专题02定语从句口语2完形填空（知识梳理提高）

专题02定语从句+口语2+完形填空·模块一定语从句考点归纳·模块二口语：情景提问·模块三完形填空·模块四高考常考词组2·模块五2024届上海高三名校真题速递模块模块一定语从句考点归纳关系词关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as关系副词when,where,why考点一：区分用关系代词还是关系副词。先判断定语从句句子成分，若从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补，则用关系代词，指人用who或that，宾格用whom或that，指人或物的定语用whose，指物用which或that，as则用于固定搭配thesame/such/soas中；注意：关系代词作宾语时可以省略，此时容易做错题目。若缺状语则用关系副词，先行词是时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedmewhenIwasintrouble.Thedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.Thecowswhich/thatmayhavebeenexposedtoBSEwillbedestroyed.That’sthestudentswhoseapplicationwehavejustread.I’mwearingthesamedressasyouworeyesterday.(同一类)Thisisthesamedressthatyouworeyesterday.(同一个)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.(定语从句)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.(结果状语从句)DoyouknowtheyearwhenTheDeclarationofIndependencewaspublished?Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?Iknowthereason(which/that)heexplainedatthemeeting.考点二：先行词为抽象时间和地点名词。常考抽象时间：occasion；常考抽象地点：case,point,situation,circumstance,stage,state,position等。Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.考点三：关系代词只用that,which或who的情况。用that的情况：1、先行词为all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。2、先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等词修饰时。3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。4、先行词是数词或被数词修饰。5、先行词既有人又有物时。6、在以which，who，what引起的问句中。7、关系代词在限定性从句中作表语。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.用which的情况：1、非限制性定语从句中。2、关系代词前有介词时。Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.用who的情况：1、先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。2、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。3、在therebe开头的句子中。4、一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.考点四：非限制性定语从句及其关系代词as,which的用法区别。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用，用逗号与主句隔开。关系词只有who,whom,whose,which,as,when,where。其中as与which都可指主句整个句子。其区别为：1、位置不同which引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as引导的定语从句可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.2、先行词不同as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.3、as有“正如”、“就像”之意，对主句内容进行评述，which则没有此含义。常用的结构有asweknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;asweallcansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。4、which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,bee等，一般不用其他行为动词。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.考点五：介词+关系代词（which，whom，whose）的情况。1、介词+关系代词2、名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词3、形容词最高级+介词+关系代词4、介词+关系代词+名词MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.MandelawastheblacklawyerforwhoseadviceIasked.Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vepletelyforgotten.Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.考点六：theway后、分隔式和有插入语的定语从句Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(that/inwhich)hesaidit.Thecountryhasariverflowingthroughthecitythatplaysanimportantpartinthelivesofitspeople.Thisisthewomanwhothemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.模块模块二口语：情景提问测量目标：能运用所学的语言功能意念知识/根据情景要求进行询问以获得所需的信息。答题时，首先应该正确理解所给情景，其次要针对情景中需要解决的问题提问，也就是要问在点子上。尤其是当有些题目对提问的范围已做出明显的限制时，更要注意提问的有效性。另外根据指示语的要求，对每个情景所提的两个问题中，一定要有一个特殊疑问句，不能是两个一般疑问句。但两个问题都是特殊疑问句的话是可以接受的。情景提问部分评分标准：1分 能对所给的情景进行提问，内容恰当，问句结构正确。0.5分 提问基本符合情景要求，但语言结构有错误。0分 不能提问或提问不符合情景要求。(注：1.对同一情景问两个一般疑问句，第二个问题得0.5分；2.两个问题针对同一信息，第二个问题得0.5分；3.问两个特殊疑问句不扣分。）Directions:Asktwoquestionsabouteachsituationgivenbelow.Atleastonespecialquestionshouldbeaskedabouteachsituation.Questions12:YourAmericanteacherisgoingtogiveyoudramalessonsthissemester.Youasktheteacheraboutthelessons.Question1:Question2:Questions34:YouaregoingtovisitaroyalpalaceinThailand.Youaskyourtourguideabouttheroyalpalace.Question3:Question4:Questions1~2: 1.IsthereanythingthatIcanprepareinadvance?2.Howmanylessonswillwehaveperweek?Questions343.Whereistheroyalpalacelocated?4.Howmanyyearsofhistorydoestheroyalpalacehave?模块模块三完形填空1、解题步骤1）要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2）在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。3）再次细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。4）答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。2、解题技巧1）精读首句，把握主题。Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemostfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike【答案】D2）注意句子逻辑关系。——并列、递进、对立（转折/对比/让步）、因果、例证等。并列：Expensiveworksofartareoftenstoredinprotectiveboxespletewithdetectorstomonitorhumidityandtemperaturelevels,andtoprotectthemfromsundamageorother__45__suchasaspilledcupofcoffee.45.A.accidentsB.appliances C.measures D.drinks【答案】A因果：Eatingfastfoodmakespeopleimpatientevenwhentheyarenotshortoftime,anewstudyclaims.StudentsinthestudybecameanxiousevenwhenshownthelogoofburgerchainMcDonald’ssoquicklyonscreenthattheycouldnot__42__it.42.A.recognizeB.investigate C.diagnoseD.recall【答案】A对立：Participantsalsopreferredtimesavingproductslikethreeinoneskincaretreatmentsratherthan__49__versionsafterseeingthelogos.49.A.separateB.specialC.expensive D.original【答案】A总分：Theoutesmaywellvaryaccordingtoindividualresponsestothedrugs.__47__,someresearchhasfoundthatwhilestimulantscanimprovetestperformanceforthosewhoarelessintelligent,forthesmartestfolks,thedrugscanhavetheoppositeeffect.47.A.ForexampleB.OnthecontraryC.Asaresult D.Ontheotherhand【答案】A递进：Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.___55___,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.55.A.ThereforeB.Moreover C.However D.Forinstance【答案】B3）根据上下文，理解语篇。——句意理解、词汇复现、释义词汇复现：Wearefloodedbyemails,texts,orthenewsfeedsonourFacebookpages.MyfriendRonreferstothistechnologyas“weaponsofmassdistraction.”Buthowisthismassdistractionaffectingourdegreeofpresenceandabilitytoattendtotheeverydaydemandsoflife?The__45__isjustpartofthelargerpicture.Dealingwithacrowdofdailytextmessagesandemailsmakesitdifficultforustobebyourselveswhenallthatactivitystops.45.A.attention B.association C.demand D.distraction【答案】D释义：Shecanalsodeterminetherighttreatmentwhenyourconditionfallsoutsideofwhatisinthe___43___,wherenewbiesgetmostoftheirideas.Formanymedicaltreatments,there’sadirectconnectionbetweenphysicianexperienceandyourtreatingoute.43.A.mediaB.traditionC.realityD.textbook【答案】D句意理解：Clichéscanbe__42__accordingtowhethertheywereoriginallyidioms,similesandproverbs,expressionsfromtradesor__43__phrases.42. A.confirmed B.quoted C.inferred D.classified43. A.invented B.customized C.recognized D.underlined【答案】DA模块模块四高考常考词组2(A)需要熟记的词组 bansb.fromdoing/abanon 禁止…做 abarriertoprogress 进步的障碍blockone'sprogress 阻碍某人进步beinbalance 在平衡状态adeadbattery 电池没电了bearsth.inmind 记住bebehindmeinEnglish. 英语比我差fallbehind/outofdate 落后/过时了forthetimebeing 暂时bebeneficialto …对…有好处beyondone'simagination 超出想象believein 相信belongto 属于blamesb.forsth. 指责…有错botherabout 为担心boastof 对…自豪、吹嘘goonboardtheplane 登上飞机breakthebadhabit 改掉坏习惯bringsb.up 养育某人browsethroughabook 随便翻看书burstintolaughter 忍不住大笑buildupenergy 积蓄能量takesth.bymistake 拿错bymeansof 以…为手段rise/increase/decreaseby10% 增长10%abarriertoprogress 进步的障石bebornin 出生于beblindinbotheyes 双目失明breakout （火、战争）爆发bringabout 造成结果(B)单词中容易混淆的词base/basisbeat/winblock/barrier(C)常考句型Itwasn’tlongbeforesb.didsth.当时没过多久就…Itwon’tbelongbeforesb.do/doessth.不久后就将Itwasn’tlongbeforeherealizethemistake.当时不久他就发现了错误Itwon’tbelongbeforewegetreunitedagain.不久我们就将重聚模块模块五2024届上海高三名校真题速递一、定语从句1．Thisisthereasonhedidn’tetothemeeting.A．when B．why C．that D．who【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他没有来开会的原因。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason指“原因”，因此用why引导定语从句，故选B。2．ThereisagirlsellsChinaDailyaroundthecorner.A．who B．where C．inwhich D．which【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：街角有个卖《中国日报》的女孩。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词girl是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选A。3．DoyouknowtheyeartheChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A．which B．that C．when D．whose【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道中国共产党是哪一年成立的吗？分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theyear，先行词在从句中表示事件发生的时间，作时间状语，因此应用关系副词when作引导词。故选C。4．—DoyouliketheweeklyprogramReadersonCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram_________candevelopthehabitofreading.A．who B．that C．what D．whose【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你喜欢中央电视台的周播节目《朗读者》吗？——当然，它是一档不错的电视节目，可以培养阅读习惯。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是TVprogram，指物，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故选B。5．iswellknowntous,Tianjinhasahistoryofmorethan600years.A．As B．What C．Where D．It【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，天津有600多年的历史。表示“众所周知”应用asiswellknowntous，as引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。6．Mostwomenidentifiedatleastonetrustedfriends________theycouldturnforhelp.A．towhich B．onwhich C．towhom D．onwhom【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大多数女性至少有一个可以求助的可信赖的朋友。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为friends，turntosb.为固定搭配，意为“求助某人”，故先行词从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom。故选C。7．________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．Which B．That C．As D．What【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，月亮每月围绕地球一圈。此处引导定语从句，先行词为“themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth”这件事，且意思为“正如”，故应用as引导，故选C。8．Mary,________drawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonth,isamodelstudent.A．who B．which C．whom D．whose【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Mary是一个模范学生，她的画上个月在展会上展出。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Mary，指人，且从句中的drawings与Mary之间为从属关系，应用whose引导。故选D。9．WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.A．forwhich B．onwhich C．bywhich D．onthat【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句和介词的用法。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词means，means指物，通常和介词by搭配，表示“通过……方式”，因此应用“介词+关系代词”，即bywhich引导定语从句。故选C。10．Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,__________theneighborsandthehouse__________Iusedtobefamiliarwithweregone.A．onlyfinding;which B．onlytofind;that C．tofind;where D．found;that【答案】B【详解】考查不定式和定语从句。句意：去年暑假，我回到家乡，却发现我熟悉的邻居和房子都已经不见了。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处为结果状语，且表示出乎意料的结果，应用不定式(only)todo引导，故填onlytofind；空2：此处引导定语从句，先行词为theneighborsandthehouse，定语从句中缺少with的宾语，故应用that引导。故选B。【点睛】11．Thatboywasrudetotheconductor,______ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.A．who B．whom C．what D．which【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个男孩对列车长很粗鲁，当然，这使情况变得更糟。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选D。12．John,aprofessorattheKing’sCollegeLondon,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingminority______arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.A．what B．which C．where D．who【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是伦敦国王学院(King’sCollegeLondon)的一名教授，他是因为气候变化而减少航空旅行的少数群体之一，这个群体虽然人数不多，但正在不断壮大。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，先行词是thesmallbutgrowingminority，在从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who。故选D。13．ADisneythemedairplane,________bodyhugeMickeyMousefigureswerepainted,appearedinShanghai.A．ofwhich B．acrosswhose C．acrosswhich D．ofwhose【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海出现了一架迪斯尼主题飞机，飞机的机身上画着巨大的米老鼠形象。此处是非限制性定语从句，whose代替先行词theairplane，在从句中作定语，修饰body；介词across意为“在……上；在各处，遍及”，介词of意为“……的；……的一部分”,分析句意，across合适，表示在飞机的机身上。故选B。14．Theabsolutemostimportantskill________youlearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegooddecisions.A．that B．what C．whether D．how【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在下棋时学到的最重要的技巧是如何做出不错的决定。分析句子结构，________youlearn是一个定语从句，指代先行词skill，指物，且其前有形容词最高级mostimportant修饰，所以只能用that引导。故选A。15．________isknowntousallthattheoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.A．As;whose B．It;whom C．It;whose D．As;whom【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：众所周知，那个过去生活很苦的老科学家，八十多岁仍然努力工作。分析句子可知，第一个空处应为形式主语，代替主语从句“thattheoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.”，故应用It；第二个空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“theoldscientist”，在从句中作介词“for”的宾语，故应用关系代词whom。故选B。16．Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyears,________mostforeignstudentspletesbeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.A．inwhich B．which C．ofwhich D．when【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她已经完成了大部分外国学生在申请学位课程之前完成的准备工作的一半。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词thepreparationyears，先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选B。17．Mymotherisgratefultothesurgeon,without________firstaidshewouldneverrosetoherfeetagain.A．whom B．his. C．which D．whose【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我母亲很感激那位外科医生，没有他的急救，她就再也站不起来了。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且firstaid和先行词surgeon构成所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”。故选D。18．StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．what B．that C．where D．which【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂芬·霍金认为，地球不可能是唯一一个生命逐渐发展的星球。句中先行词为planet，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选C。19．CelesteNg’slatestbook,plotisquitenewandoriginal,hasreceivedalotofattention.A．which B．where C．whose D．that【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：伍绮诗的新书情节新颖、具有原创性，受到了广泛关注。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词book作补充说明，先行词在从句中作定语，和plot之间是所属关系，因此应用关系代词whose作引导词。故选C。20．—Doyouknowthegirlwith________wetalkedjustnow?—Ofcourse.Sheismybestfriend.A．whose B．which C．who D．whom【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你认识刚才和我们谈话的那个女孩吗？——当然。她是我最好的朋友。在定语从句中缺少宾语，先行词为girl，且空格前有介词with，所以应用关系代词whom。故选D。二、完形填空（2023上·上海松江·高三统考期末）Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthotairballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghpletedthefirstonepersontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry21,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflyingtaxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitspetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof22flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya23fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.YetupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan24aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder25,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)takeoffandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreduceplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughtofortably26acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswellsuitedto27operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired28predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove29expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningouttobea(n)30processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto31itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis32practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Somebelievethattheircostmayedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflyingtaxirideswillbeaccessibleto33inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbeparabletocatchingamontaxi.34,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience35onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.21．A．cooperator B．petitor C．observer D．pioneer22．A．winddriven B．batterydriven C．gasdriven D．solardriven23．A．substitute B．shelter C．treatment D．desire24．A．regulate B．maintain C．unlock D．reverse25．A．pressure B．attack C．development D．repair26．A．underestimate B．update C．outpace D．overdo27．A．rigid B．autonomous C．attentive D．illegal28．A．daring B．discouraging C．unclear D．ordinary29．A．technological B．unrealistic C．rewarding D．enthusiastic30．A．efficient B．simple C．lengthy D．intelligent31．A．putoff B．speedup C．objectto D．approveof32．A．historically B．technically C．theoretically D．economically33．A．thelearned B．thedisabled C．theseniors D．themasses34．A．Furthermore B．However C．Fortunately D．Consequently35．A．affordable B．valuable C．unbelievable D．unsuitable【答案】21．D22．B23．A24．C25．C26．C27．B28．A29．D30．C31．A32．D33．D34．B35．A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务。A.cooperator合作者；B.petitor竞争者；C.observer观察者；D.pioneer先锋。根据下文“launchesaflyingtaxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务，这在以前是没有的，所以这是行业先驱，空格处用pioneer。故选D。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在今年6月的巴黎航展上，Volocopter及其一些竞争对手展示了专为城市交通设计的新一代电池驱动飞行器。A.winddriven风驱动的；B.batterydriven电池驱动的；C.gasdriven燃气驱动的；D.solardriven太阳能驱动的。根据下文“Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavy”可知，飞行器是电池驱动的。故选B。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：航空电气化常常被认为是白日梦，因为人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。A.substitute替代物；B.shelter庇护处；C.treatment治疗；D.desire渴望。根据上文“batteriesassumedtooheavy”和下文“fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle”可知，人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。故选A。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求。A.regulate调节；B.maintain保持；C.unlock开启；D.reverse预定。根据下文“aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances”可知，此处表示“像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求”，空格处意为“开启”。故选C。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正在开发的飞行出租车的主要形式被称为电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞机，预计最多可搭载四名乘客和一名飞行员。A.pressure压力；B.attack袭击；C.development开发；D.repair修理。根据上文“Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____1____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflyingtaxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，这种飞行出租车明年才推出，所以现在是正在被开发。故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它由电池供电，预计既能安静到减少拥挤城市中的抱怨，又能快速行驶:时速可达300公里，足以轻松超过汽车，尤其是堵车的汽车。A.underestimate低估；B.update更新；C.outpace赶过；D.overdo把……做得过分。根据上文“capableofupto300kph”可知，时速可达300公里，可以超过汽车。故选C。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乐观主义者认为，空中交通的减少也将使eVTOLs非常适合自主操作。A.rigid严格死板的；B.autonomous自动的；C.attentive注意的，专心的；D.illegal非法的。根据上文“theabsenceoftrafficinthesky”可知，空中交通的减少就使得eVTOL很适合自主操作。故选B。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一愿景激发了大胆的预测。A.daring大胆的；B.discouraging令人沮丧的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.ordinary普通的。根据下文“Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040”可知，关于eVTOLs的愿景激发了人的大胆预测，所以有人愿意花钱在eVTOL上。故选A。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有上述热情的期望，挑战依然存在。A.technological技术的；B.unrealistic不现实的；C.rewarding值得的，有意义的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据上文“AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswellsuitedto____7____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.”可知，上文所说的是对eVTOL的热情的期望。故选D。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是技术认证，这是一个漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。A.efficient效率高的；B.simple简单的；C.lengthy冗长的；D.intelligent聪明的。根据上文“technicalcertification”和下文“aviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft”可知，技术认证是很漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。故选C。31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年年底，由于监管延误和其他一些因素，硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年，直到2025年。A.putoff推迟；B.speedup加速；C.objectto反对；D.approveof同意。根据上文“duetoregulatorydelays”可知，监管延误导致硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年。故选A。32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：更大的问题是——飞行出租车在经济上可行吗？A.historically历史上地；B.technically技术上；C.theoretically理论上；D.economically在经济上。根据“EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.”可知，EVTOL很贵，所以此处问的问题是它在经济上是否可行。故选D。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：波音支持的制造商Wisk的BrianYutko说，在不久的将来，群众将可以乘坐飞行出租车。A.thelearned学识渊博的人；B.thedisabled残疾人；C.theseniors老年人；D.themasses群众。根据下文“itsfareswillbeparabletocatchingamontaxi”可知，它的票价与普通出租车相当，那么将来普通的群众也可以乘坐这种飞行出租车。故选D。34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一种相反的观点认为evtol可能仍然很昂贵。A.Furthermore另外；B.However然而；C.Fortunately幸运的是；D.Consequently结果。根据上文“Jobypromisesthatitsfareswillbeparabletocatchingamontaxi”和下文“thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive”可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处是However。故选B。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，即使没有飞行员，飞行出租车可能仍然是一种只有少数幸运儿才能负担得起的便利。A.affordable负担得起的；B.valuable有价值的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.unsuitable不合适的。根据上文“Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare”可知，飞行出租车票价仍然很贵，所以只有少数人才能负担得起。故选A。（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）InMumbai,there’stheceaselessclamorofcarhomesasdriversedgethroughtraffic.There’spoundingandbuzzingfromtheconstructionofofficetowersandapartmentblocks.Drumbeatsandtrumpetmelodiesspilloutfromweddingsandcountlessfestivals.Andit’salltoppedoffbybellowing(大声吼叫的)streetvendorsandgarbagetrucksblastingBollywoodsongs.LivinginMumbairequiresahuge36fornoise.WhenSumairaAbdulalibegancampaigningagainstnoisepollutioninIndia’sfinancialcapitaltwodecadesago,friends,acquaintancesandevenherlawyersinsisteditwas37.“Peopletoldmeit’sfoolishtoeventry,becauseIndianslovenoise,”shesays.“We’reanoisycountry.”Butin2003,Abdulaliwonalawsuitseekingto38environmentalrulesthathadallowedloudmusiclateintothenightduringafestival.39,thevictoryledtoabanonloudspeakerswithin100metersofschools,hospitals,courtsandplacesofworship.AndshehassincewonmorethanadozenotheractionsbothonherownandviatheAwaazFoundation(awaazmeans“noise”inHindi),whichshelaunchedin2006.TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatnoiseisatopthreattohuman40,affectingnotonlyhearingbutalsosleep,braindevelopmentandcardiovascularhealth.AbdulaliclaimsMumbaiistheworld’s41city.AstudyledbyRiteshVijay,anexpertfromIndia’sNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute,didfindthatnoiselevelsinMumbaiandsurroundingareasin2020dramaticallyexceedlegallimits.Inrecentyears,thebattleagainstnoisehasbeeincreasingly42,withAbdulalioftenfacingpowerfulinterestswhoconsideritaninevitablebyproductofgrowth.Withincreasing43,evermorepeopleareexposedtocontinuousnoise.InarapidlyexpandingcitysuchasMumbai,withapopulationtopping12million,demandforhousingputsnoiserules44developmentplans.Althoughsoundbarriersarerequiredforconstructionprojects,they’reexpensive,sodevelopers45installingthem.Trafficisatougherproblem.Noiseontheroadcanreach110decibels(分贝)—alevelthatcanleadtopermanenthearingdamageafterjust15minutesofexposure,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Luckily,46canhelpinthefight,Vijaysays.Hesuggestsdevicesthatmeasurehornuse,whichwouldletofficialsoffer47driversrewardslikedeductions(扣除)oncarinsurance.Dynamicsignaling,wheresensorslinkedtostoplightsdetecttrafficdensity,wouldimprovevehicleflowand48

theurgetoresorttohorns,hesays.Localgovernmentalso49.Mumbaidecreed(颁布)India’sfirst“NoHonking”dayin2008,withpolicehandingoutbookletstoraiseawarenessabouttrafficnoiseandimposingfinesupto1,000rupees($12)onoffendingmotorists.Farmoreimportantisthelongertermimpactofthedaytodaynoise,sothat’swhereVijaybelievesactivistsshouldfocustheirenergy.“InIndiawecelebratefestivalswithlotsofnoise,”hesays.“Butour50noiseitselfisbeyondtheallowedlimit.”36．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance37．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing38．A．takeadvantageof B．putanendto C．layemphasison D．throwlighton39．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However40．A．wellbeing B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior41．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest42．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy43．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience44．A．inpacewith B．incontactwith C．inleaguewith D．inconflictwith45．A．remend B．justify C．resist D．advocate46．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology47．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert48．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain49．A．stepsin B．takesover C．cutsin D．takesoff50．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background【答案】36．D37．C38．B39．C40．A41．C42．A43．C44．D45．C46．B47．A48．C49．A50．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孟买的噪音非常大，人们开始采取措施减少噪音污染。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。A.talent天赋；B.potential潜力；C.demand需求；D.tolerance容忍。根据上文“InMumbai,there’stheceaselessclamorofcarhomesasdriversedgethroughtraffic.There’spoundingandbuzzingfromtheconstructionofofficetowersandapartmentblocks.Drumbeatsandtrumpetmelodiesspilloutfromweddingsandcountlessfestivals.Andit’salltoppedoffbybellowingstreetvendorsandgarbagetrucksblastingBollywoodsongs.”可知，孟买的噪音很多，所以住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。故选D。37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当SumairaAbdulali开始在印度金融首都开展反对噪音污染的运动时，朋友