2022级高二第一学期期末考试试题

2022级高二第一学期期末考试英语试卷命题人:丘夏杨郭新敏审题人：黄晓洁本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhenThanksgivingisdrawingnear,manyfamiliesaregettingreadytoenjoyatraditionthatgoesbackhundredsofyears:bakingandeatingdeliciouspie.Twoclassicdessertswillbattleitoutatholidaytables.Ispumpkinpiebetterthanapplepie?Yes—pumpkinpieisperfectThreereasonswhypumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepie1.AsoneofAmerica’sfirstcrops,pumpkinhasbeefall’ssignatureflavorsincetheearly18thcentury.Even300yearsago,Americansknewitwasthebestpie.2.Withitswarm,fortingmixofcinnamon(肉桂),nutmeg(豆蔻),andotherspices,deliciouspumpkinpiegivesyouperfectbitesthatmeltinyourmouth,whichsimplycan’tbebeaten.3.Asabonus,pumpkinsarepackedfullofvitaminsandnutrientsthataregoodforyourbody.Socutaperfectlyshapedsliceofpumpkingoodnessanddigin.No—applepieallthewayThreereasonswhypumpkinpieisnotbetterthanapplepie1.ApplepieisjustaboutasoldasourcountryandevenappearedinAmerica’sfirstcookbook.Haveyouheardtheexpression“It’sasAmericanasapplepie”?Noonesaysthataboutpumpkinpie!2.Therearecountlessvariationsontheclassic,withdifferentspicesandflavorings,driedfruitsandnuts,anddifferentcrusts(酥皮).Applepieistheclearwinnerforpeoplewholovethebalanceoffruitandbutterypiecrust.3.Toquoteanotherexpression,“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Thatmeansapplesarenutritiousandhelpkeepushealthy.Nowthatyou’vereadabitmoreaboutthisissue,clickheretovoteinourdebate.VoteYESifyouthinkpumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepieorNOifyoudon’t.We’llpublishtheresultsnextweek.Whatdopumpkinpieandapplepiehaveinmon?a.Theyarefullofnutrients.b.Theyhavesimilarflavor.c.TheyhavedeeprootsinAmerica.A.abB.bcC.acD.abc22.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Onamenu.B.Onawebsite.C.Inamagazine.D.Inacookbook.23.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinvitereaderstovoteinadebate.B.Todistinguishpumpkinpiefromapplepie.C.Toadvertisepumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepie.D.ToencouragebakingandeatingpieatThanksgiving.BEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球层的)physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(誉为)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticles(粒子)thatflowoffthesun.Itcanbeeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticismandridiculebythescientificmunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuspletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkernevercoauthoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.ThesunhaslesseffectsonEarththanexpected.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.26.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.seekclosecooperation B.learnbytrialanderror C.avoidhighexpectations D.peteagainstothers27.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.straightforwardandgenerous B.responsibleandaccessibleC.intelligentyetmean D.distinguishedyetmodestCAccordingtobodylanguageexpertRobertPhipps,thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave.Phippshasidentifiedfoursleepingpositionsthataffectpersonality.Phippsfoundthatworriers,thosewhostressthemost,tendtosleepinthefetalposition.Hefoundthatthisisthemostmonbedtimeposition,withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown.Themorewecurlup,themorefortweareseeking,accordingtoPhipps.Thesecondmostmonpositionisthelog.Sleepingwithastraightbody,witharmsateachside，asiftheyarestandingguardatBuckinghamPalace，indicatesstubbornness,andthesepeople(the28percentwhosleepthisway)oftenwakeupstifferthanwhentheywenttosleep.“Thelongeryousleeplikethis,themorerigidyourthinkingisandyoucanbeeinflexible,whichmeansyoumakethingsharderforyourself,”accordingtoPhipps.Yearner(向往型)sleepersarenextonthelist.About25percentofpeoplesleepinthisstyle—ontheirsidewitharmsstretchedoutinfront,lookingasiftheyareeitherchasingadreamorperhapsbeingchasedthemselves.Yearnersaretypicallytheirownworstcritics,alwaysexpectingthebestresults,explainedPhipps.Thesepeopleoftenwakeuprefreshedandeagertofacethechallengesofthedayahead.Perhapsthemostpeculiarofsleepstylesisthefreefallerposition.Thissleepstylemakesup17percentofthepopulation.Theysleepfacedownwitharmsstretchedout.Thesepeople,accordingtoPhipps,feelliketheyhavelittlecontrolovertheirlife.Notonlyisthisthestrangestofsleepstyles,butalsotheleastfortable,andpeoplemaywakeupfeelingtiredandhavenoenergy.Inconclusion,Phippshasonlyonemorethingtoadd,“Agoodnight’ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayandoursleepingpositionscandeterminehowwefeelwhenwewake.”Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?AGoodNight'sSleepSetsYouUpfortheFollowingDayYourPersonalityDependsaLotonHowYouSleepatNightHowYouSleepatNightAffectsWhatYouDotheNextDayWhichSleepingPositionHelpsYouSleepfortablyWhichofthefollowingpicturesisthefetalposition?Theunderlinedword“rigid”isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.stubbornB.flexibleC.fortableD.strange31.Whichsleepingpositionindicatesthatthesleepertendstoseekperfection?A.Thefetalposition. B.Thelogposition.C.Thefreefallerposition. D.Theyearnerposition.DSupermarketshelvesarefilledwithplantbasedalternativestocowmilk,includingsoy,nut,andcoconutmilk.Theseproductsarepopularwithconsumerswhocannotdrinkcows’milkforhealthreasons,aswellaswiththoseconcernedaboutanimalwelfareandenvironmentalsustainability.Whilethedairyfreeoptionsworkwellwithcerealorincoffee,theyfailmiserablywhenitestomakingmilkbasedproductslikecheeseoryogurt.However,theseshortingsmaysoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoanewpanyinCalifornia,whichhasfiguredouthowtocreateanimalfreemilkinalaboratory!PerumalGandhiandRyanPandyafoundedthepanyin2014afterbeingincreasinglyannoyedwiththelackofcows’milkfreealternatives,particularlyforcheese.ForGandhi,whostoppedconsuminganimalproductsfiveyearsearlierduetoenvironmentalandanimalwelfareconcerns,themotivationtocreateabetteralternativestemmedfromhisloveofcheesypizza.Pandyawasspurredintotakingactionafterbeingforcedtoeatsome“reallybad”dairyfreecreamcheeseonhissandwich.ThetwoMITbiomedicalengineeringscientistsdecidedtojoinforcestocreateamorerealisticalternativetodairybasedproducts.Intheiruniversitylab,thepairspentninemonthsfirstisolatingcowDNAtheninsertingitintoyeast(酵母).Thisgeneticmodificationenabledtheyeasttoproducethenecessarymilkproteins.Thefinalstepoftheprocessinvolvedmixingtheproteinswithsomeplantnutrientsandfats.Thedairyfreemilknotonlytastesliketherealthingbutisalsohealthier,hasalongershelflifeand,mostimportantofall,isEarthfriendly.Accordingtothepany’swebsite,whenparedtoconventionalmilkproduction,theirprocessuses65%lessenergy,creates84%lessgreenhousegasemissionsandrequires91%lesslandandanamazing98%lesswater!Bestofall,sinceitcontainsrealmilkproteins,theproductbehaveslikethecowproducedversion,whichmeansvegetarianconsumerswillnolongerhavetodealwithsoggycheeseontheirsandwichesandpizzas.Thepanyplanstobringtheircreationtomarketlaterthisyearandtheirfirstproductwillmostlikelybecheesesincetherearealreadynumerousgoodcows’milkalternativesavailabletoconsumers.32.Theunderlinedword"those"inparagraph1refersto_______.A.alternatives B.products C.people D.reasons33.Thepany’sfoundersweremotivatedtomakethenewproductbecauseof_______.A.theirdeepconcernfortheenvironmentB.thepoortasteofdairyfreecheesepresentlyavailableC.theoverconsumptionofthedairybasedproductsD.theirworrythatfarmanimalswerepoorlytreated34.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Thedairyfreeproductscannotbestoredforalongtime.B.Thenewproductswilltastebetterthandairybasedones.C.Cowfarmingcausesconsiderableenvironmentaldamage.D.Thedairyfreemilkwillbemoreexpensivethancow’smilk.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthierCheese B.NewMilkSavesPlanetC.FresherMilk,BetterFuture D.MakingMilkwithoutCows第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Alastminutevacationcanbeawonderfulsurpriseandanescapefromtheordinary.Itnormallytakesaweekendorafewdays.Youmightthinkthatalastminutevacationwillcostatonofmoney.36_______ Ifyoudecidetotakealastminutevacationtoanareayouvisitfrequently,callyourusualacmodationsandseeiftheyofferafavorablepricetorepeatcustomers.Ifyouhavemetthemanageronyourearliertrips,asktospeaktohimandexplainyoursituation.37_______Soit’spossibleforyoutogetagreatdeal. Somehotelswilloftenhaveroomsthattheycannotfill.38_______Talkcarefully,andyoumaybeabletopersuadethemintogivingyouadiscount. 39_______Saveontransportationcoststoadestinationnearby.Visitatownyou’veneverbeentobefore,orstayafewnightsinacitythatyouonlygotofordaytrips.LocalescapescanbejustasrelaxingasflyingtoHawaiifortheweekend,andwillprobablygiveyoumoretimeatyourdestination. Teenagersareoftenexcitedaboutthechancetogetoutoftheirparents’houseforaweekend.Socontactanyyoungcousinyoucantrustinthehousewhileyouareonvacation.40_______Youjustneedtoleavehimorhereasyinstructionsandsomefoodinthefridge.A.Heorshecanbeaskedtofeedthepets.B.Soprepareforalittleunexpectednessandrelax.C.Manysmallhotelsandinnsappreciateregularcustomers.D.Forthem,makingsomemoneyisbetterthanmakingnoneatall.E.Actually,youmaybeabletosaveafewdollarsifyouplansmart.F.Alastminutevacationdoesn’thavetobethousandsofmilesaway.G.Thekeytoagreatlastminutevacationisarefusaltostressdetails.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。PreetChandi,anAsianwoman,returnedfromatrek(徒步旅行)acrossGreenlandlastyear.Shehopesto41_______anunsupportedtrekacrossAntarcticatothesouthpolebyherself.The700milejourneywilltakeabout45days.Shewillfacethe42_______coldof50℃whiledraggingasledweighing95kgwhenshe43_______.PreetChandi44_______itisatoughjourney.Butshefeelswellpreparedafteryearsof45_______.Inrecentweeksshehasbeen46_______tyresaroundthestreetsnearherhome.Shehasreceivedanumberofcuriousquestionsfrom47_______.“Ifyouefromamunitythatisnotinvolvedin48_______atall,itcanbereallyhard,”shesaid,addingthatanumberofpeoplethoughtshewasto49_______forSouthall,inwestLondon,nottothesouthpole.“It’sjustbeyondtheir50_______.”Inthesouthpole,onemay51_______nothinginfrontfordaysexceptsnow.Itisquiteamental52_______.Thus,herpartnerhasleftmessagesinsidehertent,whilefriendshave53_______voicenotesforhertolistentoonthejourney.Whenshereturns,sheplanstoputasidesomemoneyto54_______morewomentotryoutdooradventures.Sheispleasedtoseechangeinwhathas55_______beenamaledominatedarea.Whataninspiringwoman!41.A.abandon B.sponsor C.plete D.introduce42.A.bare B.bitter C.bearable D.breathless43.A.settlesdown B.checksout C.setsoff D.turnsup44.A.admits B.denies C.hopes D.prays45.A.working B.adjustment C.struggle D.training46.A.lifting B.dragging C.rolling D.pushing47.A.passersby B.explorers C.visitors D.cyclists48.A.activities B.adventures C.petitions D.sports49.A.push B.run C.head D.look50.A.control B.ability C.reach D.knowledge51.A.touch B.feel C.see D.smell52.A.challenge B.trouble C.dilemma D.success53.A.played B.recorded C.presented D.taken54.A.urge B.persuade C.mand D.fund55.A.extremely B.incredibly C.temporarily D.typically第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。WhenPeterSängerandLiangWugottogether,it56_______(strike)themthattheymustbelonglostfriends.Bothfirmlyadvocatethefight57_______airpollution.Theybelievethatifyoucan’tmeasureit,youcan’tbeatit.That’s58_______theyfoundedGreenCitySolutions,thesolutiontoquantifiablyimprovecityair.Theirinvention,theCityTree,actsasanairpurifier,aninteresting59_______(add)tourbantreesandgreenspaces.Rootedinscience,airpollutioncanbeeatenbytheverticalflatpaneled(平面的)“trees”60_______(dot)aroundcitiesacrossEurope,whilethe“trees”alsoactasseatsforpedestrians.SängerandWu’svisionisforaworldinwhichpeopleincitiescanlive61_______(healthy).Theylongtocreatelivingconditionsthatallowallpeoplearoundtheworldtopermanentlyhavecleanerair62_______(breathe).TheCityTreebines63_______airpurifyingfeatureofmosswithremotetechnologytoincreasetheairflowthroughthe“trees”.Thisallowsthemto“suckup”andcleanmoreairthannormal,andtheamounttheypurifycanbeincreased64_______(depend)onpollutionlevelsatdifferenttimesofday.TheGermangreentechstartupisnowfundedbytheEuropeanmission.ACityTreenetworkof15brandnewunitswillbesetupandtestedina65_______(science)wayinBerlin’spollutionhotspotsnextyear.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）（满分15分）假定你是李华，下周你市将开办中国国画展，请给你校国际留学生John写一封邮件，邀请他一同前往参观。内容包括：展览的时间和地点； 展览的相关活动。注意：写作词数应为80左右； 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJohn,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Lihua（满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Ada!Milk!”Mamacalled.

Milk.ItwasAda’sturntogetit.Adasighedandshutherfirstaidbook.Herheadhurtfromreadinginthedimmorninglight,buthowelsewasshegoingtolearn?Adatiedthecowclosetoatree.Somewheredownthemountain,somevolunteerdoctorswereteachingmedic