广东省汕头市澄海区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

2023-2024学年度第一学期期末质量监测高二级英语科试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAsthesayinggoes,nobody’sperfect.Thatmeanswehaveroomforatleastsomeimprovementinourlives.Andno,we’renottalkingaboutgettingabetter-paidjoboranewhaircut;we’rereferringtoinnerimprovement.Ifyou’rewishingforsomeinnerimprovementinyourlives,considerreadingthefollowingbooks.The7HabitsofHighlyEffectiveTeenswrittenbySeanCoveyTomakethisbookage-appropriateandfuntoread,Coveybreaksupthetextwithcartoons,quotes,andbrainstormingideastobringthebooktogether.Thebookcoverstopicslikebodyimage,friendships,Internetsafety,andmuchmore.Thebookisespeciallygoodforteenagers.ANewEarthwrittenbyEckhartTolleThebookgoesbeyondteachinghowtoliveinthemomentandhelpsreaderslearnhowtoturntheirsufferingintopeace.Alltypesofsufferingareaddressedinthebook.Whetheryoursufferingiscausedbyanger,sadness,anxiety,orothers,Tollewillhelpyouseelifefromvariedways,awakeningyoutoyourlife’spurpose.DeclutterYourMindwrittenbyBarrieDavenportThisbookisfullofvariousexercises.You’lllearnhowtochangenegativethoughtstopositiveones,strategiestohelpwithrelationships,howtoidentifywhat’simportanttoyou,howtosetgoals,andmuchmore.Thispowerfulbookwilldoitspartinofferingvarioustipstodealwithanoveractivemind.BigMagicwrittenbyElizabethGilbertFromcreatingnewhabitstodealingwithfearandsurroundingyourselfwithlike-mindedindividuals,Gilbertanalyzesthedifficultiesacreativepersonmayfaceinpursuinghisdreams.Thebestpartofthisbookistheusageofstoriesfromregularmenandwomenacrossthecountry.1.Whichbookbestsuitsonewho’sstrugglingtofindlife’spurpose?A.The7HabitsofHighlyEffectiveTeens. B.ANewEarth.C.DeclutterYourMind. D.BigMagic.2.Whousesreal-lifeexamplesinhisorherbook?A.SeanCovey. B.EckhartTolle.C.BarrieDavenport. D.ElizabethGilbert.3.Whattypeofbooksarethefourbooks?A.Self-helpbooks. B.Sciencebooks.C.Healthbooks. D.Adventurebooks.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章就内在的改善方面推荐了四本书。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章ANewEarthwrittenbyEckhartTolle中“Thebookgoesbeyondteachinghowtoliveinthemomentandhelpsreaderslearnhowtoturntheirsufferingintopeace.Alltypesofsufferingareaddressedinthebook.Whetheryoursufferingiscausedbyanger,sadness,anxiety,orothers,Tollewillhelpyouseelifefromvariedways,awakeningyoutoyourlife’spurpose.(这本书不仅教会读者如何活在当下，还帮助读者学会如何将痛苦转化为和平。书中提到了所有类型的痛苦。无论你的痛苦是由愤怒、悲伤、焦虑还是其他原因引起的，Tolle都会帮助你从不同的角度看待生活，唤醒你的人生目标。)”可知，ANewEarth这本书最适合努力寻找人生目标的人。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由BigMagicwrittenbyElizabethGilbert中“Thebestpartofthisbookistheusageofstoriesfromregularmenandwomenacrossthecountry.(这本书最精彩的部分是使用了来自全国各地普通男女的故事。)”可知，ElizabethGilbert在书中使用真实的例子。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Asthesayinggoes,nobody’sperfect.Thatmeanswehaveroomforatleastsomeimprovementinourlives.Andno,we’renottalkingaboutgettingabetter-paidjoboranewhaircut;we’rereferringtoinnerimprovement.Ifyou’rewishingforsomeinnerimprovementinyourlives,considerreadingthefollowingbooks.(俗话说，人无完人。这意味着我们的生活至少还有一些改善的空间。不，我们不是在谈论找一份薪水更高的工作或新发型；我们指的是内在的改善。如果你希望自己的生活有所改善，可以考虑阅读以下书籍。)”可知，这四本书都是自我帮助类型的书籍。故选A项。BInapostsharedonTwitterlastMonday,thewoman,AmyClukey,explainedthatherdad,Rick,abeekeeper,diedoflungcanceraboutnineyearsago.But,beforepassingaway,hewroteanotethathehopedoneofhischildrenwouldlaterfind,andfinallyaftersolong,herlittlebrother,whoisnow16yearsold,founditinhisfather’sbeekeepingclothes.Thenotesaid,“Ihopeoneofmychildreniscuriousaboutbeekeeping.Beekeepingisactuallyprettyeasyandyoucanlearneverythingonline.Beesmakemoreproductsthanjusthoney;itcanbeasourceofextraincome.Sodon’tbeafraid,havecourage.Goodluck.LoveDad.”Thebeepopulationin2019consistedprimarilyofwildbees,andNorthDakotahasthehighesthoneyproductionwithover38millionpounds.Clukeyexplainedthatherfatherboughtafarmwhenhewasinhis40s,anditwasthenthathetookupbeekeepingandotherhobbieslikeraisingcattleandhorses.Sheadded,“Whenhewasdiagnosed(诊断)withstage4lungcancer,thedoctorstoldhimthathehad18monthstolive.Hewasafighter:Helived5yearsandaweekafterhisdiagnosis.”Theposthasattractedalotofreadersontheplatformandhasreceivedover42,800likes,2,333comments,and749,000re-sharesinlessthan24hours,andinthecomments,thewomanaddedthatwhileshedoesn’tdobeekeepingherself,twoofherbrothersareinterestedinit.Oneusercommented,“Ilostmydadin2018.Thispostmakesmecry.”Andanotherusersaid,“Mydadisinthelastfewweeksofhislifebattlingcancer.I’llcomebacktothepostinacoupleofmonthswhenIneeditagain.”Andonealsosharedthestoryofherpersonalloss,writing,“Ilostmyhusbandhalfayearago.Heusedtoleavelittlenotesalloverthehouse.Ican’tbringmyselftomoveanything.”4.Whatdidthefatherwishaccordingtothetext?A.Hischildrencouldmakebigmoney.B.Oneofhischildrencouldfindthehiddennote.C.Oneofhischildrencouldbeinterestedinkeepingbees.D.Hischildrencouldmakegreatcontributiontothehoneyproduction.5.WhatkindofpersonwasAmy’sfather?A.Hard-workingandbrave. B.Wealthyandhealthy.C.Easy-goingandintelligent. D.Generousandwise.6.Whatisthecommonpartofthereaders?A.Theyareallbeekeepers. B.Theyareallmovedbythenote.C.Theyalllosttheirlovedones. D.Theyallfoundthefamilymember’snotes.7.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Afather’sdeathtouchedpeople’shearts.B.Peoplemadecommentsonafather’sdeath.C.Afather’snotepostedonlineattractedattention.D.Beekeepingisimportantformanyfamilies.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了AmyClukey分享已故父亲Rick留下的字条并引起网友共鸣的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thenotesaid,“Ihopeoneofmychildreniscuriousaboutbeekeeping.(纸条上写着：“我希望我的一个孩子对养蜂感兴趣。)”可知，Amy的父亲的愿望是他的一个孩子能对养蜜蜂感兴趣。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clukeyexplainedthatherfatherboughtafarmwhenhewasinhis40s,anditwasthenthathetookupbeekeepingandotherhobbieslikeraisingcattleandhorses.Sheadded,“Whenhewasdiagnosed(诊断)withstage4lungcancer,thedoctorstoldhimthathehad18monthstolive.Hewasafighter:Helived5yearsandaweekafterhisdiagnosis.”(克鲁奇解释说，她的父亲在40多岁的时候买了一个农场，从那时起，他开始养蜂，并开始养牛、养马等其他爱好。她补充说：“当他被诊断为肺癌4期时，医生告诉他，他只有18个月的生命。他是一个斗士：他在确诊后活了5年零1周。”)”可知，Amy的父亲从四十多岁开始就一直养蜂、养牛、羊马，很勤劳；同时，他在被发现患有癌症后并没有放弃，而是顽强地与病魔作斗争。由此可知，Amy的父亲非常勤劳、勇敢。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Oneusercommented,“Ilostmydadin2018.Thispostmakesmecry.”Andanotherusersaid,“Mydadisinthelastfewweeksofhislifebattlingcancer.I’llcomebacktothepostinacoupleofmonthswhenIneeditagain.”Andonealsosharedthestoryofherpersonalloss,writing,“Ilostmyhusbandhalfayearago.Heusedtoleavelittlenotesalloverthehouse.Ican’tbringmyselftomoveanything.”(一位用户评论道：“我在2018年失去了我的父亲。这篇文章让我哭了。”另一位用户说:“我爸爸在生命的最后几周与癌症作斗争。几个月后，当我需要的时候，我会回来的。”还有一个人分享了她个人失去亲人的故事，她写道：“半年前我失去了我的丈夫。他以前在房子里到处留小纸条。我动不了任何东西。”)”可知，Amy的帖子引起了网友的共鸣，这些读者都被这个帖子感动了。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“But,beforepassingaway,hewroteanotethathehopedoneofhischildrenwouldlaterfind,andfinallyaftersolong,herlittlebrother,whoisnow16yearsold,founditinhisfather’sbeekeepingclothes.(但是，在他去世之前，他写了一张纸条，希望他的一个孩子能发现它，终于，在这么久之后，她的小弟弟，现在16岁了，在他父亲的养蜂衣服里发现了这张纸条)”和第五段中“Theposthasattractedalotofreadersontheplatformandhasreceivedover42,800likes,2,333comments,and749,000re-sharesinlessthan24hours(这篇帖子在该平台上吸引了很多读者，在不到24小时的时间里就收到了超过42800个赞、2333条评论和74.9万次转发)”可知，文章报道了AmyClukey分享已故父亲Rick留下的字条并引起网友共鸣的故事，所以“Afather’snotepostedonlineattractedattention.(发布在网上的父亲的字条引起了人们的关注)”是文章主要内容。故选C项。CErinAlexander’ssister-in-lawrecentlydied,andshewashavingahardday.Abarista(咖啡师)wastoo.Thecoffeemachinehadbrokendownandshewasclearlystressed.Ms.Alexanderorderedanicedgreentea,andtoldhertohanginthere.Afterpickingupherorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:“Erin,”thebaristahaddrawnnexttoaheart,“yoursoulisgolden.”“I’mnotsureIevennecessarilyknowwhat‘yoursoulisgolden’means,”saidMs.Alexander,wholaughedandcriedwhilerecallingtheincident.Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromastrangerwhohadnoideaofwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.“Ofcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,”Ms.Alexandersaid.“Butthatlittlethingmadetherestofmyday.”Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,provejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeMs.Alexander’scanbe.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandom(随意的)actofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchthereceiverwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.Arecentstudyconsistedofeightsmallexperimentsthatvariedindesignandparticipants.Inone,forexample,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverwouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould.“Peopletendtothinkthatwhattheyaregivingiskindoflittle;maybeit’srelativelyunimportant,”Dr.Kumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingandpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,said.“Butreceiversarelesslikelytothinkalongthoselines.Theyconsiderthegesturetobesignificantlymoremeaningfulbecausetheyarealsothinkingaboutthefactthatsomeonedidsomethingniceforthem.”Ifyouarenotalreadyinthehabitofperformingrandomkindacts—orifitdoesnotcomenaturallytoyou—MarisaFranco,apsychologist,saidtostartbythinkingaboutwhatyouliketodo.“It’snotaboutyoubeinglike,‘Ohman,nowIhavetolearnhowtobakecookiesinordertobenice.’It’sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?”8.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformationonthestudy.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Topraisetherandomactsofkindness.D.Toillustratethepowerofkindness.9.Howwasthestudycarriedout?A.Bystatingthefacts. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycomparingthefeelings. D.Bylistingstatistics.10.WhatshouldpeopledoaccordingtoMarisaFranco?A.Dowhatevertheyliketodo. B.Learnhowtobakecookies.C.Dowhattheycantohelpothers. D.Trytogainsomenewskillsandtalents.11.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart. B.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Practicevirtuehoweverlittleitis.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明随机做出善意举动的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，因此建议我们运用自己所能去帮助他人。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromastrangerwhohadnoideaofwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.‘Ofcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,’Ms.Alexandersaid.‘Butthatlittlethingmadetherestofmyday.’(但是，那个不知道她正在经历什么的咖啡师，用一个小小的、意想不到的举动表达的温暖深深地打动了她。Erin说：‘当然，我还是很难过。但那件小事让我度过了余下的一天。’)”和第二段开头的“Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,provejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeMs.Alexander’scanbe.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的新发现证实了像Erin这样的经历有多么强大。)”可知，第一段中Erin的经历表明了不经意的友善的举动可以给接受者带来巨大的触动，第二段开始引入本文的主体内容：一项针对这种不经意的友善的举动的研究。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到Erin的经历是为了介绍话题。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inone,forexample,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverwouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould.(在一项实验中，人们被告知他们可以把一个纸杯蛋糕送给陌生人，并被要求评价自己的情绪以及他们认为接受者的感受。研究人员发现，那些因为随机的善举而得到纸杯蛋糕的人感觉比给予的人想象的要好。)”可知，在该研究中，送纸杯蛋糕的人的感受、他们认为的接受者的感受会和接受者真实的感受被进行比较。由此可知，实验通过比较感受进行。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?(它是关于：你已经拥有哪些技能和才能？你怎么能把它变成对别人的奉献？)”可知，MarisaFranco建议人们运用自己已有的能力和技能去帮助他人。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandom(随意的)actofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchthereceiverwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.(研究人员发现，那些随意做出善意行为的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度。他们认为，误判可能会阻碍我们中的许多人更多地为他人做好事。)”以及上下文及可知，文章介绍了一项研究表明随机做出善意举动的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，因此无论善意有多微小，我们都可以运用自己所能去帮助他人。因此，D项Practicevirtuehoweverlittleitis.(无论多么微小，都践行善意)符合文章主旨。故选D项。DAsmallsensor(传感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleexperiencedneckandshoulderpain—aproblemofthechangingwaywework.Butmovingregularlywhilesittingcanpreventproblems.ZhengbaoYangatCityUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedsmall,stretchablesensorsthatarepoweredbyelectricity-chargethatisgeneratedthroughsqueezingorstressingsuitablematerials.Thesensormonitorsthemovementoftheneckandispoweredbytwolayersofpiezoelectric(压电的)materialfoldedinastructurefromkirigami,whichisrelatedtotheartofpaperfolding.Whenthewearermoves,thesensorchangesitsshapeandsendschargetoamicrocontrollerthatcanregisterthemovementwithanaccuracyof95percent,displayingthisonacomputer.“Wecanusethismaterialtochangestressintovoltage(电压),thenwecanmeasurethejointmotionbyusingthat,”saysYang.Ifthewearerdoesn’tmovehis/herneckorshouldermorethan10timesineveryhalfhour,apromptisdisplayedonthecomputer.“Thesensoroffersanewandnoveldesignwithinasmallpackagewhichisperfectfortheplacementonthebody,”saysJonathanAitkenattheUniversityofSheffield,UK.“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.”Aitkensaysthiscouldhelpgeneratemoreaccuratemonitoringofmotionthatwouldmakethesensormorepowerful.ForYang,thesensorcouldmovefromthelabtoreallifeasitis.“Wealreadyhaveapatent(专利)onthistechnology,”hesays.“We’rethinkingabouthowtolicensethispatenttolocalindustry,tobringbenefitstosociety.”12.WhydidYangdevelopthesensor?A.Tochangethewaypeoplework. B.Toimprovetheeffectofexercise.C.Tocureneckandshoulderpain. D.Toremindpeopleofinactivity.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?A.Itcanfunctionsmartly. B.ItisdrivenbyhandC.Ithasafixedshape. D.Itiscompletelyreliable.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inParagraph4mean?A.Aproblem. B.Asign.C.Aprocedure. D.Avirus.15.WhatdoesJonathanAitkenimplyinParagraph5?A.Thesensorprovidesperfectinformation.B.Thesensoristraditionallydesigned.C.Thesensorisasuccessfulinvention.D.Thesensorneedstobeimprovedimmediately.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种小型传感器，可佩戴在颈部，监测长时间坐着时的活动情况，并鼓励人们起身运动。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asmallsensor(传感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.(戴在脖子上的一个装有电线的小传感器可以监测我们坐得太久时的运动量，并鼓励人们站起来运动)”和倒数第二段中“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.(尽管进一步研究其特性、可靠性和灵敏度将是有趣的，但该传感器显然成功地实现了指示不活动的总体目标。)”可知，杨开发这种传感器是为了提醒人们活动不够（inactivity），需要站起来运动。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Asmallsensor(传感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.(戴在脖子上的一个装有电线的小传感器可以监测我们坐得太久时的运动量，并鼓励人们站起来锻炼)”和第四段中“Whenthewearermoves,thesensorchangesitsshapeandsendschargetoamicrocontrollerthatcanregisterthemovementwithanaccuracyof95percent,displayingthisonacomputer.“Wecanusethismaterialtochangestressintovoltage(电压),thenwecanmeasurethejointmotionbyusingthat,”(当穿戴者移动时，传感器会改变其形状并向微控制器发送电荷，该微控制器可以以95%的精度记录运动，并在计算机上显示。‘我们可以用这种材料将应力转化为电压，然后我们可以用它来测量关节运动。’)”可推知，传感器监测运动并发送提示以鼓励锻炼，表明它具有某种程度的智能功能。故选A项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Ifthewearerdoesn’tmovehis/herneckorshouldermorethan10timesineveryhalfhour,a prompt

isdisplayedonthecomputer.(如果佩戴者在半小时内脖子或肩膀的活动次数不超过10次，电脑上就会显示prompt。)”中“...displayedonthecomputer”可推知，prompt是在电脑上显示的“提示”，与sign同义。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中JonathanAitken的话“Thesensoroffersanewandnoveldesignwithinasmallpackagewhichisperfectfortheplacementonthebody,(该传感器在一个小的封装内提供了一个新颖的设计，非常适合放置在身体上。)”和“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.(尽管进一步研究其特性、可靠性和灵敏度将会很有趣的，但该传感器显然成功地实现了指示不活动的总体目标。)”可推知，JonathanAitken认为传感器是一项成功的发明。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithwillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourpathforward.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.•___16___Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.___17___•Takerisks___18___Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.•Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleaveyoualone.___19___Infact,IevenfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyoufindkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemunpleasant.Somyfinalruleis:___20___A.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.B.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.C.Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D.Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E.I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.F.Ifyoucan’tstandtobewithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.G.Avoidfoolishpeople.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在科学上取得成功的一些经验和方法。【16题详解】空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.(这听起来可能很骄傲，但事实是，你必须经常求助于比你聪明的人。就像玩任何游戏一样。即使在我还是个孩子的时候，我也从来不想和像我一样糟糕的人玩游戏)”可知，本段的建议与和比自己聪明的人相处相关，因此G项“Avoidfoolishpeople.(避免愚蠢的人)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的foolish和后文的brighter相对。故选G。【17题详解】前文“Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.(在科学或人生的游戏中，最高目标不仅仅是取胜；而是在非常困难的事情上获胜)”解释在科学中获胜的性质，因此C项“Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.(换句话说，就是超越自己的能力，取得成功)”符合语境，进一步解释获胜的含义，承接前文。故选C。【18题详解】空处位于段首，应该引出段落内容。后文“Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.(如果你想在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，从定义上讲，你很可能没有资格成功。此外，你甚至要准备好怀疑你的科学英雄。这可能不仅仅是个人的烦恼)”主要介绍了在科学上获得成功的困难，因此A项“Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.(为了取得巨大的成功，科学家必须准备好陷入大麻烦)”符合语境，点明要有陷入大麻烦的准备，其中的deeptrouble呼应后文描述的困难。故选A。【19题详解】段落标题“Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.(不要做任何让你厌烦的事情)”建议在科学上避免让自己厌烦的事情，后文“Infact,IevenfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.(事实上，我甚至发现很难做好我喜欢的事情)”分享做好喜欢的事情也有难度的经验，因此E项“I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.(我不够好，不能做好我不喜欢的事情)”符合语境，分享很难做好不喜欢的事情的经验，呼应标题，后文是对选项内容的延伸。故选E。【20题详解】前文“It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyoufindkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemunpleasant.(如果你不想和其他科学家在一起，你就很难取得成功——你必须参加一些重要的会议，在那里你会发现一些你可能会漏掉的关键事实。你必须和你的竞争对手聊天，即使你觉得他们不讨人喜欢)”说明想在科学上取得成功必须和他人相处协作，因此F项“Ifyoucan’tstandtobewithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.(如果你不能忍受和你真正的同龄人在一起，那就离开科学吧)”符合语境，点明无法和他人待在一起就应放弃科学，是对前文内容的总结。故选F。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A23-year-oldwomanhasachievedanunbelievablefeatthatmanyofusdreamof—visitingeverycountryonEarth.LexieAlfordwasbornintoafamilyoftravelagents,whichgavehertheopportunityto___21___placessuchasCambodia,DubaiandEgyptduringherchildhood,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Shebegansavingupatage12to___22___hergoalofvisitingallcountries.Byher18thbirthday,shehadtraveledto72nations.InOctober,2016,sherealizedshecouldseethe___23___nationsonherlistintimetosetanofficialrecord.Manypeople___24___hertravelonsocialmediaplatformInstagram,soshedecidedtochasetheworldrecordpartlyto___25___others.“Honestly,atthebeginning,I___26___wantedtopushthe___27___ofwhatIthoughtIcoulddowithmylifeandseeasmuchoftheworldaspossibleinthe___28___,”shetoldForbes.“Itwasn’tuntilthingsstartedgettingreally___29___thatIrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme,especiallythe______30______.”“IalsolovedvisitingNorthernPakistan,forthenaturalbeautyofthemountainsandkindnessofthelocalswereastonishing,”LexieAlfordsaid.“ThemostpleasantsurpriseabouttravelingtoallthesemisunderstoodareasoftheworldwasthatthecountriesthatIhadthe______31______expectationfor______32______beingthemostincredible.”“My______33______foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.Ifyouwanttotravel,youhaveto______34______sacrificestotravelaroundtheworld.Andit’sonlyamatterof______35______untilyoucanmakeitareality.”21.A.remark B.settle C.tour D.love22.A.quit B.fund C.switch D.register23.A.powerful B.ideal C.developed D.remaining24.A.followed B.modified C.ranked D.criticized25.A.understand B.grill C.inspire D.accompany26.A.occasionally B.temporarily C.completely D.simply27A.button B.dream C.family D.observation28.A.process B.agency C.platform D.country29.A.dull B.official C.natural D.challenging30.A.adult B.bosses C.youth D.agents31.A.most B.least C.greatest D.worst32.A.endedup B.showedoff C.startedwith D.searchedfor33.A.warn B.compromise C.belief D.advice34.A.make B.appreciate C.worsen D.save35.A.honor B.time C.career D.assessment【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名23岁的女子LexieAlford完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——访问地球上的每个国家，激励着无数年轻人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据《福布斯》杂志报道，LexieAlford家是开旅行社的，这让她有机会在童年时期就能游览柬埔寨、迪拜和埃及等地。A.remark评论；B.settle解决；C.tour游览，旅行；D.love爱。根据上文“wasbornintoafamilyoftravelagents”和下文“placessuchasCambodia,DubaiandEgypt”可知，LexieAlford是跟着自家的旅行社到这些国家是去旅行。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她从12岁就开始攒钱，为自己游览全球的目标在资金上提供支持。A.quit放弃，退出；B.fund资助；C.switch转变，交换；D.register注册，登记。根据上文“Shebegansavingupatage12”可知，她存钱是为了资助自己的环球旅行。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年10月，她意识到她可以抓紧时间去到她目标清单上剩余的国家，创造一项官方记录。A.powerful强大的；B.ideal理想的；C.developed发达的；D.remaining剩余的。根据上文“Byher18thbirthday,shehadtravelledto72nations.”可知，她还要去看剩余的、没有去过的国家。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行，因此她决定努力去完成这项世界记录，部分原因就是为了激励其他人。A.followed密切关注；B.modified修改，改进；C.ranked排名；D.criticized批评。根据下文“onsocialmediaplatformInstagram”可知，许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行，因此她决定努力去完成这项世界记录，部分原因就是为了激励其他人。A.understand理解，明白；B.grill烤，追问；C.inspire激励，鼓舞；D.accompany陪伴。根据上文“Manypeople4hertravelonsocialmediaplatformInstagram”和下文“Itwasn’tuntilthingsstartedgettingreally9thatIrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme”可推知，她在社区平台上有了众多追随着，这让她认识到自己的影响力，进而想要去给他人以激励。故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》杂志透露，“老实说，刚开始的时候，我只是想进一步去追求我认为我这一生可以实现的梦想，同时在这个过程中尽可能多地去看看这个世界。A.occasionally偶尔；B.temporarily暂时；C.completely完全；D.simply仅仅，只是。根据时间状语“atthebeginning”和上文可知，最开始她仅仅是想追求自己的梦想，没想过要去创造世界记录。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》杂志透露，“老实说，刚开始的时候，我只是想进一步去追求我认为我这一生可以实现的梦想，同时在这个过程中尽可能多地去看看这个世界。A.button按钮，纽扣；B.dream梦想；C.family家庭；D.observation观察。根据下文“whatIthoughtIcoulddowithmylifeandseeasmuchoftheworldaspossible”可推知，一生去追求的东西是梦想。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》杂志透露，“老实说，刚开始的时候，我只是想进一步去追求我认为我这一生可以实现的梦想，同时在这个过程中尽可能多地去看看这个世界。A.process过程，进程；B.agency代理商；C.platform平台；D.country国家。根据上文“seeasmuchoftheworldaspossible”可知，是在追求访问每一个国家的梦想这个过程中，尽可能多看看这个世界。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到事情变得真正地具有挑战性，我才意识到我正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。A.dull乏味的；B.official官方的，正式的；C.natural自然的；D.challenging富于挑战性的。根据下文“IrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme”可知，LexieAlford所从事的事情具有挑战性、有意义。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到事情变得真正地具有挑战性，我才意识到我正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。A.adult成年人；B.bosses老板；C.youth青春，青年人；D.agents代理人。根据下文“My13foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.”可知，LexieAlford环游世界这件事情正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我游历世界上那些被世人所误解的地区时，最让我感到惊喜的是，那些原本我最不期待的国家最终却成为了让我觉得最不可思议的国家。A.most最多；B.least最少；C.greatest最好，最伟大；C.worst最糟糕。根据上文“allthesemisunderstoodareasoftheworld”可知，原本对这些国家没什么期待，所以期待是最少的。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：当我游历世界上那些被世人所误解的地区时，最让我感到惊喜的是，那些原本我最不期待的国家最终却成为了让我觉得最