2023届高三高考适应性测试4月英语试卷

2023届高三高考适应性测试4月英语试卷

2023届高三高考适应性测试4月英语试卷

一、阅读理解

Thepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofaperson

carefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,

butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.

It,smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.

Whatisbouldering

Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,and

aroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovethe

ground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.

Whyboulder

improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasics

placestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,

easytofind

lesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountain

climbing

intellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems

千里之行，始于足下。

BoulderingTerms

crimp:averysmallhandhold

foothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidin

climbingboulder

jug：averylargehandholdthatiseasytousePrObIem:The

pathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe"problem“thatonemust

solve.The“solutionisthesequenceofmovesonemakesupand

overaboulder.

Hereisanexampleofaclimberaddressingabouldering

problem.

Figure1:Theclimberhastworoutesshecouldtake,one

totheleftandonetotheright.Theleftoneappearseasier

becauseithasajugwithineasyreach,butlookwhathappens

ifshechoosesthatdirection.Shegetsstuckontherockand

hastogobackdown.Sometimesthatisevenmoredifficultthan

goingup.

Figure2:Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.

Usingafootholdandplacingherrighhandinacrimp,sheis

abletoliftherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronly

afewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopofthe

boulderandpullherselfup.

1.WhatcanweIeamaboutbouldering

A.Itisapopularindoorsport.

第2页/共18页

B.Itisakindofclimbingwithoutropes,

C.Itneedsmapsandequipment.

D.Itisasteepcliffclimbing.

2.Whydoesboulderingbecomepopular

A.Becauseitchallengesthe1imits.B.Becauseitisnot

readilyavailable.

C.Becauseitbuildsmindsandbodies.D.Becauseitiaa

teamgame.

3.Accordingtotheexample,whatistherightrouteusually

like

A.Itisashortcut.B.Itadeadend.

C.Itistoughbuttothetop.D.Itislinedwithjugs.

IhavelearnedsomethingaboutmyselfsinceImovedfrom

LongIslandtoFloridathreeyearsago.EventhoughIownahome

inPortSt.Luciejustminutesfromtheocean,anuncontrollable

urgewellsuptoreturntoLongIslandevenasothersmaketheir

waysouth.IguessIamasnowbirdstuckinreverse.Instead

ofenjoyingFlorida,smildwinters,Iwillinglyendurethe

severeweatheronLongIsland,theplaceIcalledhomefor65

years.

千里之行，始于足下。

I'mlikeamigratorybirdthathaslostitssenseoftiming

anddirection,mywingsflappinga-gainstseason.

SowhatmakesmeflyagainstthetideofsnowbirdsThe

answerhasalottodowithmyreluctancetogiveupthethings

thatdefinewhoIam.OnceIhearthatthetemperatureonLong

Islandhasdippedintotherangeof40to50degrees,Ibegin

tolongforthesightandcracklingsoundofawoodfire.Ialso

longforthebrightdisplayo£colors—firstinthe£all

trees,andtheninthelimitsaroundhomesandatRockefeller

Center.Floridiansdecoratetoo,butcan,tcreatethespecial

feelofaNewEnglandwinter.

IsupposethebiggestreasonwhyItelumistocelebrate

theholidayswithpeopleIhaven,tseeninmonths.Whatcould

bebetterthansittingwithfamilyandfriendsfora

Thanksgivingturkeydinner,orwatchingneighbors,children

excitedlyopengiftsonChristmasEventhefirstsnowfall

seemsspecial.Iespeciallyenjoyseeingabrightredbird

settlingonasnow-coveredbranch(MywifeandIspendwinters

ataretirementcommunityinRidge,andI,mgratefulthatI

don,thavetoshovel.)

WhilethesesimplepleasuresarenotuniquetoLongIsland,

theyaresomeofthereasmiswhyIcomeback.Whosaysyoucan,t

gohome

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"snowbird"inParagraph1

referto

A.Apersonspendingwinterinawarmerclimate.

第4页/共18页

B.Abirdseenchieflyinwinter.

C.Apersonpermanentlylivinginaforeigncountry.

D.Abirdflyingtothesouthinwinter.

2.What,sthedifferencebetweenFloridaandLongIsland

A.WintersinLongIslandaremilder.

B.ThesnowbirdsinLongIslandarerarer.

C.WeatherinLongIslandisseverer.

D.LongIslandisnearertotheocean.

3.WhatdidtheauthormissmostwhenhewasinFlorida

A.Thecoldtemporature.B.Thecolorful1ightdisplay.

C.Thefamilygathering.D.Thewinterlandscape.

4.What,stheauthor,Spurposeinwritingthetext

A.Topraisethebeautyandwarmthofhishometown.

B.Todescribehisdreamtobeafreebird.

C.Toexplainthereasonsformovingfromhishometown.

千里之行，始于足下。

D.Toexpresshisfeelingofmissinghishometown.

It,sundeniablethatspendingtimeoutdoorsandinnature

liftsourspiritsandmakesusfeelmorecenteredandatpeace.

Whenwebreatheinfreshair,andenjoythebeautyoftrees,

streamsandoceans,wenaturallytendtofeelmoreconnected

toourselvesandothers.

Overthepastdecade,scientistshavebeenexploringwhy

nature—anddirtspecifically一issuchapowerfultoolin

improvingourmood.Accordingtoresearchers,thesecretmay

lieinthemicrobes(微生物)ofthesoil.Onebacterium

specifically----MycobacteriumVaccae(M.Vaccae)—hasbeen

identifiedashavingthepowertoaffectourmoodsandcognitive

functionaswell.

ExperimentsconductedatSageCollegesinNewYorkfound

thatcontactwithM.Vaccaecanincreaseserotoninlevelsin

thebrain—achemicalthatisassociatedwithhigherlevels

ofhappiness,increasedfocus,andreducedanxiety.Inorder

toexplorehowthebacteriacanimprovelearning,researchers

DoryMathewsandSusanJenksexperimentedwithmiceinamaze.

Micethatingestedthebacterianavigatedthemazetwiceas

fastasthecontrolgroupandprovedlessanxiousaswell.

HumanscanabsorbM.Vaccaejustbyplayinginthedirt.

Wetakeinitwhenwebreathe,weconsumeitinorganic

vegetables,anditcanalsoenterourbloodstreamthroughskin

contact,especiallywherewehaveopencuts.Thismayexplain

whychildreninschoolperformbetterafterbreak.

第6页/共18页

NeuroscientistChristopherLowryattheUniversityof

BristolinEnglandbelievesthathehasi-dentifiedwhythis

incrediblebacteriumworks."Whatwethinkhappensisthatthe

bacteriaactivateimmunecells,whichreleasechemicalscalled

cytokinesthatthenactonreceptorsonthesensorynervesto

increasetheiractivity.”

BeyondthepowerofM.Vaceae,scientistshavebeenproving

fordecadesthatexposuretodirt,andthehugenumberof

microbesfoundindirt,canstrengthenourimmunesystem.When

ourbodycomesintocontactwithbacteria,itstoresdie

infonnationinatypeoflibraryandcanthenusethat

informationtofightsicknessandinfectionmoreeffectively.

Happiness,focus,lessanxiety......I,11takeadouble

doseofdirt;please!

1.Whatraisespeople,sspiritswhilespendingtime

outdoors

A.Air.B.Trees.

C.WaterD.Dirt.

2.HowdoesM.Vaccaework

A.Byworkingonsensorynerves.B.Byfightingsicknessand

infisction,

C.Bystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.D.Bymakingimmune

cellsactive.

千里之行，始于足下。

3.Accordingtothetext,whatdoestheauthorintendtodo

next

A.Providesomeadviceonreducinganxietyforreaders,

B.Summarizethepreviousparagraphsaboutliftingone,s

mood.

C.Explainhowheorshewillexposehimselforherselfto

dirt.

D.Introduceanewtopicrelatedtodirtfordiscussion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.FightSicknessandInfectionMoreEffectively

B.HowGettingDirtyCanActuallyliftYourMood

C.Let,sTakeaDeepBreathofFreshAir

D.EnjoyBeautyandNaturalIyConnecttoOthers

Itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantforresearchersto

closelymonitorouroceanlife.However,observingsea

creaturesUpcloseisalmostimpossiblesincehumanpresence

scaresthem.Now,thankstoTheSoftRoboticFish,alsoknown

asSoFi,researchersmaybeabletokeepacloseeyeonthesea

creatures.

第8页/共18页

BuiltbyMITComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligence

Laboratory(CSAIL),thewhitere-mote-controlledrobot

resemblestherealfish,completewithatailthatwavesfrom

sidetoside.Thoughnotthefirstautonomousunderwater

vehicle(AUV)createdtomonitortheocean,SoFiset-tiesmany

oftheproblemsthathaveblockedtheusefulnessoftheprevious

robotfish.

PreviousAUVshavehadtobelinkedtoboatsbecauseradio

frequencycommunicationsdon,tworkwellunderwater.To

overcometheproblem,DirectorofdieCSALLDanielaRusandher

teamusedsoundwaves.Thetechnologycantravelgreater

distancesallowingdiverstopilotSoFifromupto50feetaway.

AlsolimitingtheusefulnessoftraditionalAUVsisthe

riskofcollision.Withtheoutsidemadeofsoftsilicone(硅

树脂)rubberandflexibleplasticthatkeepsitsinbuilt

electronicsdry,SoFiposesnosuchdanger."Collision

avoidanceoftenleadstounnecessarymovement,sincetherobot

hastosettleforacollision-freepath”,saysRus."In

contrast,asoftrobotisnotonlymorelikelytosurvivea

collisionbutalsocoulduseitasinformationtoformamore

workablemovementplannexttimearound.''

Duringtestdives,SoFimovedalongsidetheoceanlifeat

depthsof50feetforupto40minutesatatime,takingphotos

andmakingvideos.Theresearcherssaysometimesthefishwould

swima-IongsidetheStrange-Iookingrobot-fishoutof

curiosity,whileatothertimestheytooknonoticeofits

existence.

千里之行，始于足下。

WhileSoFipresentlyonlyrecordsvideo,futureversions

willincludesensors.Theresearchersalsohopetomakeitmore

autonomous."Weimaginesomedayitmighthelpusuncovermore

secretsfromtheamazingunderwaterworldthatweknowsolittle

about,,,saysRus.

1.WhatdoesthewaterthinkofSoFi

A.Itmakesoceancreaturedetectioneasier.

B.ItisthefirstAUV.

C.Itiscloselycontrolled.

D.Itscaresseaanimalsaway.

2.Accordingtopara3,whichofthefollowingisture

A.Soundwavestravelfasterthanradio

B.Soundwavesworkbetterthanradiounderwater.

C.PreviousAUVsusesoundAvavestocommunicate.

D.AboattravelsalongwithSoFionthewater.

3.HowdoesSoFidealwithcollision

A.Itcanbenefitfaromitsinbuiltelectronics.

B.Itcanavoidextramovement.

第10页/共18页

C.Itcansmartlyadjustitsmovementplan.

D.Itissetforacollision-freepath.

4.WhatwillhappentoSoFiinthefuture

A.SoFicanrecordvideos.

B.SoFiwillgoinvisible.

C.SoFiwillbefreefromexternalcontrol.

D.SoFiwillbeequippedwithsmartdevices.

二、七选五

“Post-truth"WaSchosenbyOxfordDictionariesastheWord

oftheYear20xx.Indeed,digitalmisinformationisontherise

anditishardforpeopletodistinguish.1.

BeforethedawnoftheInternet,Canadiansregularlyturned

totrustingtheirpreferrednewspapersorradiostationsfor

thelatestnews.2.It,snowcomingatyoufromsomany

differentsourcesthatyouneedtotakeresponsibilityforwhat

you,reseeing.

Expertsrecommendrelyingonarangeofsourcesinsteadof

justone,butlookingintothemfirst.3.Forexample,the

peopleconnected,wherethey,rebased,andtheirintention.

Alackofinformationiscertainlyawarning.

千里之行，始于足下。

Next,learningtorecognizemisinfonnationisimportant.

Falsenewsspreadsmostlythroughsocialmedia.Soifyou're

lookingatnewsonFacebook,youhavetohandleitinawiser

way.4.Isitfromawell-informedrelativeorafriendwho

regularlyexpressesextremeviewsAndwhateveryoudo,only

byclickingthroughcanyouseewhethertheinformationis

accurate.

5.Ithasnolimitsinachievingthatgoal,soitplayson

feelingsandusesimproperIanguage.Therefore,ifyoufeel

excitedtosharesomethingimmediately,that,sthetimeyou

shouldstopandask,“Isitaccurate“Ifwealltakethatextra

littlepause,we,11beabletostopthisfalsethingfrom

spreading.

A.Sourcesthatarereliabletellyouaboutthemselves.

B.Fortunately,therearesomesimplewaystotellfacts

fromfiction.

C.Considerwho,ssharingitifit,snotposteddirectly

fromthesource.

D.Today42%ofthemusesocialmediaatleastonceaday

togettheirnews.

E.Someonesetsup"HotGlobalNews”,hopingtheaddollars

wouldpourin.

F.Falsenewsisdesignedtoseekattentioninordertosell

第12页/共18页

adsormakeanideapublic.

G.Evaluatingsourcesandgettingreliablenewsis

importantintheageofmisinformation.

三、完形填空

AFloridswomanwalkedintoaPublixsupermarketlastweek.

Sheaskeda(n)____questionatthebakerycounter,''Arethere

anyfirst-birthdaycakesscheduledfor_overtheweekend

NickDeClemente,whoworksatthestore,wasinitially_

bytherequest.Hethenaskedifthewomanhadany_person

inmind.Tohissurprise,shedidn,t.

Thewomansaid,“No,Iwanttopayforoneanonymously(匿

名)，“

Minuteslater,shestartedtoburstinto_.Shethen

explainedtohimthatherbabywasbom_oneyearagoandshe

wantedto―hismemoiybypayingforanother1-year-old,s

birthdaycake.

z,Iwasalittlelostforwordsjustbecauseofthedeep—

Idevelopedforher,“DeClementerecalled.He___apileofcake

ordersandpickedoutanorderforabirthdaycakefora

1-year-oldboynamedDavid.Thebuttercreamtoppedsheetcake,

which_atleast20people,cost$32.99.Thewoman—agreed

topay.

“Shetoldme,“Thankyou,and_thatIletherdothis,“

千里之行，始于足下。

DeClementesaid""Ihopethatthisladyfinds_throughthis

giftandthatthecustomerreceivingthisgiftwillpayit_,

“"Itoldherhowmuchitmademy_especialIybecauseIhave

alittleboyonthewayandwishedhermany_DeClementesaid,

explaininghewasstandingbythestoreysfrontdoorasshewas

Thedad-to-besaidhenevergothernamenordidhegeta

—toexplaintothecustomerwhosecakewaspaidforthestory

behindthe_gesture—buthehopestheirpathsgain.

1.A.commonB.unusualC.personalD.difficult

2.A.pick-upB.decorationC.discountD.giveaway

3.A.amusedB.struckC.confusedD.disturbed

4.A.proudB.specificC.missinigD.famous

5.A.sobsB.IaughterC.cheersD.applause

6.A.deafB.blindC.1ambD.dead

7.A.eraseB.collectC.storeD.honor

8.A.mourningB.respectC.anxietyD.worry

9.A.wentthroughB.cametoC.lookedforD.gotby

10.A.feedsB.attractsC.servesD.fills

第14页/共18页

11.A.quietlyB.regretfIlyC.proudlyD.gladly

12.A.expectedB.appreciatedC.announcedD.accepted

13.A.reliefB.peaceC.healthD.satisfaction

14.A.backB.offC.forwardD.up

15.A.dayB.businessC.successD.way

16.A.achievementsB.fortunesC.blessingsD.romances

17.A.IeavingB.workingC.buyingD.wishing

18.A.rightB.desireC.chanceD.courage

19.A.smartB.sweetC.heroicD.polite

20.A.stopB.leadC.windD.cross

四、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge(HZMB),the1.(eight)

wonderforthe21stcmtuiy.openedonthemorningofOctober

24th,20xx.Thebridgelinksthreeareas,making2.muchmore

convenienttotravelfromonetoanother.Sinceopening,the

three-hourdrive3.HongKong$ZhuhaiandMacao4.(shorten)to

30minutes.

千里之行，始于足下。

Theprojectinvolvedmorethan400newpatents,brokeseven

worldrecordsandfeatured5.(independent)developedkey

techniquesanddesign.Afteran8-yearstruggle,thesuccess

oftheHZMBachieves6.severalgenerationshavebeendreaming

of,andamazesthewholeworldwithitsdemonstrationofperfect

skillsandhigh-