2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业22必修5TheUnitedKingdom

课时作业22TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.阅读理解AAnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.Andanyonewhohastriedtolearntoplaytheviolinorotherinstrumentscanreportsimilarchallenges.NowresearchershavefoundthatpeoplewithmusicaltraininghaveaneasiertimelearningChinese.WritingintheonlineeditionofNatureNeuroscience,researchersfromNorthwesternOneofthestudy'sauthors,NinaKraus,saidthefindingssuggestedthatstudyingmusic“actuallytunesoursensorysystem”.Thismeansthatschoolsthatwantchildrentodowellinlanguagesshouldhesitatebeforecuttingmusicprograms,DrKraussaid.Shesaidmusictrainingmightalsohelpchildrenwithlanguageproblems.Mandarin(普通话)speakershavebeenshowntohaveamoreplexencoding(编码)ofpitchpatternsintheirbrainsthanEnglishspeakersdo.ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asingle­syllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.Forthisstudy,theresearcherslookedat20non­Chinesespeakingvolunteers,halfwithnomusicalbackgroundandhalfwhohavestudiedaninstrumentforatleastsixyears.Astheywereshownamovie,thevolunteersalsoheardanaudiotapeoftheMandarinword“mi”inthreeofitsmeanings:squint,bewilderandrice.Theresearchersrecordedactivitiesintheirbrainstemstoseehowwelltheywereprocessingthesounds.ThosewithamusicbackgroundshowedmuchmorebrainactivitiesinresponsetotheChinesesounds.Theleadauthorofthestudy,PatrickC．M.Wong,saiditmightworkbothways.Itappearsthatnativespeakersoftonallanguagesmaydobetteratlearninginstruments.本文是一篇说明文。任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。目前有研究人员发现，受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易。1．WhenlearningChinese,aforeignerwillfind________.A．hehasadifficulttimelearningmusicatthesametimeB．hehasaneasiertimelearningmusicatthesametimeC．itishardtomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstandD．itiseasytousethebraintohelphimdiscoverchangesinpitch答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中AnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.可知，任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。故选C项。2．WhydoesChineselearninghavesomethingtodowithmusictraining?A．BecausethereisthesamedifficultyinlearningChineseandmusic.B．Becauseskillstolearnthetwomakeuseofthesamepartsofthebrain.C．Becausemusictrainingmighthelppeoplewithlanguagestudy.D．BecausepeoplewhodowellinChinesestudydowellinmusic.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中researchersfromNorthwesternUniversitysaythatbothskillsdrawonthesamepartsofthebrainthathelppeoplediscoverchangesinpitch.可知，学习汉语和音乐训练用到的是都是大脑相同的部位。这些部位有助于帮助人们发现音调中的变化。故学习汉语和音乐训练有关系。所以为什么中文学习与音乐训练有关是因为学习两种技能需要用到大脑相同的部位。故选B项。3．Theunderlinedword“intoned”inthefourthparagraphcanbereplacedbytheword“________”．A．created B．spelledC．seemed D．pronounced答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asinglesyllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.可知，在普通话和其他亚洲语言中，音调起着中心作用。对一个单音节词而言，当人们对这个词发出不同的音调时，那么，这个词就表达出不同的意思。在第六段中以“mi”为例，这个词不同的音调就代表着不同的意思。故画线单词表达的应是人们对一个单音节词的“发音”，故选D项。BL．M.Pei,theChinese­American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramindsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtofasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms...His_versatility_and_skill_in_the_use_of_materials_approach_the_level_of_poetry”．AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowd­pleasingmuseumsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(几何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,L．M.Peiwasgood­humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation(创新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑艺术方面所取得的成就。4．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreD．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvre答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover”可知，最终，法国人以及全世界都被(他的精妙设计)折服，所以贝聿铭对巴黎卢浮宫进行的改建是成功的。故选B。5．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftenbinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.答案：A解析：句意理解题。画线部分意为“他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界”。A项意为“他在应用材料方面是一个大师”，与画线部分意思相吻合，故选A。6．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．abcd B．bacdC．bcad D．dacb答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章的第三至五段可知，在麻省理工学院和哈佛学习建筑发生在1955年之前，为JohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum做设计发生在1964年，设计华盛顿国家美术馆东馆是在1978年，赢得第五届普利兹克建筑奖在1983年。故选B。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutL．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(几何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle”可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑外形都以简单的几何图形为基础，故他喜欢用简单的几何图形。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空Iwascyclingandnoticedaperson,aboutaquarterofakilometerinfrontofme.Icouldtellhewascyclingalittleslowerthanmeand__1__totrytocatchupwithhim.Ihadaboutakilometertogoontheroad__2__turningoff.SoI__3__cyclingfasterandfasterandevery__4__，Iwasgainingonhimjustalittlebit.AfterjustafewminutesIwasonlyabout100yards__5__him,soIreallypickedupthepaceand__6__myself.Youwouldhave__7__IwascyclinginthelastsectionoftheLondonOlympictriathlon.__8__Icaughtupwithhimandpassedbyhim.OntheinsideIfeltsogood.Ibeathim,ofcourse,buthedidn'tevenknowwewere__9__.AfterIpassedhim,I__10__thatIhadbeensofocusedonpetingagainsthimthatIhadmissedmyturn.Ihadgonenearlysixblockspastitandhadtoturnaroundandgoallthewayback.Isn'tthatwhathappensinlifewhenwe__11__petingwithco­workers,neighbors,andfriends,tryingtoprovethatwearemoresuccessfulormoreimportant?Wespendourtimeand__12__chasingafterthemandwemissoutonourownpathstoourfuture.The__13__ofunhealthypetitionisthatit'saneverendingcycle.Andtherewillalwaysbesomebodyaheadofyou,someonewitha__14__job,moremoneyandmoreeducation,etc.Therefore,justtakewhatlifehasgivenyou,yourheight,weightandpersonality.Stayfocusedandliveapeacefullife.There'sno__15__inlife.Runyourownraceandwishotherswell!有一次骑自行车时，我注意到前方不远处也有人在骑车。为了超过前面的人，我加快了骑车速度，之后虽然赶上了他，却错过了自己的转弯处。人生也是如此，不要总是关注和同事、邻居、朋友之间的竞争，总会有人比你有更好的工作、更多的钱、接受更多的教育。走好自己的路，人生本没有“竞争”。1．A.failed B．decidedC．agreed D．forgot答案：B解析：根据语境和第8空后的“Icaughtupwithhim”可知，我看到前面有一个骑自行车的人比我骑得慢，我决定追上他。2．A.before B．afterC．unless D．when答案：A解析：根据下文“我”错过转弯处要原路返回可知，此处表示在转弯之前，我还要走大约一公里。3．A.stopped B．enjoyedC．started D．regretted答案：C解析：根据上文可知，我想赶上前面骑自行车的人，所以我开始越骑越快。4．A.way B．blockC．step D．time答案：B解析：根据下文第四段尾句中的“sixblocks”并结合常识可知，每经过一个街区，我都接近他一点。5．A.apartfrom B．aboveC．aheadof D．behind答案：D解析：根据上文我渐渐接近他可知，几分钟后，我只距离他身后大约100码。6．Aforted B．protectedC．pushed D．supported答案：C解析：根据语境可知，几分钟后，我只落后他100码左右，所以我加快了速度，给自己加把劲。pushoneself意为“给某人加把劲”。7．A.thought