkhome.

A.wasB.beingC.beD.tobe 2．Thegirl______inaredcoatisMary.

Thegirlis______Marynow.

A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.todress 考点一了解非谓语动词的分类1、定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。2、分类：Reading

aloud

is

very

helpful.He

dropped

the

glass,

breaking

it

into

pieces.Mary

found

it

important

to

study

the

situation

in

Russia.The

window

is

broken.考点二动词ing的定义与作用定义：ing分词分为现在分词和动名词，现在分词和动名词形式一样，都是由v+ing构成，但是在句子中的作用不一样，动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种；动名词具有动词和名词的特征；在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾补。作用▲动词ing形式作主语和宾语观察下列从reading中选取的句子，注意分析Ving形式作的句子成分。Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.自我总结：1,4划线部分作_________;2,3划线部分作_________;概述：动词ing形式具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾补和状语，但不能单独作谓语。一、动词ing形式作主语动词ing作主语和宾语时也称作为动名词。动名词作主语往往表示经常性的、习惯性的动作或表示抽象的概念，通常直接置于句首，谓语动词用_________。动名词在句中有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。例：Stayingupisnotagoodhabit.熬夜不是个好习惯。ReadingaloudisagoodwayinlearningEnglish.大声朗读是一种好的学习英语的方法。常用ing形式作主语的常考句型:

It+be+awasteoftimedoing...做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing...做……是无益/用的Itisworthdoing...做...值得的例：ItisawasteoftimetryingtoarguewithSherlock.和夏洛克争辩是浪费时间的。Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?努力解释有任何好处吗?ItisworthreadingthebookHarryPotter.《哈利波特》这本书值得一读。二、动词ing形式作宾语动名词可以作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。如:Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?请把你的收音机音量调小一点儿,好吗?Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim.我横穿街道以便避开他。※知识补充：习惯上接动名词作宾语的动词:admit承认advise建议stand忍受permit允许 forbid禁止 appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱excuse原谅 finish完成forgive原谅imagine设想;想象 keep保持 mind介意miss错过practice练习risk冒险suggest建议resist抵制 dislike不喜欢fancy设想;想象2.接动名词作宾语的短语:putoff推迟 insiston坚持 feellike想要 depend/relyon依靠objectto反对 leadto导致 succeedin成功做…… beworth值得devote...to...献身于……lookforwardto期盼owingto归因于giveup放弃payattentionto注意stickto坚持contribute...to致力于applyoneselfto致力于getdownto开始认真干……be/getusedto习惯于befondof喜欢begoodat擅长于what/howabout...……怎么样bebusy(in)doing忙于can’thelpdoing禁不住;忍不住spend...(in)doingsth花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做……有困难下列动词及动词短语后跟动词ing和不定式都可以，但意义不同。动词接动词ing作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事can'thelp禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事goon继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事attempt,begin,start,prefer,intend等后接动词ing或不定式作宾语均可,意义没有区别。【例题分析】Ican’tstand(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.It

is

widely

believed

that(form)

a

good

habit

will

benefit

us

all

our

lives.Aboveall,Ihaveetounderstandthat___________(bring)happinesstoothersisgettingourselveshappiness.Isthereanythingworth(buy)?

▲动词ing形式作定语和表语观察下列从reading中选取的句子，注意分析Ving形式作的句子成分。Noonewaseverboredwatchinghimhissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld.Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.自我总结：划线部分分别作_________;_________;_________;Ving形式作定语Ving形式包括现在分词与动名词，他们的形式相同，都可作定语，但连着还是有以下区别的。现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的_________，即被修饰的词执行现在分词所表示的的这个动作，相当于一个定语从句。如：awaitingman=amanwhoiswaitingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping动名词作定语，与被修饰词之间没有这种关系，它仅表示一种，意为“作...用”。如：aswimmingpool；thereadingroom；asleepingcar=acarforsleeping（卧铺车厢）（3）体验：Ving是作动名词还是现在分词？Wemustimproveourworkingmethod.(_________)我们必须改进工作方法。Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.(_________)他们将手术台设在一座小庙里。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(_________)中国是发展中国家。Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.(_________)正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。（4）注意：现在分词和现在分词短语都可作定语，单个现在分词一般作前置定语，现在分词短语则作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。1、developingcountry单个现在分词一般作前置定语；特殊情况：修饰不定代词时，现在分词放在其后————somethingdeveloping2、themanvisitingJapan=themanwhoisvisitingJapan现在分词短语则作后置定语；Ving形式作表语动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语表示__________________的动作。HisjobisteachingEnglish.动名词作表语表示_________，可以把主语和表语_________。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实）（3）现在分词作表语说明，此时主语和表语交换位置。常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。Themusicissoexciting.Thebookissointeresting.Ving形式作宾语补足语动名词不作宾语补足语；现在分词作宾语补足语主要用在某些动词如see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等后，与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语。这时句子的宾语和Ving之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，并且Ving表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：Isawhimopeningthewindow.Ving形式和不定式（todo）作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词表示动作正在进行，而不定式表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。对比：Isawhimopeningthewindow.Isawhimopenthewindow.注意：在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后，跟省略了to的不定式做宾补，但在被动语态中，应加上“to”。试一下把“Isawhimopenthewindow.”改被动语态：【例题分析】1.Aliensaidthathistripwas___________(interest).2.It'snouse__________(argue)withhim.Youmightaswell________(argue)withastonewall.3.Theoldman's_________(take)pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.Itis________(shock)thatsomeinvestmentbanksevenjudgecandidatesbywhethertheywearbrownshoes.Withsomanypeople________(look)athim,hefeltverynervous.▲动词ing形式作状语一、Ving形式作状语的句法功能(1)作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.=Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.听到有人在敲门,他们停止了谈话。作原因状语(相当于一个原因状语从句)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.因为生病了,昨天他没去上学。作伴随状语(动词ing形式表示的动作与_________表示的动作_________,相当于并列谓语)Theystoodthere,waitingforthebus.=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.他们站在那儿等公共汽车。(4)作方式状语(相当于一个并列句)Hediedagloriousdeath,fightingtheenemyforthepeople.=Hediedagloriousdeath,andhefoughttheenemyforthepeople.他为了群众同敌人搏斗,光荣牺牲了。(5)作结果状语Herhusbanddiedlastyear,leavingherwiththreechildren.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三个孩子。二、使用动词ing作状语应注意的问题(1)动词ing作状语，其逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，否则，要用独立主格结构。例句：Ridingahorseordrivingacar,youshouldlearntocontrolit.无论是骑马还是驾车，你都应该学会控制它。Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking总的来说；judgingfrom/by根据……判断；speakingof说到……；talkingof谈到……；franklyspeaking坦率地说；allowingfor考虑到。例句：①Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry．从他的脸色上看，他很生气。②Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。③Franklyspeaking,thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地说，这部车不值得买。注意：这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系。【例题分析】Ilikestayinguplate________(watch)TV,surfingtheInternetordoingsomethingI'mfondof.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.________(see)thepolice,thethievesranaway.考点三、动词ing的结构形式；语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式doing完成式1、动词ing形式的一般式(doing),可以表示；Iwishyouwouldquitplaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性动作)Chattingwitheachother,weenjoyedourdinner.我们边吃边聊。(与谓语同时发生)2、动词ing形式的完成式(havingdone),表示。Havingfinishedwork,shegotreadytogoshopping.完成工作后，她准备去购物。Havingbeenillfortwoweeks,shefeltratherweak.由于病了两周，她感到身体很虚弱。3、动词ing形式的否定式：not+动词ingNotknowingthis,hedidn’te.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。【查漏补缺】单句语法填空。1.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.2.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,__________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.3.ManyChinesebrands,__________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by

(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo________(work)withstudents.6.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidence____________(suggest)thatthetrendisgrowing.7._______________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.8.Newly－builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,____________(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.9.Thinkaboutthehumanbodyasan_____________(amaze)machine.10.Somedayyoumaybeeitheraspeakeroralistenerinasituation_____________(involve)peoplefromothercountries.11.Itisinthecoldestpartofwinter,withthewind_____________(howl)outside.12._____________(Judge)fromthename,itiseasytoguessthatplayerscanonlyjoiniftheyarefat.13.What'sworse,hiswifeabandonedhim,_____________(leave)himalonewithhissixyearoldyoungerson.【梳理优化】一、常考题型：1.语法填空题2.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中动词ing的解题技巧判定是否用动词ing。方法：看看句子的成分是否用非谓语。找动词的逻辑主语。方法：动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语或是动词修饰的名词。判断主被动关系。方法：动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。用法：充当谓语以外的一切成分。解题步骤：第一步：辨别“谓与非谓”第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第三步：判断语态第四步：分析时态根本特征：现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义动词ing一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生【强化巩固】用适当的非谓语形式填空BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway1.________(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksand2.________(use)booksthatcansaveyoualotofmoney.What'smore,theyarefarbetter3.___________(pare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofebookonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof4.__________(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders'reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth5.________(buy).Onlinebookstoresoffergreatdiscounts,whichisabigattractionforbooklovers.Forbooklovers,itismostimportant6.________(get)booksintime.Therefore,youneedtofindareliableonlinebookstorethatwillbeable7.___________(provide)fastdeliveries.Herearesometipstousewhen8.________(select)anonlinebookstore.Someonlinebookstoresarepopularforfictionbooks;somearefornonfictionbooksornovels,etc...9.____________(understand)theirspecializationwillhelpyougettherightkindsofbooksintime.Checkwhetheryouwillbebuyingthebooksfromathirdpartysellerordirectlyfromthewebsites.Neverjumpatstoresthatoffercheapprices,asbooks10.________(sell)atsuchlowpricescouldbeinverybadcondition.【课后练习】一、单句语法填空1._____________(be)theremanytimes,sheknowstheplacequitewell.2.________________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.3.AsfarasIamconcerned,hissuggestionisworth____________(consider).4.________(see)fromthispoint,wefindnoeasysolutiontotheproblem.5.Attheendof2015,Chinahadapopulationof1.37billionpeople,atotalof800millionofthem______(be)employed.6.Thebuilding___________(build)nowwillbeaFrenchstylerestaurant.7.Thereisa____________(grow)tendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.8.Keep________(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.9.Thereweremanypeople________(wait)atthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.10.Youcanmakemorefriendsfromdifferentpartsofthecountryby____________(serve)themwhenworkingthere.二、语法填空AccordingtoChinesespeakingpractice,lionisaspecialanimaltoChinesepeople.Apairofstonelions,amale1.____________afemale,are2.____________(mon)seeninfrontofthegatesoftraditionalbuilding.Thelion3.____________(regard)asthekingintheanimalworld,so4.____________(it)imagesrepresentpowerandprestige.Thestonelionsarealsousedtoindicatetheranksofofficials.ItisinterestingtonotethatChinahadnolionsoriginally.Theearlieststonelionsweresculpted5.____________thebeginningoftheEasternHanDynastyfromA.D.25to220with6.____________introductionofBuddhism(佛教)intoancientChina.IntheBuddhistfaith,thelion,7.____________canprotectthetruthandkeepoffevils,isconsideredadivineanimalofnoblenessanddignity.InChinesefolktales,thelionhasbeeasymbolof8.____________(brave),powerandgoodluck.Itwasalsopopulartodecoratebridgeswithstonesculptedlionsforthedefendingreason.The9.____________(well)knownofbridgesistheLugouqiao,10.____________(build)from1189to1192.三、阅读理解WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands. B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers. D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown. B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehu