上教版（2020）高一下英语专题训练导学案13非谓语综合六选四

上教版高一下英语专题训练13：非谓语综合+六选四教师日期学生课程编号课型专题课题非谓语综合+六选四教学目标1)帮助学生准确、灵活使用单元同步重点词汇2)帮助学生掌握非谓语的三种形式3)帮助学生提升六选四答题技巧4)帮助学生发现问题、提高综合运用语言和解析题目的能力教学重点1)词汇的拓展与应用2)非谓语的正确形式3)六选四题型中词汇线索的运用4)综合能力的提升及问题的解决教学安排版块时长1词汇语法复习40分钟2专题复习30分钟3综合能力限时训练45分钟4师生总结5分钟5课后作业30分钟非谓语综合+六选四4非谓语综合+六选四4词汇复习词汇复习Ⅰ.单词释义1.counselor['kaʊnsələ]n.顾问；参事；法律顾问•counsel

v.向...提供专业建议；建议，劝告

n.劝告；建议；诉讼律师律师建议他什么也不要说。____________________________________.She

counseled

her

daughter

on

how

to

behave

well

at

the

ball.________________________.Goodcounselhasnoprice.[谚]忠言无价。•consultantn.顾问；咨询者；<英>会诊医生2.hesitate['hezɪteɪt]vi.犹豫；不情愿•hesitate

to

do

=

be

reluctant

to

do

犹豫着不想..../.不情愿做...我犹豫是否参加这次探险。__________________________________________.•hesitate

+

介词：对...犹豫

就是否要加入俱乐部他仍然在犹豫。

__________________________________________.He

hesitates

at

nothing.

__________________________________________.•withouthesitation毫不犹豫

3.case[keɪs]n.例子；情况；案例；(辩论或诉讼)论据；箱v.装箱；踩点；仔细检查•inanycase无论如何Thecostmaybelowerthanwefirstthought,butinanycaseitwillbequitesubstantial._____________________________________.Mygrandmasurvivedmygrandpabytenyears._______________________________.我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。__________________________________________.•innocase决不•inthecaseof就...来说•incase万一，以防万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。_________________________________________.•Incaseof遇到...时候遇火警时，即按警铃。_________________________________________.■原则上说，若主句为现在时态，则从句也用现在时态；主句为过去时态，从句也用过去时态。 Ialwayskeepcandlesinthehouseincasethereisapowercut.IwrotedownheraddressincaseIforgotit.■有时从句也可用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气（不管主句为现在时态还是过去时态）。 Idon’tlethimgooutinthisweatherincaseheshouldcatchcold.I’veboughtachickenincaseyourfriendshouldstaytolunch.■当主句为将来时态时，从句谓语不能用将来时态，而要用一般现在时表示将来意义。I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyouchangeyourmind.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowlestI(should)forget.明天请再提醒我一下，免得我忘记。家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(forfear)___________________________________________________________.4.persuade[pə'sweɪd]vt.说服；劝说•persuadesb.todosth.•persuadesb.into/outofdoingsth.Shewaspersuadedintodoingitagainstherwill.________________________.•persuadesb.ofsth.我如何能够使你相信我的诚意?________________________.•persuasionn.(不可数)

他通过劝说而非武力赢得了他们的支持。_________________________.5.watchfor观察等待；留心You'llhavetowatchfortherightmoment.___________________________.他们能够观察和等待这些人，并且在他们伤害其他人之前阻止他们。_______________________.6.transport['trænspɔ:t]n.运输；心醉v.运输；传播一架直升飞机被用来运送伤员。______________________________________.Thegoodshavebeencasedupfortransport.______________________________________.•transportto把…运送到；流放到Abustransportedusfromtheairporttothecity.___________________________________.Yearsago,EnglandtransportedmanyofhercriminalstoAustralia.___________________.•meansoftransport交通方式7.suffer['sʌfə(r)] v.遭受；忍受他看上去脸色非常苍白，好像受了不少苦。_________________________.•suffering

n.(不可数)痛苦，苦难Tosomelifemeanspleasure,tootherssuffering.______________________________________.8.behavior[bɪ'heɪvjə]n.行为；举止；习性；态度他们对我的举止说明他们不喜欢我。________________________________.•behavev.表现；行为；举止behaveoneself检点自己的行为,守规矩,举止端正Ifparentsdon'tteachtheirchildhowtobehavehimself,hewilldoanythingatwill.____________________________________.9. bully['bʊli]n.欺凌弱小者；开球vt.恐吓；威胁；欺负Themanagertriedtobullyhismenintoworkingharderbythreateningthemwithdismissal.______________________________________.10. tease[ti:z]n.揶揄者；戏弄v.欺负；嘲弄别把它当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。________________________.•teasefor(缠着某人)强求某物这个小女孩缠着她妈妈要东西吃。_____________________________.•teaseinto强求她缠着妈妈要钱。_____________________________.Ⅱ.Exercises1.选词填空，根据需要做适当变形。counsel;hesitate;persuade;transport;incasesuffer;behave;bully;tease;watchfor1.Incaseyouneedanyhelp,pleasedon't___________________toletmeknow.2.Mygrandmotherisover90yearsold,___________________fromlossofmemory.3.Although___________________aboutherfatness,sheshowedgreatconfidenceonthestage.4.Isentforatechnician___________________Johnisn’tfamiliarwiththeputersoftwaretheyuse?5.Heoftenlooksawayfrompeoplewhentalking,andIcanhardlystandhis___________________likethis.6.Wheneverintrouble,youmaywantsomeonewhohassomelifeexperience___________________you.7.Theyfoundthatduckssleephalfawakesotheycanrestand___________________dangeratthesametime.8.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___________________intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.9.Thegreatadvancesmadein___________________duringthelasttwohundredyearswereacpaniedbyabigincreaseintrade.10.Abullyisapersonwhoenjoyshurtingotherpeople.Abullycanhurtpeoplewithwordsorbyhittingthem.85%ofchildrenintheUK___________________atleastonce.中译英1.地方政府建立一机构，就家庭问题对人们进行辅导。(counsel)2.他总是毫不犹豫地提出他认为对别人有帮助的批评。(hesitate)3.我离开期间万一有人来找我，告诉他我很快就回来。(incase)4.许多遭到洪水侵害的农民别无选择，只能解雇一些工人。(suffer)5.虽然经理尽力想挽留他，但看来他去意已决。(persuade)教师教师小结______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________自我自我总结______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________时间：______________________学生签字______________________语法复习语法复习非谓语综合非谓语动词的句法功能句子成分非谓语主语表语宾语补语

(主补、宾补)定语状语同位语介词宾语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词不定式主动态被动态一般形式todotobedone进行体形式tobedoing完成体形式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行体形式tohavebeendoing动名词主动态被动态一般形式doingbeingdone完成体形式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词及物动词do不及物动词go主动态被动态主动态一般形式doingbeingdonegoing完成体形式havingdonehavingbeendonehavinggone非谓语动词的做题步骤1.判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2.找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3.判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4.判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing。【课堂精讲】1.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_______frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.rising C.torise D.risen2.Theisland,_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoin C.joined D.havingjoined3.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_______nothingabouttheargument. A.says B.said C.tosay D.saying4.It’simportantforthefigures_______regularly.A.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdated C.toupdate D.tohaveupdated5.Passengersarepermitted_______onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carrying C.tobecarriedD.beingcarried6.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars_______asacarpenterbefore.A.towork B.tobeworking C.tohaveworked D.tohavebeenworking7.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morefortable_______.A.held B.holding C.beheld D.tohold8.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves_______forwords.A.lose B.lost C.tolose D.havinglost9.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity_______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheered B.becheered C.tobecheered D.werecheered10.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_______ofhisowndreams.A.reminding B.toremind C.reminded D.remind11.Theability_______anideaisasimportantastheideaitselfA.expressing B.expressed C.toexpress D.tobeexpressed12.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck13.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_______.A.todiscover B.tobediscovered C.discovered D.beingdiscovered14.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_______presentsformydad.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.tohavebought15.TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,_______thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.A.enabling B.havingenabled C.toenable D.tohaveenabled【随堂检测】(A)1.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,________onyoufeet.A.tokeep B.keepingC.havingkept D.tohavekept2.________intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.Translating B.Translated C.Totranslate D.Havingtranslated3.Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,________newlycleanedandpolished.A.looked B.tolook C.looking D.tobelooking4.________in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheriginalfunpark.A.Opened B.Havingopened C.Opening D.Beingopened5.Lookovertherethere’saverylong,windingpath________uptothehouse.A.leading B.leads C.led D.tolead6.Recentlyasurvey________pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.pared B.paring C.pares D.beingpared7.TsinghuaUniversity,________in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.tobefounded8.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier________intosmallpieces.A.break B.breaking C.broken D.tobreak9.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures,some________alifespanofaround20years.A.having B.had C.have D.tohave10.Simonmadeabigbamboobox________thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.tokeep11.________animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobeefamous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.Tooffer12.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced________people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraise B.raising C.tohaveraised D.havingraised13.Clairehadherluggage________anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.check B.checking C.tocheck D.checked14.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.A.making B.made C.tomake D.havingmade15.Theplayers________fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selecting B.toselect C.selected D.havingselected16.Doyouwakeupeverymorning________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feel B.tofeel C.feeling D.felt17.________aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.Gather B.Togather C.Gathering D.Tobegathering18.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife________shehadafall,Mr.Gordenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.A.says B.said C.saying D.tosay19.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney________inthelibrary.A.discovered B.tobediscovered C.discovering D.havingdiscovered 20.Agreatnumberofstudents________saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestion B.tobequestioned C.questioned D.questioning(B)1.Itwasagreathonour________(invite)backstageatthenotforprofitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.2.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.3.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.4.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)________(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.5.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.6.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.7.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees________(sell)thewood.8.Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.9.Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.10.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.(C)1.Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch________(repair).2.After________(finish)thewrittenwork,Iwentontorecitethetext.3.Themanagerissaid________(arrive)backfromPariswherehehadmetsomeEuropeanpartners.4.________(increase)ourmanufacturingfacilities,weareadvertisingtoobtainmoreusers.5.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents________(worry).6.________(expose)tothedialectoftheminorityofthelocalplace,hegraduallylearntospeaksomeofit.7.Ithinkyou'dappreciate________(leave)alonetoexploreatyourownpace.8.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting________(discover).9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________(setup)someschoolsforpoorchildren.10.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere________(find).11.________(devote)himselftohisresearchontheITtechnology,hesoonmadeabreakthrough.12.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.13.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________(smoke)inthekitchen.14.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________(begin)nothingcanbedonetochangeit.15.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________(remain)20years.教师教师小结______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________自我自我总结______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________时间：______________________学生签字______________________专题复习专题复习六选四4依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索1.连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。例如：(1)承接关系：so,therefore,thus,consequently等；(2)平列关系：first,second;firstly,secondly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;foronething,foranother等；(3)转折关系：however,though,yet,inspiteof,inanycase,whoever,whatever,onthecontrary,otherwise等；(4)对比关系：incontrast,inparison,ontheotherhand等；(5)层递关系：also,furthermore,similarly,inaddition,what'smore等。Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.___1___Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.A.Thus,thesewellequippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.B.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.C.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.2.词汇复现复现是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述。复现主要有同义词复现、近义词复现和反义词复现等。Useyourmonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.___2___Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.3.属相同范畴的词汇Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreportedanddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.___3___A.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.B.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.C.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.4.属上下位包含关系的词汇___4___Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman's.Othersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.A.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.5.冠词和代词___5___Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Themoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.A.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.B.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.C.Therefore,womenarehealthierthanmenandcanliveabetterlife.6.特殊疑问词Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.___6___Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.A.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.B.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?C.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.【小试牛刀】1.First,understandthatsomeopportunitiesfordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.___1___Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertaskpreferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaveCokerelatively.C.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.2.Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.___2___Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.3.___3___Theysayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!A.Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.【随堂检测】(A) Kidswithspecialneedsrefertoanykidwhomightneedextrahelpbecauseofamedical,emotional,orlearningproblem.Forexample,kidswhocannotwalkneedwheelchairs.Theynotonlyneedequipmentthathelpsthemgetaround,buttheymightneedtohaveramps(坡道)orelevatorsavailable.___1___ Kidswithanillnesswouldhavespecialneeds,too.___2___Kidswithsight

problemsmightneedBraillebookstoread.Kidswithhearingproblemsmightneedhearingaids.___3___Itmightbehardertodonormalthingslikelearningtoreadorjustgettingaroundtheschool.Thegood

news

isthatparents,doctors,nurses,teachers,andotherscanhelp.Thegoalistohelpkidsbeasindependentaspossible.Otherkidsalsocanbeabighelp.How?Bybeingafriend.Kidswhouseawheelchairorhavelotsof

healthproblemswantfriendsjustasyoudo.Butmeetingpeopleandmakingfriendscanbedifficult.___4___Besuretotellateacherifyouseesomeonebeingbullied(欺辱)orteased.Also,trytobehelpfulifyouknowsomeonewithspecialneeds.Beingfriendlytokidswithspecialneedsisoneofthebestwaystobehelpful.Asyougettoknowthem,they

may

helpyouunderstandwhatit'sliketobeintheir

shoes.Andyou'llbehelpingfilla

veryspecialneed,onethateverybodyhastheneedforgoodfriends.A.Somekidsmightlaughatormakefunofthem.

B.Theyalsomightneedtogetaspecial

bus

toschool.C.Lifecanbechallengingforakidwithspecialneeds.D.Itisgoodmannerstoofferhelptokidswithspecialneeds.E.Someonecouldhavetroublewithanxiety,butyouwouldn'tknowitunlesstoldaboutit.F.Theymightneedmedicineorotherhelpastheygoabouttheir

daily

activities.(B) Nowadaystherearealotoftripsandhintsthatclaimmilkisnotgoodforus.Sosomeparentsstopbuyingitandstartgivingtheirkidsfreshjuiceinsteadofmilk.However,herearesomeofthemainreasonswhyyourchildshoulddrinkaglassofmilkeachday. •Milkisessentialfornerveandbraindevelopment. Askanypediatrician(儿科医生)andtheywilltellyouthatregardlessofageanychildneedtodrinkmilkforapropernerveandbraindevelopment.___1___WhileIcanadviseyoutogiveyourkindswholemilk,youshouldconsultyourchild’sdoctortoknowexactlywhattobuy,becauseeverychildhasdifferentneedsandhealthissues. •Milkhelpsbuildhealthy,strongbones. Whenitestoyourchild’sbones,threefactorsdeterminestrongbones:physicalactivity,geneticsandcalcium.Milkisrichincalcium.___2___AndmilkisagoodsourceofvitaminDthathelpsthebodyabsorbcalcium.•Milkisgoodforyourchild’sdentalhealth.Drinkingmilkdailykeepsyourchild’steethhealthyandstrong.Duetoitshighnutrientcontentmilkhelpsprotectthesurfaceagainstacidicsubstancesandreducetheriskofdecayedteeth.Manymomsclaimthattheirkidsdrinkfewersugarydrinkswhentheydrinkmilk.___3___•Ithelpsboostyourchild’senergylevel.Itsoundsridiculous,butsomekidsneedanenergyboosteverynowandthen.Apartfromnutrientsmentionedabove,milkalsocontainsprotein,vitaminAalongwithsomeBvitamins,whichareallgoodforthelittlebody.___4___Asaparent,youcan’tneglectyourchild’shealth.Consultyourdoctortofindouthowmuchmilkyourchildneedsandmakesureyourlittleonemeetshisorherservingsofdairyfortheday.Doesyourchildlikemilk?A.Andyouprobablyknow,thefewersugarydrinksyouconsume,thehealthierteethyouhave.B.Manykindsoffoodcanhelppromotenerveandbraindevelopment.C.Theproblemiswhatkindofmilktogiveyourchild.Lowfatorwhole?D.Milkimprovesyourchild’svitaminintake,increasingtheirimmunefunctionandenergylevels.E.Sugarydrinksarewhatkidslikebest.F.Drinkingmilkregularlyhelpspreventbonegrowthdisordersandreduceyourchild’\srisksofbonefractureswheninjured.(C)Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostility(敌意)thanthemembersofanyotherprofessionwiththepossibleexceptionofjournalism.___1___Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation(通货膨胀).Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapersfullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.___2___Manyoftheminsteadbeethekindoflawsuitfilerthatmakesthelegalsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afouryearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathreeyearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam(律师资格考).Thisleavestoday’saveragelawschoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Lawschooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornonprofitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkextremelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.___3___Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyanessentialenoughtestforawouldbelawyer,thosewhocantakeitearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.___4___ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,nonlawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically(道德上).Infact,allowingnonlawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.A.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabigfirmjob.B.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforplaintthanAmerica.C.Anotherreasonfortheincreasinglyhighcostisthedemandingrequirementsfortheprofession.D.The