英语特殊句式总结

SummaryofEnglishSpecialSentencePatternscontents目录InvertedpresenceEllipsispresenceEmphasispresenceSubjunctivemoodPassivevoice01Invertedpresence

PartialInversionSubjectverbinversionThesubjectandtheverbareinverted,buttherestofthepresenceremainsinthenormalorderObjectverbinversionTheobjectandtheverbareinverted,butthesubjectremainsinitsnormalpositionVerbsubjectinversionTheverbandthesubjectareinverted,buttheobjectremainsinitsnormalpositionSubject,verb,andobjectareallinvertedFullInversionUsage:InvertedsensesareoftenusedtoemphasizeaspecificpartofthepresenceortocreateaformalorliterarytoneTheycanalsobeusedtofollowaspecificgraphicalruleortoconformtoacertainstyleguidelinePrecautions:Whenusinginvertedsenses,itisimportanttoensurethatthemeaningisclearandthatthepresencestructureisgrammaticallycorrectAvoidusingtoomanyinvertedsensesinarow,asthiscanmakethetextdifficulttoreadAlso,becarefulnottoinvestthesubjectandtheverbcoincidentally,asthiscanleadtoungrammaticalintentionsTheusageandprecautionsofinvertedsenses02EllipsispresenceOmittingsubject01Insimplesentences,sometimesthesubjectisomitted,forexample,"BeijingisthecapitalofChina"isomitted.Omittingpredicate02Insimplesentences,sometimesthepredicateisalsoomitted,forexample,theword"written"in"Thebookis(written)byJohn."isomitted.Omittingobject03Insimplesentences,sometimestheobjectisalsoomitted,forexample,the"reading"in"Ilike(reading)books."isomitted.EllipsisinsimplesensesOmittingthesubjectofaclauseInacompoundsentence,thesubjectofaclauseissometimesomitted,forexample,"Thathewas"in"Hesaid(thathewas)happy.".OmittingthepredicateofasubordinateclauseIncompoundsentences,sometimesthepredicateofasubordinateclauseisalsoomitted,forexample,"Thathewasgoingtothepark"in"Hesaid(thathewas)goingtothepark.".OmittingthepredicateofthemainsentenceIncompoundsentences,thepredicateofthemainsentenceissometimesomitted,forexample,in"Hesmiled,(and)winkedatme.","andwinkedatme"isomitted.EllipsisincompoundsensesOmittingthemainclauseInasubordinateclause,sometimestheentiremainclauseisomitted,forexample,"thatyouareright"in"Ithink(thatyouare)right."isomitted.OmittingclauseInthemainsentence,sometimestheentireclauseisomitted,forexample,in"Ithink(thatyouare)right,buthedoesn't.","thatyouareright"isomitted.Ellipsisinclauses03EmphasispresenceUseof"it"asadummysubjectEmphasissensesofemploymentthedummysubject"it"withoutanysemanticfunction,servingtofocusonthesubjectcompletionSubjectcompletionThesubjectcompletiontypicallyfollowsthesubjectandisthepartofthepresencethatreceivestheemphasisItcanbeanoun,objective,oradvisoryclausePreliminaryphraseThepreliminaryphraseisoftenusedtomodifythesubjectcompletion,addingmoreinformationandfocusingonaspecificaspectofthesubjectThestructureandcharacteristicsofemphasissensesEmphasisimportantinformationEmphasissensesareusedtohighlightspecificinformationorideasthatareconsideredimportantornoteworthyDistinguishingfromotherpresencepatternsItisimportanttodistinguishbetweenemphasisonpresenceandotherpresencepatterns,suchasconditionalpresenceorrelatedclauses,toavoidfusionormisinterpretationAvoidingabuseExcessivelyuseofemphasissensescanmakewritingsoundunnaturalorimpulsive,soitisimportanttousethemsparselyUsageandprecautionsofemphasissensesConvertinganordinalpresenceintoanemphasispresenceAdding"it"asadummysubjectandmodifyingthesubjectcompletionwithapreliminaryphrasecantransformanordinalpresenceintoanemphasispresence要点一要点二ConvertinganemphasissenseintoanordersenseRemoving"it"andsimplifyingthesubjectcompletionandpreliminaryphrasecanconvertanemphasissenseintoanordersenseTheconversionbetweenemphasissensesandordinalsenses04Subjunctivemood03ImperfectSubjunctionFormedbyusing"had"insteadof"hadnot",asin"Ifhehadknowledge,hewouldhavecome."01SimplePresentSubjunctionFormedbyadding-etotheinfinity,asin"Isuggestthatheleaves."02SimplePastSubjunctionFormedbyusing"were"insteadof"was",asin"Ifhewerehere,wewouldhavesolvedtheproblem."TheFormsandCharacteristicsofSubjunctiveMoodSubjunctivemoodisusedinclausesthatexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionscontemporarytofactUsageItisimportanttonotethatthesubjunctionmoodisbecomingincreasinglyrareinmodernEnglish,withtheuseoftheindicativemoodbecomingmorecommonPrecautionsTheUsageandPrecautionsofSubjunctiveMoodTheConversionofSubjunctiveMoodandRealisticMoodWhenthesubjunctionmoodisconvertedtotherealisticmood,thetenseandsubjectagreementchangeaccordinglyForexample,"Ifhewasadoctor,hewouldhelpthepatient"benefits"Heisadoctor,sohehelpsthepatient."ConversionfromSubjunctiontoIndicativeTheconversionfromtheindicativemoodtothesubjunctionmoodinvolveschangingthetenseandsubjectagreementtoexpressawishorthematicsituationForexample,"Heisadoctor,sohehelpsthepatient"benefits"Ifhewereadoctor,hewouldhelpthepatient."ConversionfromIndicativetoSubjunction05PassivevoiceThesubjectofthepassivevoicepresenceiscommonlytheobjectintheactivevoicepresenceTheauxiliaryverb"be"isusedtoformthepassivevoice,followedbythepastparticleofthemainverbThemainverbinthepassivevoicepresencemustbetransitional,anditsmeaningisexpressedbytheactionratethanthesubjectTheFormandCharacteristicsofPassiveVoiceUsethepassivevoicewhent