小学英语被动语态学习

被动语态

一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：

英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)

例：TheyspeakEnglish.（主动语态）

主谓宾

Englishisspokenbythem.（被动语态）

主谓介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

例：⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.

主谓宾

→Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.

主谓介词短语

⑵Ｗelaughedathim.

→Hewaslaughedatbyus.

二、被动语态的结构与用法：

㈠结构：be+done(过去分词)

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

㈡用法：

例：①Historyismadebythepeople.(一般现在时)

②ThecarsweremadeinTianjinin1995.(一般过去时)

③Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时)

④Ｔheroommustbekeptclean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）

⑤Thedoorisbeingopened.（现在进行时）

时态动词的被动形式例句

一般现在时isdoneHeisaskedtodothis.

一般过去时wasdoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.

一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.

现在进行时isbeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.

三、被动语态的各种句型：

１、Ｔhesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)

２、Ｔhesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople（否定句）

３、Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）

４、Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?（特殊疑问句）

四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：

方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语

⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态)

⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去

例：Themankilledatiger.

→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)

五、特殊句型的被动语态：

⑴含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。

例：①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.

→Iamoftenmadetodosomehouseworkbymother.

②Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.

→Hewasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.

⑵teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。

例：①Shegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.

→Iwasgivenapenbyher.

→Apenwasgiventomebyher.

②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.

→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.

→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.

⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例)

例：①Ｗeshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.

→Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus).

②Hetookawaythebox..

→Theboxwastakenawaybyhim.

⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）

例：①WecallhimXiaoMa.

主谓宾宾补

→ＨeiscalledXiaoMabyus.

②Hefoundthebookveryinteresting.

→Thebookwasfoundveryinterestingbyhim.

六、没有被动语态的动词：

1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have,suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen=takeplace,breakout(爆发)，breakdown(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如resultfrom(缘于)，belongto,consistof等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态

２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,last,lie,remain,sit,spread（传播）,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,...

３.大多数系动词：be,feel(摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：①Ｔheskirtfeelsverysoft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。

②Manychangeshavehappenedinourhometown.

③Thefilmlastedfor3hours.英语初中不规则动词过去式和过去分词表*iswasbeen是*arewerebeen是awakeawokeawoke唤醒bearboreborn忍受beatbeatbeaten打，敲打becomebecamebecome成为，变成*beginbeganbegun开始betbetbet打赌blowblewblown吹breakbrokebroken打坏，打破*bringbroughtbrought带来*buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建设burnburntburnt燃烧*buyboughtbought买catchcaughtcaught揪住，抓住*cancould能，会choosechosechosen选择*comecamecame来costcostcost花费cutcutcut砍，切*dodiddone做*doesdiddone做dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt做梦*drinkdrankdrunk喝drivedrovedriven驾驶，开车*eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下，跌倒feedfedfed喂养feelfeltfelt感觉fightfoughtfought打架*findfoundfound发现，找到flyflewflown飞行forgetforgotforgotten/forgot忘记freezefrozefrozen结冰*getgotgot/gotten得到*givegavegiven给予*gowentgone走，去growgrewgrown成长，种植hanghung/hangedhung/hanged吊，悬挂*havehadhad有*hashadhad有hearheardheard听见hithithit打，击holdheldheld举办，容纳hurthurthurt伤害keepkeptkept保持，喂养*knowknewknown知道，了解laylaidlaid下蛋，平躺*learnlearnt/learntlearnt学习*leaveleftleft离开，留下lendlentlent借给*letletlet让*lielaylain躺下*loselostlost丢失*makemademade制造，制作meanmeantmeant意思是，意味着*meetmetmet遇见*maymight可以mistakemistookmistaken犯错mustmust必须paypaidpaid付钱，赔偿*putputput挂*readreadread读rideroderidden骑，乘ringrangrung(钟/铃)响，鸣riseroserisen升起*runranrun跑*saysaidsaid说*seesawseen看见*sellsoldsold卖*sendsentsent寄，送;派setsetset安装shakeshookshaken摇动，摆动shallshould将shineshone/shinedshone/shined照耀*showshowedshown/showed显示shutshutshut关singsangsung唱sinksanksunk下沉*sitsatsat坐*sleepsleptslept睡smellsmeltsmelt嗅*speakspokespoken说spellspeltspelt拼读，拼写*spendspentspent花费，度过spillspiltsplit溅，洒spitspatspat吐痰spoilspoiltspoilt糟蹋*standstoodstood站stealstolestolen偷sweepsweptswept打扫*swimswamswum游泳*taketooktook带去，花费，乘*teachtaughttaught教*telltoldtold告诉*thinkthoughtthought想，思考throwthrewthrown扔，投，掷understandunderstoodunderstood明白wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked醒*wearworeworn穿戴winwonwon获胜*writewrotewritten写*willwould将，愿练习1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build

2.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven

5.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom6.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding7.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought8.--When___thiskindofcomputer______?

--Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;used

C.is;usedD.are;used

9.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed10.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtous

C.istoldusD.toldus

12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

13.Olderpeople____well.

A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafter

C.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

14.Doyouth