版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
AmericanNaturalismAmericanNaturalism1RealismandNaturalismPlacingeventsinthepresenttimeofthewritingAimingataccuratereproductionofthespeech,mannersandlandscapeofitsworldExploringthepsychologicallyvalidmotivationRealismandNaturalismPlacing2
"pessimisticmaterialisticdeterminism."
Naturalism'sphilosophicalframeworkcanbesimplydescribedas"pessimisticmaterialisticdeterminism."
"pessimisticmaterialisticd3(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism4(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism5Naturalisticwritersusedaversionofthescientificmethodtowritetheirnovels;theystudiedhumanbeingsgovernedbytheirinstinctsandpassionsaswellasthewaysinwhichthecharacters'livesweregovernedbyforcesofheredityandenvironment---“theentrappedman”Naturalisticwritersusedave6CharactersFrequentlyill-educatedorlower-classcharacterswhoselivesaregovernedbytheforcesofheredity,instinct,andpassion.Theyarepersonwithstronganimaldrives.CharactersFrequentlyill-educa7SettingFrequentlyanurbansettingSettingFrequentlyanurbanset8TechniquesandplotsScientificaccuracyFactualdetailAsomberanddarkpictureHopelessanddespairtoneTechniquesandplotsScientific9Themeskeythemes:
survival
Violence
determinismThemeskeythemes:10
"managainstnature”"managainsthimself"----"brutewithin."
(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism11Anindifferent,deterministicuniverse.Naturalistictextsoftendescribethefutileattemptsofhumanbeingstoexercisefreewill,oftenironicallypresented,inthisuniversethatrevealsfreewillasanillusion.(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism12SubjectMatterThesubjectmatterdealswiththoserawandunpleasantexperienceswhichreducecharactersto"degrading"behaviorintheirstruggletosurvive.
SubjectMatterThesubjectma13Writers
StephenCrane
TheodoreDreiser
JackLondon
FrankNorrisWriters
StephenCrane14FrankNorris
(1870–1902)
FrankNorris
(1870–1902)
15FrankNorris,TheOctopus(1901)FrankNorris,TheOctopus(19016StephenCraneStephenCrane17StephenCrane(1871-1900)Americanauthor,whosesecondnovel,TheRedBadgeOfCourage(1895),broughthiminternationalfame.Crane'sfirstnovel,Maggie:AGirlOfTheStreets(1893)wasamilestoneinthedevelopmentofliterarynaturalism.StephenCrane(1871-1900)Ameri18(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism19(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism20(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism21TheRedBadgeOfCourage(1895)
AModernWarNovelANovelofBildungsroman----(Novelofinitiation,Growing-upnovel,
Coming-of-agenovel)APsychologicalNaturalistNovelTheRedBadgeOfCourage(189522TheRedBadgeofCourageTheRedBadgeofCouragedepictedtheAmericanCivilWarfromthepointofviewofanordinarysoldier.Ithasbeencalledthefirstmodernwarnovel.TheRedBadgeofCourage
shatteredAmericanpreconceptionsaboutwhatawarnovelcouldbe.TheRedBadgeofCourageTheRe23ComparisonheavilyidealisticconceptVSillusions,vanity,andromanticnaïveté
large,epicviewVSindividualpsychologyaworldofmoralabsolutesVSauniverseutterlyindifferenttohumanexistence.(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism24
Themes
Severalthemesrunthroughthebookandaddgreatlytoitsunity.CourageManhoodWarFearTheUniverse’sDisregardforHumanLife
Themes
Severalthemesrunt25Themes
arethefundamentalandoftenuniversalideasexploredinaliterarywork.Themesarethefundamentaland26
Symbols
Symbols
areobjects,characters,figures,orcolorsusedtorepresentabstractideasorconcepts.Craneusessymbolsinmanydifferentwaysandonmanydifferentlevels
bycreatingunusualandcompellingimages.
Symbols
Symbolsareobjects27SymbolsinthisnovelAnimalimagesColorsSymbolsinthisnovelAnimalim28Animalimages“Itwasnowlikeoneofthosemovingmonsterswendingwithmanyfeet.”“Therewasanoccasionalflashandglimmerofsteelfrombacksofallthesehugecrawlingreptiles.“Therewereliketwoserpentscrawlingfromthecavernofthenight.”“Butthelongserpentscrawledslowlyfromfromhilltohillwithoutblusterofsmoke.”Animalimages“Itwasnowlike29Colors
Redisthemostimportantcolorinthebook.Itisrelatedtobattleasitsymbolizestheblood,the
ragewhichasoldierfeels,andthecolorofthe
flag.Italsoseemstoberelatedtoanystrongemotionsuchashate.Thetitleofthebook,“TheRedBadgeofCourage”,referstothebloodywoundsreceivedinbattle.Thesewoundsaresymbolicofcourage.Colors
Redisthemostimporta30TheCharacterHenryFleming:Henry’scharactergoesthroughvariousphasesasthebookprogresses.TheCharacterHenryFleming:31Ayounguntriedsoldier–beingunsureofhimself–beingdoubtabouthimself—beingpanic-stricken–fleeing–provingtobeacoward—pretendingawoundedsoldier—facinghiscowardiceopenly–returningtohisduty—fightingbravely—beingamanandaheroAyounguntriedsoldier–being32ImportantQuotations
I“Hefeltthatinthiscrisishislawsoflifewereuseless.Whateverhehadlearnedofhimselfwashereofnoavail.Hewasanunknownquantity.Hesawthathewouldagainbeobligedtoexperimentashehadinearlyyouth.ImportantQuotationsI“Hefelt33Hemustaccumulateinformationofhimself,andmeanwhileheresolvedtoremaincloseuponhisguardlestthosequalitiesofwhichheknewnothingshouldeverlastinglydisgracehim.”Hemustaccumulateinformation34
ImportantQuotationsExplained
ThispassagefromChapterIillustratesHenry’sinitialfearaboutwhetherhehasthecouragetofacebattle,andestablishesthathispredicamentislessamatterofwarthanofknowinghimselfandjudginghisworth.Untilthismoment,Henryhasbeenayouthofcomfortableassumptions.
ImportantQuotationsExplain35Hebelieves,forinstance,thatwarexistsforthepurposeofcreatingheroes,andthatmen,whentransformedintosoldiers,areguaranteedakindofhonorthatgrantsthemprestigeinsocietyandhistory.ThepurposeofTheRedBadgeofCourageistochartHenry’spsychologicalgrowthashe“accumulatesinformationofhimself”and“experiments”withdifferenttypesofbehaviors—somecourageous,somecowardly.Hebelieves,forinstance,tha36ImportantQuotations
II“Hehadfoughtlikeapaganwhodefendshisreligion.Regardingit,hesawthatitwasfine,wildandinsomeways,easy.Hehadbeenatremendousfigure,nodoubt.ImportantQuotationsII“Hehad37Bythisstrugglehehadovercomeobstacleswhichhehadadmittedtobemountains.Theyhadfallenlikepaperpeaks,andhewasnowwhathecalledahero.Andhehadnotbeenawareoftheprocess.Hehadsleptand,awakening,foundhimselfaknight.”Bythisstrugglehehadoverco38ImportantQuotationsExplainedLaterwhenHenryactswithgreatbravery,hediscoversthattheheroicactionsareinfactnatural.Inlookingbackhisactionhereflectsthenaturalisticconcept.ImportantQuotationsExplained39JackLondonJackLondon40JackLondonJackLondon(1876-1916),prolificAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter,whoseworksdealromanticallywiththeoverwhelmingpowerofnatureandthestruggleforsurvival.JackLondonJackLondon(1876-141London’sMajorWorksTheCalloftheWild(1903)TheSeaWolf(1904)MartinEden(1909)London’sMajorWorksTheCallo42TheCalloftheWildTheCalloftheWild43(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism44TheCalloftheWild-ATypicalNaturalisticNovelPublishedin1903,ItremainsLondon’smostfamouswork,blendinghisexperiencesasagoldprospectorintheCanadianwildernesswithhisideasaboutnatureandthestruggleforexistence.AlthoughTheCalloftheWildisfirstandforemostastoryaboutadog,itdisplaysa-philosophicaldepthabsentinmostanimaladventures.TheCalloftheWild-ATypical45CharactersBuck:
partSt.Bernard,partScotchshepherd,aheroinhisownsearchforfreedom.Histransitionandtransformationfrom
domesticatedtosavageisthepremiseofthenovel.Heisborntobealeader.Buck'sgreatintelligenceanddeterminationtosucceedmarkhimassuperiortomostofthehumansinthestory.CharactersBuck:partSt.Berna46JohnThornton:
ThemanwhorescuesBuckfromHal'scruelty.Heisbyfarthemostadmirablehumancharacterinthestory,kindbutfullofthe
uncompromisingstrength
thatisnecessarytosurvive.Johnistheidealmasterbecausehisnatureissodog-like.WecanseehimasBuckinhumanform.ForhispartBucklovesJohn,andiswillingtodoabsolutelyanythingforhim.
JohnThornton:Themanwhores47Themes
TheIndispensableStruggleforMasteryThePowerofAncestralMemoryandPrimitiveInstincts(atavism)TheLawsofCivilizationandofWildernessThemes
TheIndispensableStrug48MartinEdenMartinEden49MartinEden—AnAutobiographicalNovel
HissailorandworkerdaysHisself-educationHisLoveHiseventualsuccessasanauthorHissuicide(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism50TheodoreDreiserTheodoreDreiser51TheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)Anoutstandingrepresentativeofnaturalism,whosenovelsdepictreal-lifesubjectsinaharshlight.Hisprincipalconcernwaswiththeconflictbetweenhumanneedsandthedemandsofsocietyformaterialsuccess.TheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)An52PrimaryWorksSisterCarrie,1900;JennieGerhardt,1911;TheFinancier,1912;
TheTitan,1914;TheGenius.1915;AnAmericanTragedy,1925;PrimaryWorks53
SisterCarrie
SisterCarrie
54CharactersCarrieMeeberCharlieDrouetGeorgeHurstwoodCharactersCarrieMeeber55Caroline(Carrie)MeeberCaroline(Carrie)Meeber56
Caroline(Carrie)Meeber,theprotagonistofthenovel,travelstoChicagotostaywithhersisterandherbrother-in-law.ThecosmopolitanconsumerworldofChicagoenthrallsher,andsheconstantlywantstobuythings.Herfirstjobisalow-paid,arduouspositioninafactory.Whenshelosesherjob,hersisterandbrother-in-lawcannotsupporther,soshebecomesCharlieDrouet'smistress.
57Afterward,shebecomesinfatuatedwithanotherman,GeorgeHurstwood.CarrieandHurstwoodruntoNewYork,wheretheydiscoverthatmarriedlifeisfarlessexcitingthantheiraffair.CarrieleavesHurstwoodbecausehefailstoprovideherwiththelavishlifeshewants.Shebecomesafamous,high-paidactressinNewYorkCity.Afterward,shebecomesinfatua58
CharlieDrouet----Charming,flashysalesman.Nevertakinganyofhisromanticaffairsseriously.
59HeprovidesCarriewithaplacetostayaftersheisforcedtostoplivingwithhersister;healsopromisestomarryher,butheneverreallyintendsonfollowingthrough.HelosesCarrietoHurstwoodandthen,yearslater,aftershehasbecomeafamousactress,triesunsuccessfullytowinherback.HeprovidesCarriewithaplac60Hurstwood&CarrieHurstwood&Carrie61
GeorgeHurstwood-----themanagerofFitzgeraldandMoy's,asalooninChicago.
AWeakandindecisivecharacterDrivenbybiologicaldesireSlowlydescendingintoapathyandpoverty.
62(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism63CarrieandH
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 浙江省各地市高一期末卷分裂 酶和ATP
- 2024年永州客运从业资格证培训资料
- 2024年西宁客运资格证考试多少道题及答案
- 2024年乌兰察布客运上岗证考试题库
- 小学综合实践活动教案
- 生物会考必背基础题
- 2024年成都c1客运资格证模拟考试
- 九月中旬经济师资格考试《经济基础知识》期中测评考试(附答案及解析)
- 小学五年级下学期英语教学计划范文
- 2024年辽宁省沈阳辽中区招聘84人历年高频500题难、易错点模拟试题附带答案详解
- 一年级传统文化2小儿语课件
- ( 全册 )人教版三年级上册100道口算题大全
- 绿色指标模拟卷
- 《出师表》比较阅读74篇(历年中考语文文言文阅读试题汇编)(含答案与翻译)(截至2020年)
- 成都市中考英语题型专项复习练习(word版):补全表格
- 沃顿商学院《最受欢迎的谈判课》读后感展示
- 院内按病种分值付费(DIP)专题培训
- 外出参加学术会议及短期进修学习的管理规定
- 河北省医疗保险诊疗项目目录
- 房屋建筑与装饰工程消耗量定额Y
- GB/T 4337-2015金属材料疲劳试验旋转弯曲方法
评论
0/150
提交评论