定语从句导学案高考语法一轮复习

定语从句第一节：关系代词定语从句的基本概念和结构什么是定语？定语用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词年轻人____________,我的朋友____________,桌子上的书____________什么结构可以作定语？Thereisanappletreeinmyyard.__________StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei._________Morethan400,000peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.________Thesportsmeetheldinourschoollastweekwasasuccess.________Theboysittinginthelastrowisourmonitor._________Attheartfestival,wegotachancetoshowourtalents._________Iwantabighousewithagarden._________Allmenmustdie._________TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart._________10)Theplayerwhobecameknowas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.________什么是定语从句？在句子中作定语,用来修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句先行词：被修饰的名词或代词Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中充当成分指代在从句中充当成分指代先行词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why关系副词：when,where,whyTheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.下一个标点符号下一个标点符号再一个谓语动词定语从句的范围：关系词开始，结束再一个谓语动词练习：画出下列句子中的定语从句。（1）Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.（2）TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.（3）Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsports.（4）Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.（5）MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewshoppingmallhavewonpraise.关系代词关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分是否可省略that人/物主，宾，表宾可省which物主，宾宾可省who人主，宾宾可省whom人宾宾可省whose人/物定不可省画出下列句子中的先行词，关系词和定语从句，并写出关系词在从句中充当的成分。Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Itwasaquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.It’sluckytospendallyourlifewithapersonwhoyoulove.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.如何选择关系代词？先行词关系词在从句中成分关系词人主语that,who人宾语that,who,whom，省略物主语that,which物宾语that,which，省略人/物定语whose用适当的关系代词填空。Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.Isthistheyoungboy_________savedseveralotherstudentsintheearthquake?I’maneighteenyearoldboy_______lovesmusicandpainting.InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Thelittleproblems________wemetinourdailylifemaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Therearemanypeople________areeagertoworkeventhoughtheycan’tmove.Iftheyhaveanopportunitytogetajob,itgivesthemconfidence,”saidtheinventor.Instead,Imadealistofthethings________Ilikeaboutmyself.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthelast40yearscauseatsunami__________killedmorethen6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_________liveswereaffected.Davidhadabraindisease__________preventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Asspecialeducationteacherattheschool,Iwasfamiliarwiththechallenges__________Davidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.Agroundbreaking,fivetearstudyfoundshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds________arenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.选择关系代词时的特殊情况用that不用which或who的情况当先行词是all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,some等不定代词时。当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。当关系代词在从句中作表语时。当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。用which不用that的情况当关系词前有介词时。当先行词为that或those时，关系代词只能用which而不用that，以避免重复。用who不用that的情况当先行词时指人的代词时，如one,ones,anyone,those等。当先行词为人称代词时，关系代词应用who。用恰当的关系词填空。Ididnothing_______mighthurtyou.Those_______havenotgotbikesmaygobybus.Iamnotthelittlegirl_________Iwastenyearsago.Marinecreaturesarethose_______liveinthesea.TheWuyiMountainNationalParkexperimentalareaistheonlyparkinChina________islistedasaUNESCOculturalandnaturalheritage.ThesearethefamouschimebellsofMarquisYioftheZengState,thelargestandmostpletesetofchimebells_________existstodayinChina.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose_________aregoodatrecognizetheirownstrengths.为什么要学定语从句？阅读：能识别出定语从句，以便清晰地理解句子和文章Ihavegreatparentswhoalwaysencourageandsupportme.AtyphoonisanextremelystrongwindthatoftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷C篇）ThetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisethattheywereplanningforMother’sDay.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编）Heisbuildingafourwheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.(2021新高考Ⅱ卷D篇）语法填空Luckily,Ifoundagreatinstructor_____guidedmethroughthisnewmusicalworld.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany________usedalotofplastic,I’dsendtianemailurgingittocutback.(2021新高考Ⅱ卷语法填空）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空）Maryisamodelstudents_______isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Wedrovetoasupermarket_________sellsallkindsofthings,includingtoys,clothesandfood.写作看着Mr.White给他的字典，他心里忐忑不安。Lookingatthedictionarythat______________________,hegotbutterfliesinhisstomach.真正的朋友是那些给予你鼓励和支持的人。Truefriendsarethosewho____________________________________________________.对这个活动感兴趣的同学应在周五之前报名。Students_______________________________________________shouldsignupbeforeFriday.为了帮助那些想要提高他们英语的同学，我们学校将成立一个英语俱乐部。Inordertohelpthestudents___________________________________________,ourschoolwillfoundanEnglishClub.有一天，我读了一篇教人们如何管理时间的文章。我开始思考充分利用时间的重要性。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.英语是一座连接世界与我们的桥梁。学英语真的有好处。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.定语从句第二节：关系副词与介词+关系代词引导定语从句：名词、代词+关系副词+从句引导定语从句：名词、代词+关系副词+从句指代先行词：在。。。（时间或地点）；为什么。。。的原因(why)关系副词指代先行词：在。。。（时间或地点）；为什么。。。的原因(why)在从句中充当成分：状语（从句结构完整/不缺主或宾）在从句中充当成分：状语（从句结构完整/不缺主或宾）关系副词的选择先行词成分关系副词表示时间的名词时间状语从句结构完整表示地点的名词地点状语reason原因状语画出下列句中的先行词和关系词，并分析从句成分。Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.先行词关系词在从句中成分关系词人主语从句缺主语人宾语从句缺主语物主语从句缺主语物宾语从句缺主语人/物定语_______+名词用正确的关系词填空。Thenursingcenter____________Lisafoundedprovidesmedicaltreatmentfortheold.Thenursingcenter______Ms.Ricereceivedtreatmentwas27milesaway.Therestaurant_________offersSichuandishesispopularamonglocals.Therestaurant______Ihaddinneryesterdayisnotfaraway.Therearemanyreasons________canexplainthephenomenon.Therearemanyreason________Idon’tlikehim.Ivisitedthehouse_______ZhangXueliangoncelivedandworked.1949istheyear_______thePeople’sRepublicwasfounded.Iwanttotraveltoplaces________Icanexperienceitscultureandhistory.Canyouexplainthereason____youdidn’tshowupatthepartyyesterday?Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot___________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.介词+which/whom引导定语从句ItdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofLongguanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.先行词是物介词+which先行词是人介词+whom介词+which/whom=介短在从句中作状语从句结构完整，不缺主或宾选哪个介词呢？看从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配Mymotheristheperson______whomIcandepend.Thetwothings_______whichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.（2）看介词与先行词的搭配Thefarm______whichmyfatherworksisfarawayfromthecity.Wevisitedthehouse______whichLuxunoncelived.根据句意而定跟我一起去看电影的男孩来自3班。Theboy_______whomIsawthefilmesfromClass3.Thecolorlessgas_______whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.用介词+which/whom填空(1)Thevillage________shewasfamiliarchangedalot.(2)Heistheperson________Icandepend.(3)Istillremembertheday________mysonwasborn.(4)Hemadeaholeonthewall___________hecouldseewhatwashappeninginside.(5)Theymovedintoahouse___________plentyofshrubswereplanted.（周围种了很多灌木）(6)Theymovedintoahouse_________________adeadbodywasburied.（下面埋着一个尸体）(7)Theymovedintoahouse__________therewasacemetery.（旁边有个公墓）(8)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes_____________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(9)Theotherday,ahomelessman_____________Igavesomechangetoldhislifestory.选哪个介词呢？先行词成分关系副词介词+which代替表示时间的名词时间状语从句结构完整whenon/in/at/during+which表示地点的名词地点状语wherein/on/at+whichreason原因状语whyfor+whichTakesometimetocheckoutthebuildings__________/__________yourclasseswillbeheld.Idon’tknowthereason__________/__________hedidn’tattendhissister’swedding.Inthespring,aseason_________/___________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife,manyofusfindfortinthenaturalworld.Iwillneverforgettheday_______/_________Ijoinedtheparty.Thereason______/________herefusedtheinvitationisnorclear.Thehouse_______/________Ihavelivedfor20yearswerepulleddownonJuly4th.抽象地点名词atmosphere（气氛，环境）,stage（阶段）,condition（状况，情况）,position（处境，状况）,activity,case（情况）,instance（例子）,situation（情况）,point（时刻，阶段）Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelrelaxedisofgreatimportance.Ioftentakepartinvariousactivities_________Icanmeetpeople_________sharesimilarinterests.Weareinaposition________wemaylosealargesumofmoney.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_________Ihavetofighthardformyfuture.Therearecases_________theword“drive”doesnotmean“tooperateavehicle”.定语从句第三节：非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Afterlisteningtothescientistswhostudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.Iadviseyoutowritedownthenewwordsthatyoumeet.限制性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰限定（说明谈论的是哪个/哪些人或事,从句去掉后句意不明确不完整）PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagefromdisappearing.Iamcrazyaboutdancing,whichisagreatwaytorelaxmyselfafterschool.非限制性定语从句：补充说明（相对独立，去掉之后不影响主句意思）引导非限制性定语从句的which指代什么？PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagefromdisappearing.(which指代_____________)What’smore,IhavethegoodhabitofkeepingadiaryinEnglish,whichisagreatwaytoimprovemywritingskills.(which指代______________)Tomalwaysmakestroubleatschool,whichmakeshisparentsworried.(which指代______________)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句比较定语从句类型作用形式是否可用that引导which指代关系词是否可省略可否用why引导作宾语可否用who限制性修饰限定无逗号可以先行词（名/代)作宾语可省可以可以非限制性补充说明有逗号不可以先行词，主句部分或全部内容不可省略不可以不可以用恰当的关系词填空。Ifit’snotraining,thisoldmanalsocontinuestopracticeoutdoorrockclimbingwithhissonsYvesandClaude,_____alsoloveclimbingverymuch.People_________reallylovebookswillenomatterwherethebookstoreis.WhenIwasinhighschool,IjoinedmanyChineseculturalactivities,_______mademeloveChinamore.Butfor(除了。。。之外）allitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife.(2023全国乙卷）5.Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.（2022年全国甲卷）ThetypicalChinesealcoholicbeverageisbaijiu,_________ismadefromvariousgrains.PabloPicassowasoneofthemostfamousartistsintheworld,_________fullnamewasreallyalongone,infactamixtureofmanynames.Helearnedcarpentryinhisteens,after_________hetaughthimselftheartsofpainting,poetry,calligraphyandsealcutting.AnotherconcernidnewfoodallergiesbecauseGMOfoodcontainproteins_________peoplehavenevereatenbefore.YouthDayinChinafallonMay4th.ItoriginatesfromtheMay4thMovements,__________happenedduringWorldWarOne.Chinaattendedthesocalled“PeaceConference”inParisasoneofthevictoriousnations.Inthelatesummerandearlyfall,thebutterfliestypicallyleavesouthernCanadaandnorthernandcentralregionsoftheUnitedStates.TheymakeadangeroustriptoFloridaandMexico,________theweatheriswarmer.IlookedaroundandspottedDavid,________wasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.介词+which/whom引导非限制性定语从句Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,______________hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.ImetJackincollege,___________Ifoundedasoftwarepany.Readingliteratureisareallygoodhobby,___________Ibenefitalot.(benefitfrom…从。。。中受益）名词、代词、数次+of+which/whom引导非限制性定语从句Theschoolhasoneclassroom,theroofof______ismadeupofgrass.Chemistryisnotusefulforthesestudents,mostof______willgobacktothevillages_______theywereborn.There