2023年高考英语一轮考点复习必修第一册UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERS

练案[5]必修第一册UNIT4NATURAL

DISASTERS

I.完形填空

(2023•苏锡常镇四市一调)

IwasdrivingonthefreewaywhenIsawasign.ltl.Adriversthatchains

wouldberequiredtocrossthemountain.lttookmequitesometimetogetthechains

on.WhenIgottoaspotwhereitwasnolongersnowing,ItookthechainsoffsoI

coulddriveata(n)2.Cspeed.

Suddenly,I3.Banothersnowy,icypatchintheroad.Mycarspunoutintoa

snowdrift.Ithoughtof4.Dsometreebranchesandplacingthemundermytires,

butitwassocoldoutsidethatmyhandsweren'tworking5.A.1gotinsidethecar

andcalledAmericanAutomobileAssociation(AAA).

ARussianmancameuptomywindowandsaidhello.BeforeIcouldsaytoo

much,heandhisthreesonswerealready6.Ctopushmycar.Igotoutofmycar

and7.Bthem.

ItwaspastmidnightandtheycouldhavedecidedthatAAAwould8.Athe

situationafterourinitial9.Dfailed.Yet,theystayedwithmefornearly45

minutesaswekepttrying10.Cthingstogetthecaroutofthesnow,insistentthat

theywouldn'tleaveuntilIwas1LD.

Atfirst,Iwasalittle12.Aaboutbeingstuckinthefreezingweatheratsuch

alatehour,buttheircheerfulattitudechangedthewhole13.Bandliftedmy

spirits.

Afternearly45minutesofhardworkwhenmycarwasfinallyfree,theydidn*t

even14.Caroundlongenoughformetogettheirnames.Theyjustrantoward

theirtruck,15.Dabitontheice,andyelledback“DriveSlowly”,liketrue

smileheroes!

语篇导读：“我”在山上驾车时被困在雪中，在打电话求救后的等待过程中，

“我”偶遇了好心人。在他们的帮助下，“我”脱离了困境。

1.A.warnedB.encouraged

C.promisedD.taught

解析：根据空后的“chainswouldberequiredtocrossthemountain”可矢口，标牌

上提醒司机说，穿越此山需要给车加防滑链。故选A。

2.A.slowB.average

C.normalD.top

解析：根据空前的“WhenIgottoaspot...snowing,Itookthechainsoff”可

知，到达不再下雪的地点时，“我”取下链条，让汽车以正常速度行驶。故选C。

3.A.missedoutB.cameupon

C.lookedforD.pulledoff

解析:根据空前的“Suddenly”和空后的“spunoutintoasnowdrift"可知，"我”

突然遇到了另一个被雪覆盖的结冰的地方。comeupon“偶然遇见”符合语境。

missout"错失机会,遗漏”；pulloff"做成,驶离（道路）”。故选Bo

4.A.removingB.burning

C.destroyingD.breaking

解析：根据空后的“sometreebranches...tires”并结合常识可知，"我"想折断

一些树枝，垫到轮胎下面。故选D。

5.A.properlyB.casually

C.creativelyD.comfortably

解析：根据空前的“itwassocoldoutside”可知，由于外面太寒冷，“我”的

手无法正常活动。故选A。

6.A.proposingB.continuing

C.startingD.claiming

解析：根据空前的“werealready”和语境可知，“我”还没来得及说太多，

他和他的三个儿子已经开始推“我”的汽车了。故选C。

7.A.urgedB.joined

C・stoppedD.left

解析：根据空前的“gotoutofmycar”和语境可知，“我”从汽车中出来，加

入他们当中。故选B。

8.A.handleB.improve

C.reviseD.clarify

解析：根据语境可知，已经过了午夜，他们本可以让美国汽车协会来处理这

种情况的。故选A。

9.A.preparationsB.appeals

C.impressionsD.attempts

解析：根据空后的“kepttrying”可知，最初的尝试都失败了。故选D。

10.A.typicalB.unique

C.differentD.difficult

解析：根据空后的“togetthecaroutofthesnow”，并结合常识可知，为了让

汽车从雪里出来，我们不断尝试不同的方法。故选C。

11.A.approachedB.forgiven

C.protectedD.freed

解析：根据最后一段第一句中的“free”再结合该句语境可知，他们坚持要等

“我”脱身后再离开。故选D。

12.A.concernedB.anxious

C.awkwardD.confused

解析：根据空后的“beingstuckinthefreezingweather"再结合常识可知，开

始时“我”还有点担心这么晚还困在这么冷的天气里。故选A。

13.A.analysisB.situation

C.definitionD.truth

解析：根据空前的'cheerfulattitude”可知，他们乐观的态度改变了整个局面，

也振奋了“我”的情绪。故选B。

14.A.playB.walk

C.stickD.glance

解析：根据空后的“ongenoughformetogettheirnames”可知，经过近45分

钟的辛苦工作，“我”的车终于重获自由，但他们没待多久，甚至没等“我”知

道他们的名字。故选C。

15.A.movedB.recovered

C.dashedD.slid

解析：根据空后的“ontheice"再结合常识可知，他们跑向自己的卡车,在

冰上滑了一下。故选D。

II.阅读理解

（2023.南京市六校联合体调研）

Naturaldisasterstakemanydifferentformsandcanhappenwithout

warning.Earthquakes,floods,volcanoes,drought,typhoonsandhurricanesareall

naturaldisasters.

TheearthquakeonDecember26th,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnatural

disastersinlivingmemory.ltwasamassiveunderwaterquakeandoccurredinthe

IndianOcean.ThiscausedahugetsunamitocrosstheIndianOcean.ltdestroyed

coastlinesandcommunitiesandbroughtdeathanddestructiontomanypeople.The

survivorsneededfreshwater,foodandsheltersaswellasmedicalhelp.Peoplefrom

allovertheworldgavemoneysothattownsandvillagescouldberebuilt.

Thesurfaceoftheearthdidnotalwayslookasitdoestoday；itismoving

continuouslyandhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisonecauseofearthquakes,

whenonesectionoftheearthcollideswithanother.Scientistscanpredictwherethis

mighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.However,earthquakes

donotalwayshappenonfaultlines,whichiswhytheyaresodangerousand

unpredictable.

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth*scrust（地壳）isthin一lava,dustandgases

eruptfrombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoamassiveconeshape一likea

mountain—anderupt,ortheycanbesoviolentthattheyjustexplodedirectlyfrom

theearthwithnowarning.

HurricanesareextremelystrongstormsandoftenhappenintheCaribbean.They

causehighwinds,hugewaves,andheavyfloodingandcancrosshundredsofmiles.

Floodshappeninmanycountriesafterveryheavyrainfall.Whenrainpoursfor

weeksatatimeandriversoverflow,peopleandpropertycanbetrappedorsimply

washedaway.

Anotherkindofnaturaldisasterisdrought.Thishappenswhenthereisno

water-whenitdoesn'trainforalongtimeandriversdryup.Thiscausescropstofail,

animalstodieandsadly,peopletostarve.

Allthesedisastersareverydangerous,buttheyarenowherenearthemost

dangerous.Onetypeofeventintheearth'shistoryhasregularlykilledmillionsof

beings：theasteroid（小行星）impact,whichcausesmassivedestructionandsometimes

killsentirespecies,includingallthedinosaurs.Disastersontheearthmayseem

dangerous,butthebiggestthreattohumansislikelytocomefromspace.

语篇导读：本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，包括地震、火山、飓风、

洪水、干旱等。作者认为，对人类而言最大的灾难可能来自太空。

1.Whatdidpeoplefromallovertheworlddowhenthetsunamioccurredinthe

IndianOcean?_C—

A.Theyaidedthesearchforthevictims.

B.Theygaveawaymoneytothebeggars.

C.Theyofferedsponsorshiptohelpthesurvivors.

D.Theyrebuiltthecoastlinesandcommunities.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesurvivorsneeded...couldberebuilt.

可知，印度洋海啸的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及医疗帮助，来自世界各

地的人们捐了款，以帮助他们重建家园。故选C。

2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?_A—

A.Whyearthquakeshappen.

B.Whatearthquakesdestroy.

C.Howwecanpreventearthquakes.

D.Whenearthquakeshappen.

解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了地震发生的原因

之一：地球不停地转动，板块碰撞时便会发生地震。故选A。

3.Whichnaturaldisasterdoestheauthorthinkthemostdangerous?A

A.Theasteroidimpact.

B.Thetsunami.

C.Drought.

D.Thehurricane.

解析：细节理解题。根据本文尾段内容可知，作者认为最危险的自然灾害是

小行星撞击。故选A。

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?_B_

A.TheHistoryofNaturalDisasters

B-TheTypesofNaturalDisasters

C.TheOutcomeofNaturalDisasters

D.ThePredictionofNaturalDisasters

解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句"Naturaldisasterstake…without

warning."为全文主旨句；再结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然

灾害，故B项最适合作本文标题。故选B。

III.七选五

（2023•河北省五校联盟一模）

Owls（猫头鹰）aresofamousfortheirnighttimeactivitiesthatthephrase"night

owl“isusedtodescribepeoplewhostayuplate.l.B.That'sbecausesomeowlsare

activedaytimehunters.Duringthedaytime,thenorthernhawkowlandthenorthern

pygmyowlarehuntingformeals,makingthemdiurnal-thatis,activeduringthe

daytime.Moreover,it'snotuncommontospotasnowyowlorburrowingowlduring

theday,dependingontheseasonandfoodavailability.Stillothershuntduringboththe

dayandnight,aswellasdaybreakandnightfall.

2.G.Forinstance,thenorthernpygmyowlhasapreferenceforsongbirds,

whichareawakeduringtheday.Thenorthernhawkowl,whichhuntsduringtheday,

aswellasatdaybreakandnightfall,eatssmallbirdsandotherdiurnalanimals.

Asthenorthernhawkowl'snameimplies,itlooksquitehawkish.

3.D.However,it'sunclearwhetherthecommonancestortheysharedwasdiurnal,

likethehawk,ornocturnal-thatis,activeatnight,likemostowls.

However,nocturnalowlscertainlygetadvantagesfromtheirnighttimeactivities.

4.A,bothofwhichhelpthemexcelatnighttimehunting.Besides,thecoverof

darknesshelpsnocturnalowlsavoidpredators（捕食者），aswellasattackprey,

principallybecausetheirfeathershardlymakeanynoisewhentheyfly.

Whetherowlsarenocturnalordiurnal,expertscredittheirsuccesstothe

birds'flexibilityandadaptability."Somehuntspecificpreyataspecifictime,dayor

night.5.E,"anexpertsaid.

A.Owlshaveexcellentvisionandhearing

B.Butthesayingisactuallyabitmisleading

C.Thosespeciesarewell-equippedfornightlife

D.That'sbecauseowlsandhawksarecloselyrelated

E.Othersaremoregeneralandmoreabletoadapttowhat'sneeded

F.Owlsdon*tquiteasclearlyfallintonocturnalanddiurnalasotheranimals

G.Thereasonbehindthesevaryingsleepscheduleslargelyhastodowithprey

availability

语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了猫头鹰的捕食习性。

解析：

1.语境&逻辑推断。设空处上文提到，猫头鹰因其夜间活动而为人们所知，

"夜猫子”一词用来描述熬夜的人；设空处下文“That'sbecausesomeowlsare

activedaytimehunters.”与设空处构成因果关系，应是对设空处内容做出解释，且

activedaytimehunter与设空处前的nighttimeactivities形成对比故设空处应表示

转折，对“夜猫子”这种说法提出质疑。B项（但这种说法实际上有一些误导作

用）承上启下，符合语境，选项中的thesaying指代前文的nightowl0故选Bo

2.语境&逻辑推断。设空处位于本段首句，应为本段的主题句。根据空后

内容“thenorthernpygmyhasapreferenceforsongbirds”以及"Thenorthernhawk

owl...eatssmallbirdsandotherdiurnalanimals.”可知，猫头鹰的捕食习性与其猎物

的作息有直接关系，且由空后的Forinstance可知，设空后的句子是对设空处内

容进行具体举例，故设空处应是说明猫头鹰在捕食方面的习性。G项（这些不同

的作息时间与猎物的可获得性有很大关系）弓I出下文，符合语境，选项中的these

varyingsleepschedules指代上一段提到的猫头鹰的不同作息时间。故选Go

3.语境&逻辑推断。设空处前提到北方鹰鸽在外形上与鹰十分相似，空后

则说尚不清楚鹰与猫头鹰的共同祖先是昼行性动物还是夜行性动物，由空后的

However可知，空后内容应与设空处内容形成转折。D项（这是因为猫头鹰和鹰

关系十分紧密）对空前内容做出解释，并与空后的thecommonancestor相呼应，

且空后的they指代选项中的owlsandhawks。故选Do

4.考查语境推断。设空处上文提到夜行性猫头鹰在夜间活动中具有优势，

空后则说明有两种特征帮助他们在夜间进行捕食。A项（猫头鹰有卓越的视力和

听力）承上启下，符合语境，空后的which指代选项中的visionandhearing.,故选

Ao

5.语境&逻辑推断。根据空前内容可知，本段主要介绍专家对猫头鹰的灵

活性和适应性进行了高度评价。空前一句提到一些猫头鹰在昼夜的特定时间捕食

特定的猎物，设空处应是描述与之相反的情况。E项（其他猫头鹰的捕食对象更

为广泛，且更能适应捕食对象的作息）承接上文，符合语境，且与上文构成

Some...Other殉式。故选E。

IV.语法填空

（2023・大连高三质检）

Covering7millionsquarekilometersofjungleandtheriverovereightcountries,

theAmazonrainforestishometomillionsofsortsofplantsandanimals,someof

1.whicharestillbeingdiscoveredtoday.It'salsotheworld's2.1argest（large）

supplierofoxygenandisatreasurechestofmedical3.researchers(researcher)

whoareexperimentingwithdifferentplantsinthehopeoffindingcuresforcertain

diseases.4.However,theworldisattheriskoflosingthisrichrainforestbecauseof

deforestation(滥伐森林)5.caused(cause)bytheactionsoffarmers,loggersand

settlers.

TheAmazonBasin6.haslost(lose)20%ofitsrainforestsince197O.Cattle

farmershave7.continuously(continuous)clearedthelandforcows8.toeat

(eat)onandcropfarmershavebegunslashandbum(刀耕火种)，afarming