中考英语二轮复习课件：名词

名词[知识导图][考情分析]考查角度考查题型及频次具体考查内容抽象名词词义辨析单项填空(10年10考)(2023．21)完形填空(10年30考)/考查角度考查题型及频次具体考查内容同类名词词义辨析完形填空(10年32考)实物类(10年11考)、地点方位类(10年6考)、人物类(10年5考)、时间与空间类(10年5考)、自然类(10年3考)、身体类(2013．55，2013．67)，其中(2023．31，2023．33，2023．39，2023．46)对以上内容皆有考查考点1名词词义辨析1．(2023·滁州校联考一模)—MissYang,doyouthinkIcanrealizemydream?—Sure．You'llalwayshavethe________tobesuccessfulifyoukeepworkingonit．A．chanceB．Result

C．need D．action答案：A2．(2022·芜湖二模)—Wow，yourgrandparentsarefullof________andtheylooksoyoung．—That'sbecausetheykeeponexercising．A．pain B．troubleC．courage D．energy答案：D3．(2022·合肥45中三模)Everyonetakesinterestinnewthings，butstartingwith________isalwaysthemostdifficult．A．courage B．trustC．progress D．pride答案：A4．(2022·六安舒城四校交流)—Thesunisimpor-tanttous．Itprovidesuswithlightand________．—Iagreewithyou．Withoutthesun，therewillbenolifeontheearth．A．beauty B．peaceC．heat D．wealth答案：C名词的辨析旨在考查学生能否通过对上下文的理解，使用合适的词汇。考查形式主要有以下三种：1．一词多义一词多义指某个名词具有两种或两种以上的常见意义，在不同的语言环境中有不同的意义。orange橘子(汁)；橘黄色

fish鱼；鱼肉chicken小鸡；鸡肉

paper纸；报纸；试卷time时间；次数

glass玻璃；玻璃杯2．近义词辨析近义词指某几个名词在意义上比较相近，但使用范围却有差别。英语中的近义词比较多，考试中出现频率较高的近义词有以下几组：home，family，house家problem，question，trouble问题job，work工作sound，voice，noise声音news，message，information信息travel，trip，journey旅行3．语境辨词语境辨词就是运用我们的生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文推测出空格处所要表达的意思，从而选出正确的词语。我们渴了就需要水(water)、饮料(tea，coffee，juice)；饿了就需要食物(bread，rice，meat，cake等)；我们寄信需要去邮局(postoffice)；取钱需要去银行(bank)等。考点2名词的数1．(2023·安徽校联考一模)—Whydoyouthinkspringisthemostbeautiful?—Ilovespringbecausewhenspringcomes,the________alloverthemountainsturngreen．A．leafB．Leafs

C．leafes D．leaves答案：D2．Ihavethreepenpals．Oneis________，andtheothertwoare________．A．Japanese；AmericaB．Russian；GermenC．Canada；AustralianD．English；Frenchmen答案：D3．Insomewesterncountries，peopleusuallyhavemealswith________andforks．A．bowl B．chopstickC．knife D．knives答案：D名词按其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。规则例词一般情况下在词尾加-sbook→booksdog→dogspen→pensboy→boysboat→boats规则例词以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词变复数时，要在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxesbeach→beachesbrush→brusheswatch→watches以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-escity→citiesfamily→familiescountry→countriesstrawberry→strawberries规则例词以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词变f或fe为v，再加-eswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leavesthief→thievesknife→knives直接在f后加-schief→chiefs(首领)cliff→cliffs(悬崖)roof→roofs(屋顶)gulf→gulfs(海湾)规则例词以o结尾的可数名词表示有生命的在词尾加-estomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroesNegro→Negroes(黑人)表示无生命的在词尾加-sphoto→photoszoo→zoosradio→radios[巧学妙记](1)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，变f或fe为v，再加-es的口诀为：半数(half)树叶(leaf)自己(self)黄，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)忽遇狼(wolf)，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)来帮忙。(2)以o结尾的名词变复数时，加-es的口诀为：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。(3)某国人变复数的口诀为：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。Chinese→ChineseJapanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmenAmerican→Americans2．可数名词复数的不规则变化构成方法例词变内部元音字母man→men

woman→womenpoliceman→policemen

foot→feettooth→teeth完全不规则child→children

ox→oxenmouse→mice单复数同形Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)[温馨提示](1)一般情况下，合成名词的复数形式，只需将其主体词变为复数形式。boystudent→boystudents(男学生)appletree→appletrees(苹果树)(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将主体词及man或woman都变成复数形式。amandoctor→mendoctors(男医生)amancook→mencooks(男厨师)awomanwriter→womenwriters(女作家)3．不可数名词的数(1)表示方法：不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后的名词只用原形。apieceofpaper一张纸adropofwater一滴水twocupsoftea两杯茶(2)不少名词在汉语中是可数的，但在英语中却不可数，比如不能说abread，anews，apaper等，如果要表示这些不可数名词的数量，应用一类“可数”的词作定语来表达。apieceofnews一则新闻

apieceofadvice一条建议apieceofbread一片面包

apieceofwork一份工作abottleofink一瓶墨水

abasketoffood一篮子食物ablockofice一块冰[归纳拓展]名词短语为2020年安徽中考新增考点，在完形填空中进行了考查。因此考生在备考中要注重对名词短语的积累和识记。考点3名词所有格1．(2023·滁州校联考一模)—________isyourhomefromschool,Ben?—Oh,it'snotveryfar,only________walk．A．Howlong；ten-minute

B．Howfar；tenminutesC．Howlong；tenminutes'

D．Howfar；tenminutes'答案：D2．(2022·马鞍山和县一模)Nobodythoughtitwaseasytofinishsomuchworkin________．A．twodays'time B．two-daystimeC．twoday'stime D．twodaystime答案：A3．—Who'sthatgirlonthesofa?—She's________sisterEmma．A．BobandFrankB．Bob'sandFrank'sC．BobandFrank'sD．Bob'sandFrank答案：C4．Theywillgetmarried________．A．intenyear'sB．intenyear'stimeC．intenyears'D．intenyears'time答案：D安徽近3年中考并未对名词所有格进行考查，因此，这里只对其常见用法进行简单讲解。1．'s所有格类别构成方法示例有生命的单数名词加'swithmyfather'shelp在我父亲的帮助下类别构成方法示例有生命的复数名词以s结尾加'theteachers'office老师的办公室不以s结尾加'schildren'shomework孩子们的作业表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象、拟人等无生命的名词单数加'sChina'sdevelopment中国的发展复数加'tenminutes'walk十分钟的路程类别构成方法示例表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加'sTomandJim'sroom汤姆和吉姆共同的房间表示每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加'sMike'sandJohn'sdesks迈克和约翰各自的书桌用以构成不同的节日加's或'Children'sDay儿童节Teachers'Day教师节[温馨提示](1)表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”“办公室”的名词所有格时，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。atthedoctor's(在诊所)；gotomyuncle'shome(去我叔叔家)(2)一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如：someone，everybody等和else连用时，'s应加在else后。somebodyelse'spencil别人的铅笔(1)表示无生命事物的名词一般用of所有格。alegofthetable桌子的一条腿(2)of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西，表示所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语修饰时。thenameofthebraveyoungman这个勇敢的年轻人的名字[温馨提示]有生命的名词's所有格和of短语所有格可以互换。thegirl'sname＝thenameofthegirl那个女孩的名字2．of所有格3．双重所有格双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：(1)名词＋of＋名词所有格。astudentofmyfather's我父亲的一个学生(2)名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。aphotoofmine我的一张照片[温馨提示]双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。aphotoofMary's(照片属于玛丽，但照片上的人不一定是玛丽)；aphotoofMary(照片上的人是玛丽本人)名词辨析名词单复数判断方法1．(2023·湖北武汉)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam．—Hisheightgiveshimabig________．A．situation B．challengeC．achievement D．advantage答案：D2．(2023·池州阶段性练习)—Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?—Myschoolisnotfarfrommyhome．It'sonly________．A．8minutewalk B．8minuteswalkC．8minutes'walk D．8minute'swalk答案：C3．(2023·辽宁本溪)Thankstotheteacher'shelp,Isolvedallthe________easily．A．chances B．problemsC．habits D．grades答案：B4．(2022·山东滨州)—Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly?—It'seasy．Ijustfollowedthe________．A．instruments B．inventionsC．interviews D．instructions答案：D5．(2023·滁州全椒县一模)—SomeofmyRussianfriendswillcometoChinanextmonth．—YoucangivethemChineseteaasa________．A．change B．chanceC．dinner D．treat答案：D6．IfIleavemyhouseat9o'clockanddrivetotheairport，I'llarriveatabout11．Soit'sabouttwo________drivefrommyhousetotheairport．A．hours' B．hour'sC．hours D．hour答案：AⅠ．单项填空1．(2023·合肥肥东县二模)Puttingyourheartintosomethingmaynotsucceedatonce,butit'sastepintheright________．A．instruction B．introductionC．position D．direction答案：D2．(2022·马鞍山和县一模)—InChina，weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck．—That'sinteresting！IwanttoknowalltheChinese________．A．traditions B．sentencesC．notices D．problems答案：A3．(2022·宿州一模)Theyounggirlisapianistofgreat________．Shehasbeengoodatplayingthepianosinceshewasveryyoung．A．value B．tasteC．luck D．talent答案：D4．(2023·山东滨州)—What'syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong________onmeasachild．A．difference B．attentionC．situation D．influence答案：D5．(2023·甘肃白银)Put________firstandbecarefulwhileridingontheroad!A．interest B．moneyC．knowledge D．safety答案：D6．(2023·江苏扬州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake．Aboattourisawonderful________！A．movement B．attractionC．experience D．research答案：C7．(2023·天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas,andthepandahasbecomea________ofChina．A．festival B．poemC．guest D．symbol答案：D8．(2022·合肥庐江县一模)—Couldyoupleasetellmethe________ofbuildingalakehere?—Toimprovetheenvironment．A．chance B．purposeC．method D．secret答案：B9．(2022·湖北荆州)—How'sthe________inyourcity?—Notverygood．Therearealwayslonglinesofcarsonroadsespeciallyonrainydays．A．food B．weatherC．culture D．traffic答案：D10．—How________isitfromheretoBeijing?—It'sabouttwo________flight．A．long；hour's B．far；hour'sC．long；hours' D．far；hours'答案：D11．Sometimesalittleactioncanmakeadifferencetoa________life．A．person B．person'sC．persons D．persons'答案：B12．I'dliketobuysome________inthesupermarket．A．chickenandpotatoesB．chickensandpotatoC．chickenandpotatoD．chickensandpotatos答案：A13．(2022·黑龙江绥化)________fatherisapilot．Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld．A．TonyandPeter'sB．Tony'sandPeterC．Tony'sandPeter's答案：A14．(2023·芜湖二模)Wecandiscoverbasic________abouthistoryintheNaturalHistoryMuseum．A．facts B．methodsC．service D．advice答案：A15．(2022·湖南邵阳)—Wouldyoulikesome________？—Yes，madam．A．egg B．juiceC．milkteas答案：B16．(2023·芜湖无为市三模)Mymothertookthosenewspapersoffthetabletomake________forthenewcomputer．A．food B．moneyC．room D．position答案：C17．(2023·合肥42中三模)Thegovernmentplanstoaddmoregreenspacestoimproveourliving________likebuildingover400pocketparksby2025．A．space B．environmentC．methods D．cost答案：B18．(2023·江西)—Kevin,couldyoupassmesome________？It'ssohottoday．I'mreallythirsty．—OK．Hereyouare．A．rice B．breadC．water D．chicken答案：C19．(2023·四川自贡)—What'syourfavorite________？—Apples．Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway．A．fruit B．drinkC．job答案：A20．(2023·甘肃白银)Whichofthefollowingshowsthatyoucanputyourwastethere?A．B．

C． D．

答案：B21．(2022·贵州铜仁)—“Onetreecan'tmakeaforest”isafamoussaying．—Sure．Ittellsustheimportanceof________．A．teamwork B．knowledgeC．friendship D．housework答案：A22．(2023·合肥45中四模)—Mrs．Williams,what'syour________ofbeingawonderfultennisplayer?—Nothingspecial．Ijustworkhardeveryday．A．hope B．secretC．change D．information答案：B23．(2022·合肥蜀山区二模)Tofacethedifficultybravely，weneedagreatdealof________．A．treasure B．regretC．doubt D．courage答案：D24．(2022·贵州黔东南)ThejourneytoCongjiangisagreat________forStevetolearnmoreaboutthemagicplacesthathehasknownfrombooksandpictures．A．introduction B．competitionC．pressure D．chance答案：D25．IwassoexcitedwhenIsawsomany________onthefarm．A．sheep B．chickenC．duck D．milk答案：A26．Jimbrokeapairofshoesmadeof________ina________storeyesterday．A．glass；woman B．glasses；womanC．glass；women's D．glasses；women's答案：C27．(2023·合肥高新区二模)—Haveyoueverheard“Readingmakesafullman．”？

—Ofcourse．Ittellsthe________ofreading．A．ability B．difficultyC．courage D．value答案：D28．Lookatthetwo________overthere．Theyareteachingtheboystoplaythepiano．A．womenteachers B．womanteacherC．womanteachers D．womansteachers答案：A29．(2022·湖北)Breakfastgivesyou________forthemorning．A．wealth B．talentC．humor D．energy答案：D30．Thefarmerraisedplentyof________onhisfarmtosell