TOEFL-Reading-基础段词汇准备-lesson1

TOEFLReading

托福阅读Queenie托福阅读概述文章篇数：3篇字数：700字做题方式：扫读+精读题目数量：每篇文章12-14道题评分标准QuestionTypesBasicInformationandInferenceingquestions(12-14questionsperset)1.FactualInformationquestions〔事实信息题〕2.NegativeFactualInformationquestions〔否认事实信息题〕3.Inferencequestions〔推断题〕4.RhetoricalPurposequestions〔修辞目的题〕5.Vocabularyquestions〔词汇题〕6.Refenrencequestions〔指代题〕7.SetenceSimplificationquestions〔句子简化题〕8.InsertTextquestion〔句子插入题〕ReadingtoLearnquestions(1perset)9.ProseSummary〔段落大意题〕10.FillinaTable〔表格题〕Lesson1阅读中的词汇专有名词〔不需要认识〕学科单词形容词和副词否认副词词根词缀的积累无需认识的单词以大写字母开头的专有名词〔人名，地名，品牌，机构...〕Example:TheOgallalaaquiferisasandstoneformationthatunderliessome583,000squarekilometersoflandextendingfromnorthwesternTexastosouthernSouthDakota.WaterfromrainsandmeltingsnowshasbeenaccumulatingintheOgallalaforthepast30,000years.EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,butunfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,ratesofadditiontotheaquiferareminimal,amountingtoabouthalfacentimeterayear.学术，学科单词标志：-ist/-ian/...家，师

-ism/-logy/-phy/-ics/...学补充词汇：linguistchemistrymusicianbiologychemistphilosophyphysicistphysicspolititianastronomyExample:

In1831whenSmithwasfinallyrecognizedbytheGeologicalSocietyofLondonasthe"fatherofEnglishgeology,"itwasnotonlyforhismapsbutalsoforsomethingevenmoreimportant.Eversincepeoplehadbeguntocatalogthestratainparticularoutcrops,therehadbeenthehopethatthesecouldsomehowbeusedtocalculategeologicaltime.Butasmoreandmoreaccumulationsofstratawerecatalogedinmoreandmoreplaces,itbecameclearthatthesequencesofrockssometimesdifferedfromregiontoregionandthatnorocktypewasevergoingtobecomeareliabletimemakerthroughouttheworld.Evenwithouttheproblemofregionaldifferences,rockspresentadifficultyasuniquetimemakers.Quartzisquartz-asiliconionsurroundedbyfouroxygenions-there'snodifferenceatallbetweentwo-million-year-oldPleistocenequartzandCambrianquartzcreatedover500millionyearsago.常考根本学科Philosophy：哲学Psychology：心理学Anthropology：人类学Literature：

文学Sociology：

社会学Architecture：

建筑学Archaeology：

考古学Mechanics：力学Genetics：遗传学Aesthetics：美学Statistics：统计学Demography：人口学…形容词〔尾缀〕-ful,-ive,-ous,-able-al,-tial,-nal,-cal…-less，-ent/-ant形容词和副词•只起修饰和限制作用，不影响中心意思表达副词：

-ly,

-ward,

-wise

forward

clockwise

counterclockwise

Example:Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentorrockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.•

no,

not,

never,

nobody,

nothing,

none…•

hardly,

seldomrarely,

barely,

scarcely…•

few

little

(few

people

think…,

do

little

to

help…)•

in

no

way,

at

no

time,

in

no

sense,in

no

case,

by

no

meanson

no

account,

under

no

circumstances注意否认副词ExampleThereverseprocessbroughtyoungmentoBritain,wheremanycontinuedtoliveaftertheir20to25yearsofservice,andthisaddedtothecosmopolitanRomancharacterofthefrontierpopulation.BythelaterRomanperiod,frontiergarrisons(groupsofsoldiers)wereonlyrarelytransferred,serviceinunitsbecameeffectivelyhereditary,andfortswerenolongerpopulatedormaintainedatfullstrength.词根词缀扩展astro-星,星的astronaut宇航员

naut(ship)astronomy天文学astrology占星术

logy学，论astrospace宇宙空间，太空=spaceastronomer天文学者astronomical天文学的，庞大的与astro意义相同的2个词缀：astr,asterasteroid小行星asterisk星号〔*〕，星形物，加星号于行星：aplanet恒星：afixedstar或apermanentstar卫星：asatellite彗星：acomel流星：ashootingstar/ameteor超巨星：asupergiantstarMercury

水星Venus

金星Jupiter

木星Saturn

土星Uranus

天王星Neptune

海王星Pluto

冥王星

mono-单，单一的monopolyn.垄断,独占,专利monologue自言自语，独白monorail单轨铁路mono单声道放音或录音=monophonicmonogamy一夫一妻制monotonous

adj.单调的,枯燥的词根词缀扩展词根词缀扩展micro-小的,短的,极微小的microbe微生物,细菌,尤指病菌,酵母菌bactreia细菌microcomputer微机microprocessor微处理器microphone麦克风microwave

微波

microwaveoven微波炉microscope显微镜telescope望远镜microscopica.显微的,微型的,细致的macroscopic

a.宏观的microbiology微生物学microsoft微软microchip微型芯片microcircuitry

小型电路词根词缀扩展

anti-反,对抗,排斥anti+国名如:anti-American反美的antiwar反战的antipollution反公害antisocial反社会的antitank反坦克antibiotic抗生素antibacterial抗菌性的antibody抗体antifreeze防冻剂

Freeze!antipathy反感anti+path(felling)+ysympathy同情anti的同义词根:antantonym反义词

synonym同义词arctic北极的antarctic南极的词根词缀扩展

semi-半semiconductor半导体colon冒号semicolon分号其它标点:period句号comma逗号questionmark问号exclamationmark感慨号semimonthly半月刊semimanufactures半成品=semi+manu(hand)+fact(make)+uressemidiameter半径semitransparent半透明的semiarid半干旱VocabularyQuestions词汇题Theword"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...Thephrase"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...

Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoricwater;thisisthegroundwaterthatcirculatesaspartofthewatercycle.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroun