阅读课程录屏修改直播

D13直播录播观看情况汇总修辞作用作业(100%)句子简化作业(100%)句子插入作业(100%)主旨题作业(100%)考试流程/复习计划完成率数据统计完成率数据统计作业完成情况修辞目的题作业解答句-句逻辑关系句-段逻辑关系段-段逻辑关系论点论据逻辑关系原因结果逻辑关系细节题经典技巧例证/支持驳斥/反对逻辑/功能关键词+逻辑/功能关键词-考察段落结构/主旨结构式阅读法经典技巧考察2个段落结构/主旨注意段落衔接–上段末

+下段首末信息的封装–修辞目的必杀技A是如何作用于B的？Black–BoxBlack-Box汽车的作用是什么？汽车封装用来路上跑界面接口修辞目的题界面/接口构成：1：逻辑关键词2：功能性关键词3：逻辑+功能性关键词界面/接口完备功能性：1：确定论点论据的角色2：确定论点论据正负逻辑Paragraph1:Inthestudyofperceptualabilitiesofinfants,anumberoftechniquesareusedtodetermineinfants'responsestovariousstimuli.Becausetheycannotverbalizeorfilloutquestionnaires,indirecttechniquesofnaturalisticobservationareusedastheprimarymeansofdeterminingwhatinfantscansee,hear,feel,andsoforth.Eachofthesemethodscomparesaninfant'sstatepriortotheintroductionofastimuluswithitsstateduringorimmediatelyfollowingthestimulus.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomeasuresprovidestheresearcherwithanindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulus.Forexample,ifauniformlymovingpatternofsomesortispassedacrossthevisualfieldofaneonate(newborn),repetitivefollowingmovementsoftheeyeoccur.Theoccurrenceoftheseeyemovementsprovidesevidencethatthemovingpatternisperceivedatsomelevelbythenewborn.Similarly,changesintheinfant'sgenerallevelofmotoractivity—turningthehead,blinkingtheeyes,crying,andsoforth—havebeenusedbyresearchersasvisualindicatorsoftheinfant'sperceptualabilities.(TPO-13-3-3)3.Whydoestheauthormentionrepetitivefollowingmovementsoftheeye?Toidentifyaresponsethatindicatesaneonate'sperceptionofastimulusToexplainwhyaneonateiscapableofrespondingtostimulionlythroughrepetitivemovementsToarguethatmotoractivityinaneonatemayberandomandunrelatedtostimuliToemphasizethatresponsestostimulivaryininfantsaccordingtoage

Paragraph1:Inthestudyofperceptualabilitiesofinfants,anumberoftechniquesareusedtodetermineinfants'responsestovariousstimuli.Becausetheycannotverbalizeorfilloutquestionnaires,indirecttechniquesofnaturalisticobservationareusedastheprimarymeansofdeterminingwhatinfantscansee,hear,feel,andsoforth.Eachofthesemethodscomparesaninfant'sstatepriortotheintroductionofastimuluswithitsstateduringorimmediatelyfollowingthestimulus.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomeasuresprovidestheresearcherwithanindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulus.Forexample,ifauniformlymovingpatternofsomesortispassedacrossthevisualfieldofaneonate(newborn),repetitivefollowingmovementsoftheeyeoccur.Theoccurrenceoftheseeyemovementsprovidesevidencethatthemovingpatternisperceivedatsomelevelbythenewborn.Similarly,changesintheinfant'sgenerallevelofmotoractivity—turningthehead,blinkingtheeyes,crying,andsoforth—havebeenusedbyresearchersasvisualindicatorsoftheinfant'sperceptualabilities.(TPO-13-3-3)3.Whydoestheauthormentionrepetitivefollowingmovementsoftheeye?Toidentifyaresponsethatindicatesaneonate'sperceptionofastimulusToexplainwhyaneonateiscapableofrespondingtostimulionlythroughrepetitivemovements(过于绝对)Toarguethatmotoractivityinaneonatemayberandomandunrelatedtostimuli(逻辑分割+线性原则)Toemphasizethatresponsestostimulivaryininfantsaccordingtoage(无中生有)

P2:Allopatricspeciationmaybethemainspeciationroute.Thisshouldnotbesurprising,sinceallopatryisprettycommon.Ingeneral,thesubpopulationsofmostspeciesareseparatedfromeachotherbysomemeasurabledistance.Soevenundernormalsituationsthegeneflowamongthesubpopulationsismoreofanintermittenttricklethanasteadystream.Inaddition,barrierscanrapidlyariseandshutoffthetrickle.Forexample,inthe1800samonstrousearthquakechangedthecourseoftheMississippiRiver,alargeriverflowinginthecentralpartoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thechangeseparatedpopulationsofinsectsnowlivingalongoppositeshore,completelycuttingoffgeneflowbetweenthem.(TPO-31-1-5)5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthormentionthatsomeinsectpopulationswereseparatedfromeachotherbyachangeinthecourseofMississippiRivercausedbyanearthquake?

○Tomakethepointthatsomekindofphysicalbarrierseparatesthesubpopulationsofmostspecies○Tosupporttheclaimthattheconditionofallopatrycansometimesariseinashorttime○Toprovideanexampleofasituationinwhichgeneflowamongthesubpopulationsofaspecieshappensataslowrate○ToexplaininsectslivingalongoppositeshoresoftheMississippiRiverareverydifferentfromeachother

P2:Allopatricspeciationmaybethemainspeciationroute.Thisshouldnotbesurprising,sinceallopatryisprettycommon.Ingeneral,thesubpopulationsofmostspeciesareseparatedfromeachotherbysomemeasurabledistance.Soevenundernormalsituationsthegeneflowamongthesubpopulationsismoreofanintermittenttricklethanasteadystream.Inaddition,barrierscanrapidlyariseandshutoffthetrickle.Forexample,inthe1800samonstrousearthquakechangedthecourseoftheMississippiRiver,alargeriverflowinginthecentralpartoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thechangeseparatedpopulationsofinsectsnowlivingalongoppositeshore,completelycuttingoffgeneflowbetweenthem.(TPO-31-1-5)5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthormentionthatsomeinsectpopulationswereseparatedfromeachotherbyachangeinthecourseofMississippiRivercausedbyanearthquake?

○Tomakethepointthatsomekindofphysicalbarrierseparatesthesubpopulationsofmostspecies(就近原则)○Tosupporttheclaimthattheconditionofallopatrycansometimesariseinashorttime○Toprovideanexampleofasituationinwhichgeneflowamongthesubpopulationsofaspecieshappensataslowrate(就近原则+逻辑分割)○Toexplaininsects

livingalongoppositeshoresoftheMississippiRiverareverydifferentfromeachother(线性原则)

Paragraph3:Thismodeofcraftproductionfavoredthegrowthofself-governingandideologicallyegalitariancraftguildseverywhereintheMiddleEasterncity.Thesewereessentiallyprofessionalassociationsthatprovidedforthemutualaidandprotectionoftheirmembers,andallowedforthemaintenanceofprofessionalstandards.Thegrowthofindependentguildswasfurtheredbythefactthatsurpluswasnotaresultofdomesticcraftproductionbutresultedprimarilyfrominternationaltrading;thegovernmentleftworkingpeopletogovernthemselves,muchasshepherdsoftribalconfederacieswereleftalonebytheirleaders.Inthemultiplicityofsmall-scalelocalegalitarianorquasi-egalitarianorganizationsforfellowship,worship,andproductionthatflourishedinthislaissez-faireenvironment,individualscouldinteractwithoneanotherwithinacommunityofharmonyandideologicalequality,followingtheirownpopularlyelectedleadersandgoverningthemselvesbysharedconsensuswhileminimizingdistinctionsofwealthandpower.(TPO-16-1-4)4.Theauthorincludestheinformationthatsurpluswasnotaresultofdomesticcraftproductionbutresultedprimarilyfrominternationaltradinginordertosupporttheclaimthatthemodeofproductionmadepossiblebythecraftguildsverygoodfortradecontrasttheeconomicbaseofthecitygovernmentwiththatofthetribalconfederaciesprovideareasonwhythegovernmentallowedtheguildstobeself-controlledsuggestthatthegovernmentwasmissingoutonavaluableopportunitytotaxtheguilds

Paragraph3:Thismodeofcraftproductionfavoredthegrowthofself-governingandideologicallyegalitariancraftguildseverywhereintheMiddleEasterncity.Thesewereessentiallyprofessionalassociationsthatprovidedforthemutualaidandprotectionoftheirmembers,andallowedforthemaintenanceofprofessionalstandards.Thegrowthofindependentguildswasfurthered

bythefact

thatsurpluswasnotaresultofdomesticcraftproductionbutresultedprimarilyfrominternationaltrading;thegovernmentleftworkingpeopletogovernthemselves,muchasshepherdsoftribalconfederacieswereleftalonebytheirleaders.Inthemultiplicityofsmall-scalelocalegalitarianorquasi-egalitarianorganizationsforfellowship,worship,andproductionthatflourishedinthislaissez-faireenvironment,individualscouldinteractwithoneanotherwithinacommunityofharmonyandideologicalequality,followingtheirownpopularlyelectedleadersandgoverningthemselvesbysharedconsensuswhileminimizingdistinctionsofwealthandpower.(TPO-16-1-4)4.Theauthorincludestheinformationthatsurpluswasnotaresultofdomesticcraftproductionbutresultedprimarilyfrominternationaltradinginordertosupporttheclaimthatthemodeofproductionmadepossiblebythecraftguildsverygoodfortrade(就近原则)

contrast

theeconomicbaseofthecitygovernmentwiththatofthetribalconfederacies(逻辑矛盾)provideareasonwhythegovernmentallowedtheguildstobeself-controlledsuggestthatthegovernmentwasmissingoutonavaluableopportunitytotax

theguilds(逻辑矛盾)

Paragraph5:Thepoliticalinstitutionsofthefourcountriesposednosignificantbarrierstoindustrializationoreconomicgrowth.Thenineteenthcenturypassedrelativelypeacefullyforthesecountries,withprogressivedemocratizationtakingplaceinallofthem.Theywerereasonablywellgoverned,withoutnotablecorruptionorgrandiosestateprojects,althoughinallofthemthegovernmentgavesomeaidtorailways,andinSwedenthestatebuiltthemainlines.Assmallcountriesdependentonforeignmarkets,theyfollowedaliberaltradepolicyinthemain,thoughaprotectionistmovementdevelopedinSweden.InDenmarkandSwedenagriculturalreformstookplacegraduallyfromthelateeighteenthcenturythroughthefirsthalfofthenineteenth,resultinginanewclassofpeasantlandownerswithadefinitemarketorientation.(TPO-18-1-9)9.Theauthorincludestheinformationthat“aprotectionistmovementdevelopedinSweden”inordertosupporttheclaimthatthepoliticalinstitutionsofthefourcountriesposednosignificantbarrierstoindustrializationoreconomicgrowthB.identifyanexceptiontothegeneraltrendfavoringliberaltradepolicyC.explainwhySwedenindustrializedlessquicklythantheotherScandinaviancountriesandNetherlandsD.provideevidencethatagriculturalreformstakeplacemorequicklyincountriesthathavealiberaltradepolicythaninthosethatdonotParagraph5:Thepoliticalinstitutionsofthefourcountriesposednosignificantbarrierstoindustrializationoreconomicgrowth.Thenineteenthcenturypassedrelativelypeacefullyforthesecountries,withprogressivedemocratizationtakingplaceinallofthem.Theywerereasonablywellgoverned,withoutnotablecorruptionorgrandiosestateprojects,althoughinallofthemthegovernmentgavesomeaidtorailways,andinSwedenthestatebuiltthemainlines.Assmallcountriesdependentonforeignmarkets,theyfollowedaliberaltradepolicyinthemain,though

aprotectionistmovementdevelopedinSweden.InDenmarkandSwedenagriculturalreformstookplacegraduallyfromthelateeighteenthcenturythroughthefirsthalfofthenineteenth,resultinginanewclassofpeasantlandownerswithadefinitemarketorientation.(TPO-18-1-9)9.Theauthorincludestheinformationthat“aprotectionistmovementdevelopedinSweden”inordertosupporttheclaimthatthepoliticalinstitutionsofthefourcountriesposednosignificantbarrierstoindustrializationoreconomicgrowth(逻辑矛盾+就近原则)B.identifyanexceptiontothegeneraltrendfavoringliberaltradepolicyC.explainwhySwedenindustrializedlessquicklythantheotherScandinaviancountriesandNetherlands(无否定)D.provideevidencethatagriculturalreformstakeplacemorequicklyincountriesthathavealiberaltradepolicy

thaninthosethatdonot(逻辑矛盾+线性原则)P2:Savannastypicallyexperiencearatherprolongeddryseason.Onetheorybehindsavannaformationisthatwetforestspeciesareunabletowithstandthedryseason,andthussavanna,ratherthanrainforest,isfavoredonthesite.Savannasexperienceanannualrainfallofbetween1,000and2,000millimeters,mostofitfallinginafive-toeight-monthwetseason.Thoughplentyofrainmayfallonasavannaduringtheyear,foratleastpartoftheyearlittledoes,creatingthedroughtstressultimatelyfavoringgrasses.SuchconditionsprevailthroughoutmuchofnorthernSouthAmericaandCuba,butmanyCentralAmericansavannasaswellascoastalareasofBrazilandtheislandofTrinidaddonotfitthispattern.Intheseareas,rainfallpermonthexceedsthatintheabovedefinition,sootherfactorsmustcontributetosavannaformation.(TPO-31-3-2)2.Inparagraph2,theauthormentionssavannasinCentralAmerica,Brazil,andtheislandofTrinidadinorderto:

○arguethatthesesavannasaresimilartothoseinSouthAmericaandCuba○pointoutexceptionstothepatternofsavannaformationinareaswithdroughtstress○provideadditionalexamplesofsavannasinareaswithfive-to-eight-monthwetseasons○indicateareaswheresavannasarebeinggraduallyreplacedbyrainforestsP2:Savannastypicallyexperiencearatherprolongeddryseason.Onetheorybehindsavannaformationisthatwetforestspeciesareunabletowithstandthedryseason,andthussavanna,ratherthanrainforest,isfavoredonthesite.Savannasexperienceanannualrainfallofbetween1,000and2,000millimeters,mostofitfallinginafive-toeight-monthwetseason.Thoughplentyofrainmayfallonasavannaduringtheyear,foratleastpartoftheyearlittledoes,creatingthedroughtstressultimatelyfavoringgrasses.SuchconditionsprevailthroughoutmuchofnorthernSouthAmericaandCuba,but

manyCentralAmericansavannasaswellascoastalareasofBrazilandtheislandofTrinidad

donotfitthispattern.Intheseareas,rainfallpermonthexceedsthatintheabovedefinition,sootherfactorsmustcontributetosavannaformation.(TPO-31-3-2)2.Inparagraph2,theauthormentionssavannasinCentralAmerica,Brazil,andtheislandofTrinidadinorderto:

○arguethatthesesavannasaresimilartothoseinSouthAmericaandCuba(逻辑矛盾)○pointoutexceptionstothepatternofsavannaformationinareaswithdroughtstress○provideadditionalexamplesofsavannasinareaswithfive-to-eight-monthwetseasons(逻辑矛盾+就近+逻辑分割)○indicateareaswheresavannasarebeinggraduallyreplacedbyrainforests(就近原则+逻辑分割)paragraph1Dinosaursrapidlybecameextinctabout65millionyearsagoaspartofamassextinctionknownastheK-Tevent,becauseitisassociatedwithageologicalsignatureknownastheK-Tboundary,usuallyathinbandofsedimentationfoundinvariouspartsoftheworld(KisthetraditionalabbreviationfortheCretaceous,derivedfromtheGermannameKreidezeit).Manyexplanationshavebeenproposedforwhydinosaursbecameextinct.Forexample,somehaveblameddinosaurextinctiononthedevelopmentoffloweringplants,whichweresupposedlymoredifficulttodigestandcouldhavecausedconstipationorindigestion—exceptthatfloweringplantsfirstevolvedintheEarlyCretaceous,about60millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdiedout.Infact,severalscientistshavesuggestedthattheduckbilldinosaursandhomeddinosaurs,withtheircomplexbatteryofgrindingteeth,evolvedtoexploitthisnewresourceofrapidlygrowingfloweringplantsOthershaveblamedextinctiononcompetitionfromthemammals,whichallegedlyateallthedinosaureggs—exceptthatmammalsanddinosaursappearedatthesametimeintheLateTriassic,about190millionyearsago,andthereisnoreasontobelievethatmammalssuddenlyacquiredatastefordinosaureggsafter120millionyearsofcoexistence.Someexplanations(suchastheonestatingthatdinosaursalldiedofdiseases)failbecausethereisnowaytoscientificallytestthem,andtheycannotmovebeyondtherealmofspeculationandguesswork.(TPO-42-2-1)1.Inparagraph1,whydoestheauthorincludeadiscussionofwhenfloweringplantsevolved?

A.TohelpexplainwhysomescientistsbelievethatthedevelopmentoffloweringplantsledtodinosaurextinctionB.TocastdoubtonthetheorythatthedevelopmentoffloweringplantscauseddinosaurstoeextinctC.TosuggestthatdinosaurswereabletosurviveforaslongastheydidbecauseoftheavailabilityoffloweringplantsD.Toemphasizethatduckbilldinosaursandhorneddinosaurswerethefirstdinosaurstoeextinct

paragraph1Dinosaursrapidlybecameextinctabout65millionyearsagoaspartofamassextinctionknownastheK-Tevent,becauseitisassociatedwithageologicalsignatureknownastheK-Tboundary,usuallyathinbandofsedimentationfoundinvariouspartsoftheworld(KisthetraditionalabbreviationfortheCretaceous,derivedfromtheGermannameKreidezeit).Manyexplanationshavebeenproposedforwhydinosaursbecameextinct.Forexample,somehaveblameddinosaurextinctiononthedevelopmentoffloweringplants,whichweresupposedlymoredifficulttodigestandcouldhavecausedconstipationorindigestion—exceptthatfloweringplantsfirstevolvedintheEarlyCretaceous,about60millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdiedout.Infact,severalscientistshavesuggestedthattheduckbilldinosaursandhomeddinosaurs,withtheircomplexbatteryofgrindingteeth,evolvedtoexploitthisnewresourceofrapidlygrowingfloweringplantsOthershaveblamedextinctiononcompetitionfromthemammals,whichallegedlyateallthedinosaureggs—exceptthatmammalsanddinosaursappearedatthesametimeintheLateTriassic,about190millionyearsago,andthereisnoreasontobelievethatmammalssuddenlyacquiredatastefordinosaureggsafter120millionyearsofcoexistence.Someexplanations(suchastheonestatingthatdinosaursalldiedofdiseases)failbecausethereisnowaytoscientificallytestthem,andtheycannotmovebeyondtherealmofspeculationandguesswork.(TPO-42-2-1)1.Inparagraph1,whydoestheauthorincludeadiscussionofwhenfloweringplantsevolved?

A.TohelpexplainwhysomescientistsbelievethatthedevelopmentoffloweringplantsledtodinosaurextinctionB.TocastdoubtonthetheorythatthedevelopmentoffloweringplantscauseddinosaurstoeextinctC.TosuggestthatdinosaurswereabletosurviveforaslongastheydidbecauseoftheavailabilityoffloweringplantsD.Toemphasizethatduckbilldinosaursandhorneddinosaurswerethefirstdinosaurstoeextinct

P1:IntheMesaVerdeareaoftheancientNorthAmericanSouthwest,livingpatternschangedinthethirteenthcentury,withlargenumbersofpeoplemovingintolargecommunaldwellingscalledpueblos,oftenconstructedattheedgesofcanyons,especiallyonthesidesofcliffs.Abandoningsmallextended-familyhouseholdstomoveintotheselargepuebloswithdozensifnothundredsofotherpeoplewasprobablytraumatic.Fewoftheculturaltraditionsandrulesthattodayallowustodealwithdensepopulationsexistedforthesepeopleaccustomedtohouseholdautonomyandtheabilitytomovearoundthelandscapealmostatwill.Andbesidestheawkwardnessofhavingtosharewallswithneighbors,livinginaggregatedpueblosintroducedotherproblems.Forpeopleincliffdwellings,haulingwater,wood,andfoodtotheirhomeswasamajorchore.Thestressonlocalresources,especiallyinthefirewoodneededfordailycookingandwarmth,wasparticularlyintense,andconditionsinaggregatedpuebloswerenotveryhygienic.(TPO-24-3-4)4.Whichofthefollowingbestindicatestheorganizationofparagraph1?

○Itpresentstheconditionsthatcausedachangeinapopulation’slivingpatternsandthenexplainswhythoseconditionsgotworse.○Itidentifiescertainpresent-dayculturaltraditionsandrulesandthentracesthemtotheirrootsinthethirteenthcentury.○Itcastsdoubtononeexplanationofthemovetopueblosandthenintroducesanalternativeexplanationthatthepassagewilldefend.○Itdescribesamajorchangeinapopulation’slivingpatternsandthenpresentsanumberofproblemsthatresultedfromthatchange.

P1:IntheMesaVerdeareaoftheancientNorthAmericanSouthwest,livingpatternschanged

inthethirteenthcentury,withlargenumbersofpeoplemovingintolargecommunaldwellingscalledpueblos,oftenconstructedattheedgesofcanyons,especiallyonthesidesofcliffs.Abandoningsmallextended-familyhouseholdstomoveintotheselargepuebloswithdozensifnothundredsofotherpeoplewasprobablytraumatic.Fewoftheculturaltraditionsandrulesthattodayallowustodealwithdensepopulationsexistedforthesepeopleaccustomed

tohouseholdautonomyandtheabilitytomovearoundthelandscapealmostatwill.Andbesidestheawkwardnessofhavingtosharewallswithneighbors,livinginaggregatedpueblosintroducedotherproblems.Forpeopleincliffdwellings,haulingwater,wood,andfoodtotheirhomeswasamajorchore.Thestressonlocalresources,especiallyinthefirewoodneededfordailycookingandwarmth,wasparticularlyintense,andconditionsinaggregatedpuebloswerenotveryhygienic.(TPO-24-3-4)4.Whichofthefollowingbestindicatestheorganizationofparagraph1?

○Itpresentstheconditionsthatcausedachangeinapopulation’slivingpatternsandthenexplainswhythoseconditionsgotworse.(少problem)○Itidentifiescertainpresent-dayculturaltraditionsandrulesandthentracesthemtotheirrootsinthethirteenthcentury.(少change，少problem)○Itcastsdoubt

ononeexplanationofthemovetopueblosandthenintroducesanalternative

explanationthatthepassagewilldefend.(逻辑矛盾，少change，少problem)○Itdescribesamajorchangeinapopulation’slivingpatternsandthenpresentsanumberofproblemsthatresultedfromthatchange.

P3:Theburningoffuel,suchasbycars,isnottheonlysourceofthisincreasedheat.Twootherfactorscontributetothehigheroveralltemperatureincities.Thefirstistheheatcapacityofthematerialsthatconstitutethecity,whichistypicallydominatedbyconcreteandasphalt.Duringtheday,heatfromtheSuncanbeconductedintothesematerialsandstored—tobereleasedatnight.Butinthecountrysidematerialshaveasignificantlylowerheatcapacitybecauseavegetativeblanketpreventsheatfromeasilyflowingintoandoutoftheground.ThesecondfactoristhatradiantheatcomingintothecityfromtheSunistrappedintwoways:(1)byacontinuingseriesofreflectionamongthenumerousverticalsurfacesthatbuildingspresentand(2)bythedustdome,thecloudlikelayerofpollutedairthatmostcitiesproduce.ShortwaveradiationfromtheSunpassesthroughthepollutiondomemoreeasilythanoutgoinglongwaveradiationdoes;thelatterisabsorbedbythegaseouspollutantsofthedomeandreradiatedbacktotheurbansurface.(TPO-23-1-6)6.Howisparagraph3organized?

○Itdescribestwofactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedheatofcitiesandthenprovidestwocausesforthesecondfactor.○Itdescribestwocausesdiscoveredinanearlyanalysisoftheincreasedheatofcities.○Itdescribestwofactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedheatofcitiesandtwootherfactorsthatworkagainstit.○Itdescribestwowell-establishedcausesoftheincreasedheatofcitiesandothertwowhoserolesarelesswellunderstood.P3:Theburningoffuel,suchasbycars,isnottheonlysourceofthisincreasedheat.Twootherfactors

contributetothehigheroveralltemperatureincities.Thefirstis

theheatcapacityofthematerialsthatconstitutethecity,whichistypicallydominatedbyconcreteandasphalt.Duringtheday,heatfromtheSuncanbeconductedintothesematerialsandstored—tobereleasedatnight.Butinthecountrysidematerialshaveasignificantlylowerheatcapacitybecauseavegetativeblanketpreventsheatfromeasilyflowingintoandoutoftheground.ThesecondfactoristhatradiantheatcomingintothecityfromtheSunistrappedintwoways:(1)

byacontinuingseriesofreflectionamongthenumerousverticalsurfacesthatbuildingspresentand(2)bythedustdome,thecloudlikelayerofpollutedairthatmostcitiesproduce.ShortwaveradiationfromtheSunpassesthroughthepollutiondomemoreeasilythanoutgoinglongwaveradiationdoes;thelatterisabsorbedbythegaseouspollutantsofthedomeandreradiatedbacktotheurbansurface.(TPO-23-1-6)6.Howisparagraph3organized?

○Itdescribestwofactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedheatofcitiesandthenprovidestwo

causes

forthesecondfactor.○Itdescribestwocausesdiscoveredinanearlyanalysisoftheincreasedheatofcities.○Itdescribestwofactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedheatofcitiesandtwootherfactorsthatworkagainstit.○Itdescribestwowell-establishedcausesoftheincreasedheatofcitiesandothertwowhoserolesarelesswellunderstood.修辞目的题作业补充解答Paragraph2:Whencrayfisharekeptcontinuouslyinthedark,evenforfourtofivemonths,theircompoundeyescontinuetoadjustonadailyschedulefordaytimeandnighttimevision.Horseshoecrabskeptinthedarkcontinuouslyforayearwerefoundtomaintainapersistentrhythmofbrainactivitythatsimilarlyadaptstheireyesonadailyscheduleforbrightorforweaklight.Likealmostalldailycyclesofanimalsdeprivedofenvironmentalcues,thosemeasuredforthehorseshoecrabsintheseconditionswerenotexactly24hours.Sucharhythmwhoseperiodisapproximately—butnotexactly—adayiscalledcircadian.Fordifferentindividualhorseshoecrabs,thecircadianperiodrangedfrom22.2t