2024年中考英语阅读理解提分要义-填表型阅读

（5）填表型阅读——2024届中考英语阅读理解提分要义提分要点Step1先表后文,学会预测。“先表后文”指先读表格，了解表格的内容和要求再根据表格的内容和要求快速阅读短文，这样会使阅读带有较强的目的性和针对性。Step2抓住大意，把握细节弄懂大意，充分把握所读材料的细节，尤其是与表格内容直接相关的细节。Step3分类整理，善于归纳对所读材料进行整理、分类，过滤出自己所需要的有用信息。通常情况下，表格所涉及的内容都具有一定的规律性，可能是同一个问题的几个不同方面，也可能是几个不同问题的同一方面，或是几个不同问题的不同方面等。比如涉及几项活动举行的时间、地点、原因、方式等。Step4寻找出处，对号入座每空的所填内容一般可从给出的材料中找到出处或依据，在做题时要充分利用这一特点，将“空格”与“出处”对号入座，然后根据表格中已有信息的表现形式，准确填出所缺内容。同时，值得注意的是，如果表格所填信息与原文中的“出处”基本相同，则可直接对号入座;如果表格信息与原文中的“出处”有较大出入，则要进行适当的转换。Step5注意形式的变化表格中所填词的形式（大小写、时态等）应与表格中所提供的内容一致。提分训练一、①________ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheSciencemuseum.Inmostmuseumthere’snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen’tallowedtotouchtheexhibits(设品).ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It’snoisy!Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheywillseeanddothere,andsomeofthemachinesarenoisyaswell.②________WhenIvisittheScienceMuseum,lgototheLaunchpad(发射台).Thisisthemostpopularroombecausetherearelotsofphysicstests,Wecanalsolearnhowastronautstravelintospaceandbackagainhere.I’mreallyinterestedinthosekindsofthings,soitismyfavoriteroom.③________OnthesecondfloorthereisHumanandNatureroom.Wecanpareourseedwithanimalsthere.Ifwearen'tquickenough,thelionwillcatchus!Therearealsoroomsontransport,theenvironmentandspacetechnology,aswellasmath,physicsandchemistry.④________Wecandoalotofthingsinthismuseum,butwehavetoobeysomerulesaswell.Forexample,wemustn'ttakephotosoftheexhibitsinthemuseum.Butwecanbuypostcardsoftheminthemuseumshops.⑤________Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelikeit'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday.SoifyougotoLondon,makesureyouvisittheScienceMuseum.It'smyfavoritemuseuminthewholeworld.1.根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意。A.ThemuseumrulesB.ThemostpopularroomC.AnoisymuseumD.ManydifferentroomsE.Afreemuseum2.根据短文内容，完成博物馆游客须知。(每空不超过两个词)TheScienceMuseumin①_______________Openingtimes:10:00a.m.6:00p.m.everydayexcept②_____________.Fees(费用):It's③_____________!Stayinsideaslongasyoulike!Rules:Don't④_____________oftheexhibits.Youcanbuypostcardsofthem.Youcan⑤______________whatyouseeanddo.Don'tworryaboutmakingnoises.二、Wukong.Tiangong.Tianwen.DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramsefrom?Wukong,theDarkMatterParticleExplorersatellite(暗物质粒子探测卫星),isnamedafterChinesesuperheroMonkeyKing.AccordingtoJourneytothewest,MonkeyKinghasapairofsharpeyeswhichcantellthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharpeyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace.Thenameofthespacestation,Tiangong,means"HeavenlyPalace".InChinesemyths(神话),thisisthehomeofTianDi.NowTiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.AndChinawelesforeignastronautstoTiangonginorderthattheycanworktogether.Tianwen,China'sMarsmissions(任务),getsitsnamefromthepoemTianwenbyQuYuan.QuYuanisawellknownpoetfromancientChina.InTiamwen,hehadthequestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld,showinghishungerfortruth.PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan'squestions.IfyoulookintomorenamesofChinesespaceprograms,youwillfindthattheyallhavebeautifulmeanings.We,theChinesepeople,havealongcherished(珍藏已久的)spacedream.SoitisserioustotakethenamingofChinesespaceprograms.WhatBeautiful①_____Wukong◆ItisnamedafterChinesesuperheroMonkeyKing.◆TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharpeyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientists②_____fordarkmatterinspace.Tiangong◆Itmeans"HeavenlyPalace"◆TiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.◆Wehopethatastronautsfromother③_____willworktogetherwithusinTiangongSpaceStation.Tianwen◆ItgetsitsnamefromthepoemTiamwenbyQuYuan.◆PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillhelptofindoutthe④_____tosomeofQuYuan'squestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld.Chinesepeoplehavealongcherishedspacedream.SothenamingofChinesespaceprogramsistakenvery⑤_____.三、Animalsplaysomanyimportantrolesinourlives.Some,likecowsandsheep,provideuswithfood;petsareourfriends;otheranimalsworkforus.Aboveall,everyanimal—bigorsmall—canfilluswithasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld.Unluckily,wedon'talwaysvaluethis.Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofouractions,andmillionsofanimalsintheworldarebadlytreated.WorldAnimalDayremindsus,atleastforonedayayear,"tocelebrateanimallifeinallitsforms"and"tobethankfulforthewayinwhichanimalsenrich(使丰富)ourlives."WorldAnimalDaywasstartedin1931inFlorence,Italy.Itmadeuspayattentiontotheproblemofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld.Itisnowcelebratedinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.ThedayfallsonOctober4theveryyear.Allovertheworldonthisday,volunteersraisemoneyforanimalcentersandsocialorganizations.Museumsandzoosorganizespecialevents.Schoolshavealsojoinedanimalprojects.Nomatterwhatisdone,theideaistoremindusoftheimportanceofanimalsandtoshowushowwecouldimproveourrelationshipwithanimals.Ifyouwanttotakepart,youcouldhelpananimalororganizeamoneyraisingeventforalocalcharity.Theimportantthingisjusttakinganactivepart.Weshouldofferanimalsasmuchastheyofferus.Animalsareimportantinourlives.Theyofferus①_____,friendship,helpandasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld.However,ouractionsmakemanykindsofanimalsindanger,andwetreatmillionsofanimals②_____.WorldAnimalDayremindsustobethankfultoanimals.Itwasstartedin1931todrawpeople'sattentiontothe③_____ofendangeredanimals.NowWorldAnimalDayiscelebratedonOctober4theveryyear.Onthisday,manyactivitiesareheldto④_____howtoimprovetherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.Solet'sjustbe⑤_____totakepartandofferanimalsasmuchastheyofferus.四、Whenthefirstpersonlookeduptothesky,people'simaginationofspacebegan.InChina,therearemanystoriesabouttheexploration(探索)ofspace.Thousandsofyearsago,therewasaladynamedChang'ethatflewtotheMoonandlivedtherewitharabbit.It'sjustastoryinmyths(神话).IntheMingDynasty,amannamedWanHuusedamachinewhichwasmadeofachair,somefireworksandakiteasarockettoflytospacebutfailed.Hewasconsideredasthefirsthumanthattriedtoexplorespace.Ourexplorationofspaceneverstoppeduntilitbecamearealityinmoderntimes.Withoutdoubt,Chinesespacetechnologyhasmadegreatprogress.In2003,whenShenzhouVsetoffsuccessfully,YangLiwei'swords"Iamproudofourmotherland"broughttearstooureyes.CarryingtheflyingdreamoftheChinesenationforthousandsofyears,asthefirstspacevisitorofChina,hestartedtheSpaceAgefortheChinese.In2008,ZhaiZhiganginShenzhouVIIhadthefirstChinesespacewalk,"Iamoutofthecapsule(太空舱),andIfeelgood,"hetoldtheworldproudly.Inthenextyears,Chinakeptmakingitswayinordertostepfurtheronexploringspace.Especiallyintherecentyears,ChinahassentupShenzhouXIandShenzhouXV.Sixastronautshavebeensenttospacewithtwowomenincluded.OnMay30,2023,JingHaipeng,ZhuYangzhuandGuiHaichaoinShenzhouXVIweresentintospacesuccessfully.From2003to2023,Chinesepeoplegofartherandfartherinspace,Inthenearfuture,ChinawillsendastronautstotheMoonandexploretheMoon.StoriesaboutChina's①_____ThousandsofyearsagoChang'eflewtotheMooninmyths.IntheMingDynastyWanHumadeamachineandtriedtoexplorespace.In2003YangLiweistarted②_____fortheChinese.In2008ZhaiZhiganghadthefirstChinesespacewalk.InthenextyearsWeChinesepeoplekeptmakingourway③_____wecouldstepfurtheronexploringspace.On④_____ChinasentShenzhouXVIintospacesuccessfully.InthefutureChineseastronauts⑤_____totheMoon.五、Itiseasytoknowifapersonisresting,butdofishrest?Theansweris"Yes".Doyouwanttoknowifafishisresting?Herearesomeways.♦WatchwhatafishisdoingFishmaynotlookliketheyareresting,buttheydohavetheirownwaysofgettingsomerest.Mostfishwillslowdownwhiletheyareresting.Somefishmoveatthebottomofthewater.SomemoveslowlynearthetopofthewaterYoucanknowsomefisharerestingbecausetheystayinoneplace.However,otherfishneverseemtostopmoving.Forexample,somesharkskeepswimmingsothattheycanbreatheinthewater.Althoughthesesharksarealwaysswimming,theymaystillberesting.Theyhaveaspecialorganintheirbodies.Itallowsthemtokeeptheirbodiesmovingwhiletheyareresting.♦Watchhowafishreacts(作出反应)tothingsWhenafishisresting,itwillreactmuchmoreslowly.Ifyouhaveapetfishathome,trygivingyoufishsomefoodwhenitisresting.Thefishwillspendmoretimenoticingthefoodthanitdoeswhenstayingawake.Title:①___________②___________Mostfishwillslowdownwhileresting.Whensomefishareresting,theystayinoneplace.Otherfishneverseemtostopmoving.Somesharkskeepswimminginorderto③___________.Thesharksarealwaysswimming,④___________theymaystillberesting.WatchhowafishreactstothingsWhenafishisresting,itsreaction(反应）willbe⑤___________.Whenafishisresting,itwillspendmoretimenoticingthefoodthanitdoeswhenstayingawake.六、Withahistoryofmorethan1,000years,tiedye（扎染）isaveryoldwayofdyeingclothesinChina,mostpopularinYunnan.DuringtheTangandSongdynasties,peoplegavetiedyedclothestotheemperorsasgifts.In2006,thetiedyetechniquewasaddedtoChina'snationalintangibleculturalheritage（非物质文化遗产）list.AnninginYunnanisknownfortiedye.YangCheng,52,istheinheritor（传承人）oftiedyeinAnning.Helearnedtheskillsfromhismotherinthe1980s.Andhehaspasseditdowntohisdaughter."Tiedyeisworthyoftheeffortsofgenerations（代）ofpeople,"Yangsaid.Yanghasmasteredalltheoldskillsoftiedye.Totiedye,youfirstneedtousethreads（线）totieyourclothtogether.Thenyouputtheclothintothedye.Astheclothisfoldedanddyed,somepartsbeedarkblue,whileotherpartshaveabrightercolor.Whenyouunfoldthecloth,you'llseebeautifulpatterns.Atthesametime,Yanghasstudiedtiedyeinothercountries,suchasJapan,IndiaandFrance.Healsotriestomakesomecreativedesigns.Now,Yangteachestiedyeinschools,munitiesandpanies.Morethan100,000peoplehavelearnedfromhim.Somemightworrythattiedyewillbereplacedbymachinerydyeing.ButYangisconfident."Attheendoftheday,machinescan'treplaceourcreativehands."Yangsaid.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________

答案以及解析一、1.答案：CBDAE解析：①主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句"ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheScienceMuseum.Inmostmuseums,there'snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen'tallowedtotouchtheexhibits（陈设品）.ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy"可知伦敦最不寻常的博物馆是科学博物馆。在大多数博物馆里，没有喊叫和奔跑，人们也不允许触摸展品（陈设品）。但是科学博物馆不同，非常的吵闹，所以答案选C。②主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句"WhenIvisittheScienceMuseum,IgototheLaunchpad（发射台）.Thisisthemostpopularroombecausetherearelotsofphysicstests.Wecanalsolearnhowastronautstravelintospaceandbackagainhere."可知当我参观科学博物馆时，我会去发射台。这是最受欢迎的房间，因为有很多物理测试。我们还可以了解宇航员是如何进入太空并再次回到这里的。所以是最受欢迎的房间，所以答案选B。③主旨大意题。根据第三段最后一句"Therearealsoroomsontransport,theenvironmentandspacetechnology,aswellasmath,physicsandchemistry."可知还有关于交通、环境和空间技术以及数学、物理和化学的房间。所以本段是介绍了很多不同的房间，所以答案选D。④主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句"Wecandoalotofthingsinthismuseum，butwehavetoobeysomerulesaswell."可知我们可以在这个博物馆做很多事情，但是我们也必须遵守一些规则。所以本段是在介绍博物馆的规矩，所以答案选A。⑤主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m."可知最重要的是，科学博物馆是免费的。这意味着我们可以顺道拜访几分钟，或者我们可以想待多久就待多久——从上午10:00到下午6:00营业。所以本段是在说博物馆免费，所以答案选E。2.答案：①London②Monday③free④Takephotos/pictures⑤talkabout/discuss解析：①细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheScienceMuseum.Inmostmuseums,there'snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen'tallowedtotouchtheexhibits（陈设品）"可知伦敦最不寻常的博物馆是科学博物馆。在大多数博物馆里，没有喊叫和奔跑，人们也不允许触摸展品（陈设品）。所以答案为London。②细节理解题。根据第五段第二句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday"可知最重要的是，科学博物馆是免费的。这意味着我们可以顺道拜访几分钟，或者我们可以想待多久就待多久——除了星期一，每天早上10:00到下午6:00营业，所以答案为Monday。③细节理解题。根据第五段第二句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday"可知最重要的是，科学博物馆是免费的。这意味着我们可以顺道拜访几分钟，或者我们可以想待多久就待多久——除了星期一，每天早上10:00到下午6:00营业，所以答案为free。④细节理解题。根据第四段第二句"Forexample,wemustn'ttakephotosoftheexhibitsinthemuseum.Butwecanbuypostcardsoftheminthemuseumshops."可知例如，我们不能给博物馆的展品拍照。但是我们可以在博物馆商店买到它们的明信片。所以答案为Takephotos/pictures。⑤细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy！Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheywillseeanddothere,andsomeofthemachinesarenoisyaswell."可知但是科学博物馆不同。很吵闹，人们可以谈论他们将在那里看到什么和做什么，一些机器也很吵。所以答案为talkabout/discuss。二、答案：①Names②search③countries④answers⑤seriously解析：①根据"DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramsefrom"可知本文主要介绍了中国太空计划的名字的由来，此处用名词复数names，且大写首字母。故填Names。②根据"TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharpeyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace"可知悟空卫星和孙悟空一样敏锐，帮助科学家在太空中寻找暗物质，故填search。③根据"AndChinawelesforeignastronautstoTiangonginorderthattheycanworktogether."可知中国欢迎外国宇航员来到天宫，以便他们能够一起工作，即来自其他国家的宇航员，country"国家"，other后加名词复数。故填countries。④根据"PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan'squestions."可知天问任务最终会回答屈原的一些问题，即找到问题的答案，此处用名词复数answers。故填answers。⑤根据"SoitisserioustotakethenamingofChinesespaceprograms."可知认真对待中国太空计划的命名问题是非常重要的，takesth.seriously"认真对待"。故填seriously。三、答案：①food②badly③problem④show⑤active解析：①本题考查名词。此处对应原文第一段中的"Some...provideuswithfood;petsareourfriends;otheranimalsworkforus.Aboveall,everyanimal...canfilluswithasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld"。设空处作动词offer的直接宾语，故填名词food。②本题考查副词。此处对应原文第二段中的"Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofouractions,andmillionsofanimalsintheworldarebadlytreated"。设空处修饰动词treat,应用副词，故填badly。③本题考查名词。此处对应原文第三段中的"Itmadeuspayattentiontotheproblemofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld"。设空处作介词to的宾语，且其前有冠词修饰，应用名词，故填problem。④本题考查动词。此处对应原文第四段中的"theideais...toshowushowwecouldimproveourrelationshipwithanimals"。设空前的to为动词不定式符号，其后应填动词原形，故填show。⑤本题考查形容词。此处对应原文第五段中的"Theimportantthingisjusttakinganactivepart"。设空处位于be后且其前无冠词，可填形容词，此处表示"积极"参与，故填active。四、答案：①explorationofspace②theSpaceAge③sothat④May30,2023⑤willbesent解析：①根据"InChina,therearemanystoriesabouttheexploration(探索)ofspace."可知，讲述中国关于太空探索的故事。故填explorationofspace。②根据"CarryingtheflyingdreamoftheChinesenationforthousandsofyears,asthefirstspacevisitorofChina,hestartedtheSpaceAgefortheChinese."可知，他承载着中华民族几千年的飞行梦想，作为中国第一位太空访客，开启了中国人的太空时代。故填theSpaceAge。③根据"Inthenextyears,Chinakeptmakingitswayinordertostepfurtheronexploringspace."可知，在接下来的几年里，中国为了进一步探索太空而不断前进。inordertodo可替换为sothat+从句，故填sothat。④根据"OnMay30,2023,JingHaipeng,