2023北京丰台高三（上）期中英语（教师版）

2023北京丰台高三（上）期中英语考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节（其10小题；每小题1.5分，其15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe___1___.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinner,theylookedateachotherandfrowned(皱眉头).“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart___2___.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris___3___totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith___5___fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel___7___.Heknewthatthelongerhe___8___droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole___9___intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(试镜)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith____10____.”sheaddedwithasmile.1.A.lie B.story C.news D.truth2.A.wandered B.raced C.failed D.sank3.A.planned B.pretended C.managed D.forgot4.A.lesson B.performance C.practice D.holiday5.A.complaints B.concerns C.contributions D.congratulations6.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything7.A.courageous B.disappointed C.guilty D.curious8.A.putoff B.gaveup C.dependedon D.setabout9.A.experience B.situation C.conversation D.argument10.A.belief B.confidence C.independence D.responsibility第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___11___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___12___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___13___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___14___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Malevoicesaremuchlowerthanfemalevoices.Thisismainly___15___theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(声带).Maleshavelargervocalfoldsthatcreatealowersound,andfemaleshavesmallerones.Apartfromthedifference___16___size,however,theothermajorbiologicaldifferencethateffectsvoicesisthatmalesgenerallyhavealargervocaltract,___17___canfurtherlowerthetone.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),which___18___(launch)in2021,istofindthefirstobjectsthatformedaftertheBigBangandtostudythefirstBlackHoles,thegrowthofgalaxiesandmore.About100times___19___(strong)thanthecelebratedHubbleSpaceTelescope,JWSTcouldobserveabumblebeeattheEarth-moondistance,inreflectedsunlightandthermalemission(热排放),anditpromisestorevealmany___20___(wonder)ofouruniverse.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.________Solvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingit!Butwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefarreachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinkingandplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameoftheclass?A.PoliticalScience B.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChanges D.PracticalPolicymaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill____________.A.solvepoliticalproblems B.makeaplanfortheirfutureC.changetheworldthroughpictures D.exploretheEarth’sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments.B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign.D.Theyuserenewableenergy.BBravingtheelementsOnDec.26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aformerNavyofficer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(侧滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailwasvisible.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwing,submergeduptohischest,surroundedbyopenwater.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(划)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.Bynowapoliceofficerhadarrivedandradioedforhelp.Alifeboatappeared,breakingthroughiceasitarrived.Itpickedupthepilotandrushedhimtosafety.LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.“I’m60yearsold,”Gelinnesays.“TherewasnowayIcouldgethimtoshore.”Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday.24.WhydidGelinnerunoutsidewithouthesitation?A.Hehadrescucingexperience. B.Hewantedtoofferhelpintime.C.Heneededmoretimetoprepare. D.Hewasamazedatwhathadhappened.25.HowdidGelinnehelpthepilot?A.Hemadeacalltothepolice. B.Hegotthepilotoutofthewater.C.Heaskedthepilottograspthebow. D.Hepickedupthepilotontotheshore.26.WhatGelinnedidintherescueprovedhimtobe____________.A.generous B.brave C.curious D.strict27.WhatcanGelinneprobablylearnfromtherescue?A.Thinktwicebeforeaction.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.It’snevertoolatetomakethingsright.D.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizechances.C“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon’slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A.Theyflydirectlytolights. B.Theycircleclosetolights.C.Theirflyingspeedissteady. D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30.DLRmakesinsects____________.A.balancetheirflying B.keeptheirroutestraightC.decidetheirbodypositon D.shortentheirflightdistanceDWehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(复制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31.Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A.disapproving B.unconcernedC.sympathetic D.tolerant32.Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A.memesarecomposedofselfishgenes B.thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC.replicatorsvarywithhumaninterference D.memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B.Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B.Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C.Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D.Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.第二节（其5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。AllthefeelsYoucanmakeyourpicturebookmemorablebyconcentratingonemotionalconnection.Thisworksacrosseveryprincipleofwriting,regardlessofagerangeorgenre(文体),becauseitisuniversallyrecognized.___35___Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.___36___Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.Bybringingemotionintoyourstory,youtapintothatconsciousness.Thestoryfeelsmorerealtous.Itisconsistentwithus,andasaresult,wehavearicherreadingexperience.___37___Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.Forexample,ifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.___38___Anotherreasonforincludingemotioninyourpicturebookistoreallygetyourreaderinsideyourcharacter’shead.Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.___39___Aswellascaringaboutcharacter,anemotion-filledpicturebookthereforekeepsusonourtoes.Ifyouwantyourstorytostandoutamongstotherstories,giveyourreadersomethingtoremember—astrongemotionalconnection.A.Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.B.Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.C.Anemotionalendinginapicturebookworkswell.D.Whenwefeelsomething,wewillhavesharpminds.E.Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.F.Hereiswhyitworksandhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.G.Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节（其4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，其12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。阅读表达UpgradeyourproblemsIn2017,Ispentallmymoneybuyingmyfirstflat—whichmeantIhadnomoneytofixmyfirsthomeowner’sproblem.IwassleepingonanairmattressbecauseIcouldn’taffordfurniture.ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).Icouldn’taffordaplumber(水管工)butIdidn’twanttointroducemyselftotheneighbourbycrashingthroughtheirwetceiling.TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthebustoanearbystoreandtalkedwiththeniceguybehindthecounter.Heexplainedhowtofixitandsoldmeapipecutterandabitofpipework.Iwentbackhome,pushedmyheadunderthebath,andgotthejobdone.Ittaughtmealessonthathassincebecomeabitofmottoforme:Upgradeyourproblems.Havingawetbathroomfloorisaproblem—andthedaybeforeIboughttheplace,Iwouldhavehadalandlordtocall.Butoncetheplacewasmine,thisbecamemyproblem.Isawthisasprogress:Youmustownyourownpropertytotakecareofthissortofsituation.Yearslater,whenIfoundedmyprofessionalservicescompanywithmybusinesspartner,Adam,thismottobecamecoretohowweapproachthebusiness.Therehavebeenmanyproblems,andtherewillcontinuetobenewones.However,werememberthereasonwehavetheseproblems—it’sbecausewerunourownbusiness!Alate-payingcustomerisaproblem,butit’soneweencounteronlyifwehavepayingcustomers.ThatiswhyIstillkeepthepipecutteronmydesktoday.Itremindsmethat,nomattermyleveloffrustration(挫败),IamfortunatetofacetheproblemsIdo.ThemoreIsolvethem,themoreIupgradetoevenbetterones.40.Whatdidtheauthornoticeinhisfirstflat?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Howdidtheauthorsolvehisproblemwiththebath?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimofhissuccessinbusiness._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatelsewouldyoudowhenyouencounterproblemsinlife?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校将开展以“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。请你给英国交换生Ryan写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1.告知活动安排；2.发出邀请。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearRyan,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

参考答案第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节（其10小题；每小题1.5分，其15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.A9.B10.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Travaris在学校音乐剧中被选中担任主角，非常高兴，但是演出时间正赶上姐姐那天结婚，他不得不辞去主角的任务，由于虚荣心，他不想把不能参加演出的事情说出去，后来经过几周的心理斗争，他感到愧疚，终于告诉戏剧导演他不能参加这次音乐剧的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他迫不及待地想把这个消息告诉父母。A.lie谎话；B.story故事；C.news消息；D.truth事实。根据语境和前文“helandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical”可知，Travaris在学校音乐剧中担任主角，他想把这个消息告诉父母。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Travaris的心一沉。A.wandered漫游；B.raced赛跑；C.failed失败；D.sank下沉。根据后文“Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.”可知，因为正好在演出那周他姐姐要在夏威夷结婚，时间冲突了，所以Travaris的心一沉。故选D项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天在学校，Travaris打算告诉戏剧导演老师Phelps女士，她应该把他的角色给别人，因为演出期间他不会在城里。A.planned计划，打算；B.pretended假装；C.managed管理；D.forgot忘记。根据后文“thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”及“Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.”可知，Travaris打算把这事告诉导演老师，但由于虚荣心，又不愿意说。故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lesson课；B.performance表演，演出；C.practice练习；D.holiday假期。根据前文分析并结合后文“sheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelse”可知，演出和姐姐结婚时间冲突了，所以演出期间Travaris不在城里，要去参加姐姐婚礼。故选B项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一整天，他都被同学们铺天盖地的祝贺声淹没了，因为他得到了主角。A.complaints抱怨；B.concerns关心；C.contributions贡献；D.congratulations祝贺。根据后文“forgettingtheleadrole”可知，因为Travaris得到了主角，同学们都祝贺他。故选D项。【6题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：他不忍心告诉他们这出戏对他已是毫无意义了。A.nothing什么都没有；B.anything任何事；C.something某事；D.everything每件事。根据前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，因为演出期间Travaris不会在城里，所以这出戏对他已是毫无意义了。故选A项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但几周过去了，Travaris开始感到内疚。A.courageous有勇气的；B.disappointed失望的；C.guilt内疚的；D.curious好奇的。根据前文分析并结合前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，演出期间Travaris不在城里，他无法参加演出，但没有告诉导演，所以他感到内疚。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他知道，他拖得越久，就越会伤害其他演员和工作人员。A.putoff推迟，拖；B.gaveup放弃；C.dependedon依靠；D.setabout着手，开始。根据常识和后文“droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew”可知，如果Travaris不把实情告诉导演，拖得越久，就会更加伤害其他演员和工作人员。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Phelps女士感谢他考虑到了全局。A.experience经历；B.situation情况；C.conversation对话；D.argument争论。根据前文“TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris告诉导演，他不能出演这部音乐剧，导演感谢他考虑到了整个演出安排情况。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但别忘了明年再试镜，机会和责任是紧密相连的。”她笑着补充道。A.belief信念；B.confidence自信；C.independence独立；D.responsibility责任。根据前文“Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris诚实地告诉导演实情，以便导演更好的安排演出，而导演赞扬他顾全大局的诚实品质，答应明年再给他机会；由此可知，此处表示责任和机会密切相连。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.toavoid12.sitting13.took14.rapidly【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开车去棕榈泉的途中，有车陷入困境，大家齐心帮忙的故事。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一辆汽车突然改变方向以避免撞上我的车，并向悬崖边漂移。动词avoid意为“避免”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为changed，故本空作非谓语动词，结合语意，汽车突然改变方向是为了避免撞上作者的车，空处应填不定式形式toavoid，作目的状语。故答案为toavoid。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，一些坐在不同车里的司机冲了出来。动词sit意为“坐”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为rushedout，故本空作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语drivers之间是主动关系，应填现在分词sitting，作定语，修饰名词drivers。故答案为sitting。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。结合句意和空后的hadprotected可知，事情发生在过去，故主句用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式took。故答案为took。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词rapidly“迅速地”，作状语，修饰动词put。故答案为rapidly。【答案】15.because16.in17.which【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了男声比女声低沉的主要原因。【15题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这主要是因为它们的声带大小不同。“theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(声带)”是表语从句，说明了男声比女声低沉的原因，用连接词because引导该表语从句；thisisbecause...“这是因为……”。故填because。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，除了大小的差异，影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道，这可以进一步降低音调。differencein...是固定搭配，意为“在……方面的差异”。故填in。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，除了大小的差异，影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道，这可以进一步降低音调。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词alargervocaltract，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。【答案】18.waslaunched19.stronger20.wonders【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜。【18题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)于2021年发射升空，旨在寻找大爆炸后形成的第一批物体，并研究第一批黑洞、星系的成长等。分析句子可知，launch(发射)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope)之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in2021，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是专有名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填waslaunched。【19题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：JWST的强度大约是著名的哈勃太空望远镜的100倍，它可以通过反射的阳光和热辐射在地月距离上观察一只大黄蜂，它有望揭示我们宇宙的许多奇迹。结合句意和空格后介词than可知，句中使用了比较级，用形容词比较级stronger。故填stronger。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：JWST的强度大约是著名的哈勃太空望远镜的100倍，它可以通过反射的阳光和热辐射在地月距离上观察一只大黄蜂，它有望揭示我们宇宙的许多奇迹。可数名词wonder作宾语，有限定词many修饰，用复数形式wonders。故填wonders。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）【答案】21.A22.D23.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种课程体系的具体情况。【21题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.(你们将讨论并实践创造性和有说服力的方式来影响决策者和社区组织。此外，你将在哈克内斯会议桌上创建自己的政治社区，这将激励你在实践中学习。)”可知，在这项课程中，学生将研究与政治相关事宜，故这是政治学。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.(在这堂多学科课程中，你将研究地球工作系统的生物、物理和化学方面，以及它们与气候变化的关系。)”可知，在能源与创新课程中，学生将探索地球的工作系统。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.(你们将讨论并实践影响决策者和社区组织的创造性和有说服力的方法。)”和文章第三段中“Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.(在我们讨论和解决我们星球通往未来的道路时，需要你的想法和创造力来比较和对比能源替代品的好处和成本。)”,以及文章第四段中“Inthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.(在这堂工作室课上，我们将发展我们的创造力。)”可知，这三个班都需要学生有创意的设计。故选C。【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飞机失控即将坠入湖中时，毫不犹豫地前去救援的故事。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.(这一天，杰琳没有犹豫。)”和第四段中“Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.(Gelinne用脚试了试冰面，决定不冒险在上面走。于是他从后甲板下拉出一条船。)”可推知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地跑出去是为了及时提供救援。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.(Gelinne专注于让飞行员保持冷静，他开玩笑说：“只要抓住船，就像你在拥抱你的妻子一样。”飞行员抓住船头，但Gelinne知道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上。)”可知，Gelinne让飞行员抓住船头。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到水边。)”、第五段中“Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.(然后他出发了，推着他的船穿过冰面。这是一项艰苦的工作。)”和倒数第二段中“Lat