名词课件 中考英语一轮复习

专题一名词专题一名词栏目导航数据纵览考情分析1数据链接真题试做2数据共享考点聚集3知识导图名词名词词义辨析名词的词形变化名词的数名词所有格2013—2022年河北中考命题分析数据纵览考情分析1河北省近年中考对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析上,重点考查考生在具体且有意义的语境中运用目标词汇的能力考生在备考过程中要熟记《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》中的名词;在日常学习中注意积累词义或拼写相近的名词;注意一词多义现象;训练审题能力,培养根据题干设置情境提取信息的能力考点综述满分攻略2023预测(★★☆)预测2023年河北中考的单选题中有一道名词词义辨析题,与语境紧密结合。完形填空中也会有1—2道名词辨析题。词语运用中考查名词变复数及与其他词性的相关词汇之间的转化可能性较大考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇202248cities,

countries,

towns,villages环境居所

—49choices,

reports,

reasons,

lessons抽象名词

72friend—friendly

76kind—kinds续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇202141rules,excuses,facts,examples日常生活77

match—matches

—43doctors,parents,teachers,students身份职业续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇202035book,menu,newspaper,magazine日常生活75step—steps—41way,reason,habit,result抽象名词43joke,sport,task,lesson学习生活49worry,pity,surprise,pain情绪情感续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201927singers,dancers,painters,writers身份职业78note—notes—37parent,teacher,

inventor,engineer身份职业39lights,projects,

suggestions,inventions学习生活45habit,story,interest,plan日常生活续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201827advice,news,praise,choice抽象名词79classmate—classmates—36salt,air,gold,sugar物质名词——38forms,secrets,uses,skills抽象名词45money,medicine,earth,food日常生活续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201738park,garden,forest,field地点场所72Monday—39smile,sign,fear,mark抽象名词76class(classes)42arm,leg,hand,foot身体部位续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201629secret,advice,promise,purpose抽象名词77place—41experience,success,friendship,teamwork抽象名词——47rest,sleep,excuse,result日常活动续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201529printer,radio,player,camera日常用品79river—43glass,weight,water,height日常生活44minute,night,day,week时间80wish—wishes45mother,teacher,doctor,friend身份职业84activity—activities续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201430ice,soup,salt,sugar日常饮食81win—winner—46boys,girls,men,women群体身份50town,market,garden,school公共场所89flower—flowers55pay,time,advice,love抽象名词续表考点年份名词词义辨析名词的数&词形变化名词所有格题号选项设置所属话题题号考查词汇201329color,size,smell,shape物体属性81foot—feet—49fear,trouble,surprise,danger情绪情感50titles,orders,stories,questions日常活动sun—sunny51discussion,practice,meeting,

review日常活动续表数据链接真题试做2一、单项选择1.

(2019·河北)Ilikethissong.It’sbyoneofmyfavorite

.

A.

singers B.

dancers C.

painters D.

writers2.

(2015·河北)Couldyoupleasetakemypicture?Hereismy

.

A.printer B.

radio C.

player D.

camera3.(2014·河北)Iwantsweetmilk.Putsome

inmycup,please.A.ice B.soup C.salt D.sugarAD126D345二、词语运用4.(2018·河北)Mr.DusaidIcouldbeagoodexampletomy__________

(classmate).5.(2017·河北)Wehavedifferent

(class)everyday.6.(2015·河北)MomandDadsendtheirbest

(wish).classmatesclasseswishes126345数据共享考点聚焦3Ⅰ近义名词辨析Ⅱ同类名词辨析Ⅲ不同类名词辨析Ⅰ可数名词的复数Ⅱ不可数名词的量化表达Ⅲ名词的转化考点

一名词词义辨析考点

二名词的数与词形变化考点

三名词所有格在中考中,关于名词的辨析多侧重词义的理解,重点考查具体语境中名词的含义和用法,通常包括以下几种情况:Ⅰ近义名词辨析考点考法强化1.(原创)—Listen!Whoissinging?—It’sBetty.Shehasasweet

.

A.sound B.voice C.noise D.speechB1234考点

一名词词义辨析2.(2022·秦皇岛山海关区二模)Themathissodifficult,couldyougivemesome

?A.advice B.suggestion C.information D.message3.(2022·保定师范附中二模)—Mr.Li,couldyouhelpmeworkoutthemath

?—Ofcourse.A.question B.trouble C.problem D.matter4.(原创)Thebusissocrowdedthatwecan’tfindany

formorepeople.A.place B.rooms C.area D.roomA1234CD学法方法点拨近义名词辨析在中考中时有涉及,以下列举了几组考题中常见的近义名词:1.voice、noise与sound辨析2.family、house与home辨析3.news、message与information辨析4.problem、question、trouble与matter辨析5.work与job辨析6.trip、journey、travel与tour辨析7.place、space与room辨析8.custom、culture与habit辨析9.speech、talk与lecture辨析10.lesson、course与subject辨析34Ⅱ同类名词辨析考点考法强化1.(2022·武威)

The

rangandPatansweredit.

ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.telephone B.

doorbell C.

clock D.

bike2.

(2022·威县模拟)Myfavorite

issummerbecauseIcanswiminrivers.A.

year B.

month C.

week D.

seasonA3412345D3.

(2022·连云港)Thehatisnottheright

forme.I'dlikeasmallerone.A.

size B.

style C.

colour D.

material4.

(2022·抚顺顺城区模拟)SamandTomaregoodfriends.Their

begantenyearsago.A.

success B.

health C.

friendship D.

wealthAC123455.

(2022·厦门翔安区模拟)

—Marsprobe(火星探测器)Tianwen-Ⅰhasbeendoingawonderfuljob.—Yeah.

AndIdreamofbeinga

tofindoutthemysteryofMars.A.performer B.pianist C.scientist D.doctorC3412345学法方法点拨食品类名词bread面包;

rice米饭;

noodles面条;

banana香蕉;

orange橙子,橙汁;

juice果汁等职业类名词doctor医生;

teacher老师;

policeman警察;

scientist科学家;

actor演员;

farmer农民等疾病类名词cold感冒;

cough咳嗽;

headache头痛;

fever发烧;

flu流感;

stomachache胃痛;toothache牙痛等学习类名词letter字母;

note笔记;

rule规则;word单词;

story故事;

conversation对话;

discussion讨论;lesson课程;mark分数;part部分;

passage文章;

practice练习;

phrase短语;review复习;

sentence句子;

subject科目;

title标题等地点处所类名词place地方;

country农村;

market市场;

field田野;

bank银行;

city城市;

factory工厂;

garden花园;

hospital医院;hotel旅馆;

office办公室;

school学校等情绪情感类名词trouble麻烦;

anger生气;

cry哭;danger危险;

fear恐慌;

joy喜悦;

pride自豪;

pity遗憾;

pleasure愉快;

regret后悔;sadness伤心;

smile微笑;

surprise惊奇;

worry担心等抽象类名词courage勇气;description描述;excuse借口;

dream梦想;

friendship友谊;

progress进步;

thought想法等续表Ⅲ不同类名词辨析考点考法强化1.(2022·扬州)Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof

.A.

achievement B.

department C.

treatment D.

entertainment2.

(2022·丹阳市二模)

—WhydoChinesepeoplelikered?—Becausethecolourredisthe

ofgoodluckinChina.A.

cause B.

example C.

symbol D.

dream61078915234AC3.

(2022·启东市二模)

At2p.m.

onMarch27,2022,peoplefromthesearchandrescueteamstoodin

tomournthe132victimsofthecrashedMU5735aircraft.A.

spirit B.

silence C.

service D.

surprise4.(2022·温州鹿城区三模)

Bepositive,

andyouwillalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabad

.A.

situation B.

instruction C.

direction D.

conversationBA610789152345.(2022·莆田荔城区一模·改编)

SuBingtiansetanewAsian

of9.83secondsintheTokyoOlympicsMen’s100msemifinal(半决赛).A.rule B.record C.message D.medal6.Beingtallisusuallya(n)

inbasketball.Whynotconsiderjoiningourschoolbasketballteam?A.decision B.inspiration C.advantage D.reasonBC610789152347.(2022·沈河区二模)Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,weneedtotakeproper

.A.break B.breath C.action D.notes8.(2022·常州模拟)—Totellyouthetruth—Idon’twanttojoininthespeechcompetition.—Comeon.Youneedmorepracticetobuildupyour

.A.challenge B.confidence C.instruction D.personalityCB610789152349.(2022·昆明)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

andmakesushappy.A.truth B.fame C.energy D.culture10.(2022·云南)MissLihaslotsofteaching

.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.exercise B.excitement C.experience D.environmentCC61078915234学法方法点拨综合分析近年来的中考真题,名词词义的辨析也会打破类别的限制混合出现在一道题目之中。现总结一些高频词汇,具体如下:1.activity(活动),ability(能力),address(地址),advertisement(广告),advantage(优势),advice(建议),answer(回答),attention(注意)2.balance(平衡),background(背景),beach(沙滩),bottom(底部),building(建筑物),business(商业;生意)3.camera(照相机),challenge(挑战),chance(机会),change(变化),collection(收集物),choice(选择),competition(比赛;竞争),cause(原因),custom(风俗)4.danger(危险),decision(决定),design(设计),difference(不同),discussion(讨论),duty(责任),director(导演;主任),direction(方向)5.education(教育),energy(能量;精力),experiment(实验),expression(表达),environment(环境),experience(经验;经历),explanation(解释说明),European(欧洲人)6.feeling(感觉),festival(节日),fun(乐趣),future(未来)7.habit(习惯),health(健康),hobby(业余爱好),hometown(家乡),honor(荣誉)8.illness(疾病),information(信息),interest(兴趣),instruction(说明),importance(重要性),invention(发明),invitation(邀请)9.machine(机器),match(比赛;火柴),meaning(意思,意义),medicine(药;医学),method(方法),musician(音乐家)10.nature(自然),newspaper(报纸),noise(噪音)11.offer(提议),opinion(意见;看法),opportunity(机会),organization(机构;组织)12.patient(病人),protection(保护),praise(表扬),promise(承诺),problem(问题),pronunciation(发音),purpose(目的;意图)13.reason(理由;原因),relation(关系),result(结果),research(研究;调查),report(报告)14.service(服务),shape(形状;外形),stranger(陌生人),sight(视力;景象),style(样式;款式),subject(学科),support(支持),success(成功),suggestion(建议),sense(感觉)15.technology(技术),tourist(游客),tradition(传统),traffic(车辆;交通),trouble(困难)16.value(价值),voice(嗓音),volunteer(志愿者),visitor(游客)17.waste(浪费),wealth(财富),weight(重量)Ⅰ可数名词的复数考点考法强化1.(2022·齐齐哈尔富拉尔基区三模)

Space

,

astronautsZhaiZhigang,

WangYapingandYeGuangfusafelycamebacktotheearthfromtheTiangongspacestationlastmonth.A.

hero B.

heros C.

heroes D.

soldiersC61078915234考点

二名词的数与词形变化2.

(2022·岳阳模拟改编)

Therearealotofbeautiful

lyingonthestreetafterthestorm.A.

ice B.

leaf C.

leaves D.

snow3.

(2022·北海模拟)

Americansuse

andforkstoeat.A.

knives B.

knife C.

aknife D.

knifes4.(2022·贺州八步区模拟)

These

weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.

womendoctors B.

womendoctor.C.

womandoctorsD.

womandoctorCAA610789152345.

Heisamanwithrich

.Heoftentellsusmanyofhisexciting

_____

inAfrica.A.experience;experience B.experience;experiencesC.experiences;experience D.experiences;experiences6.(原创)Look!Some

areonthefarm.A.horseandcows B.monkeyandcowC.sheepandcows D.sheepandcowBC610789152347.(原创)Tomisarunningstar.Helikes

forbreakfast.A.eggs,tomatoandmilks B.eggs,tomatoesandmilkC.egg,tomatoandmilk D.eggs,tomatosandmilk8.—Mary,whoaretheseinthefamilyphoto?—Thisismy

andthesearemy

.A.sisters;parents B.sister;parentC.sisters;parent D.sister;parentsBD610789152349.Theyneedmanyelectric

(brush)towashthewinebottles.10.Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinviting

(thief)toenter.brushesthieves61078915234学法方法点拨8934情况构成方法示例一般情况加-scap→caps

dog→dogsbike→bikes

driver→drivers以字母s、sh、ch、x等结尾加-esbus→buses

wish→wisheswatch→watches

box→boxes续表情况构成方法示例以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-eslady→ladies

century→centuriesfamily→families

story→stories以f或fe结尾一般变f或fe为v,再加-esleaf→leaves

life→liveshalf→halves

knife→knives续表情况构成方法示例以o结尾o前为辅音音素时加-es,o前为元音音素时加-stomato→tomatoes

hero→heroespotato→potatoes

radio→radioszoo→zoos

(例外:photo→photos

piano→pianos)复合名词将主体名词变为复数tooth-brush→tooth-brushesfilm-goer→film-goers两部分都变复数mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachers续表情况构成方法示例特殊名词改变内部元音字母foot→feet

tooth→teethman→men

mouse→mice词尾加-renchild→children单复数同形sheep→sheep

deer→deerChinese→Chinese“各国人”名词变复数中日是一致,英法a改e,其他一律加-sChinese→Chinese

Japanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→Frenchmen

German→GermansⅡ不可数名词的量化表达考点考法强化1.

Ineedsome

onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.

suggestions B.

advices C.

suggestion D.

advise2.

—

Tony,doyouwantsomemilkforbreakfast?—

Yes,Mom.CanIhavesomepiecesof

,too?A.

bread B.

chickens C.

hamburgers D.

vegetables4123AA3.(原创)—MayIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,I’dliketwo

salt.A.bags B.bagof C.bagsof D.kilos4.(原创)Look!Some

areonthetable.A.breads B.piecesofbreads C.pieceofbread D.piecesofbread4123CD学法方法点拨不可数名词一般不可以用数词来修饰,没有词形变化。当不可数名词要计量时,要用“数词或冠词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示,表示量的名词可以有单复数的变化。apieceofbread一片面包somepiecesofbread几片面包akiloofmeat一千克肉threekilosofmeat三千克肉若为概数表达则可用some、much、alotof/lotsof、plentyof等来修饰。常考的不可数名词:advice(建议),furniture(家具),clothing(衣服),fun(乐趣),homework(家庭作业),information(信息),paper(纸),sugar(糖),work(工作),news(新闻),traffic(交通),weather(天气),wealth(财富)Ⅲ名词的转化考点考法强化1.

(2022·秦皇岛海港区二模)

Shemadethehousefilledwith__________

(happy)

andlaughter.2.

(2022·邯郸武安一模)

Robertisan

(America)writer.3.

(2022·衡水市景县一模)

Iwantedtobeafireman,butIfoundIwasalittleafraidof

(high).happinessAmericanheight16201718191115121314610789152344.

(2022·石家庄二十八中一模)

Its

(succeed)isimportantbecauseweneedit.5.Nextweek,we’llhaveourfinal

(examine).6.Idon’tunderstandthe

(mean)ofthissentence.7.(原创)Thankyouforsharingyour

(happy)withme.8.(原创)Physicsisaheadacheforme.Canyougivemesome__________(suggest)?successexaminationmeaninghappinesssuggestions16201718191115121314610789152349.(原创)TheteacherwasratherangrywithTom’s

(absent).10.(原创)Eatingtoomuchmeatisbadforyour

(healthy).11.(原创)It’squite

(nature)foryoutosucceed.12.(原创)Eating

(health)foodisgoodforyou.13.(原创)Withtherapid

(develop)ofmodernscience,ourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.14.(原创)Myuncleisafamous

(piano).Ilovehismusic.absencehealthnaturalhealthydevelopmentpianist162017181911151213146107891523415.(原创)Havingagood

(educate)isnecessaryforusall.16.(原创)Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe

________(warm)ofthesun.17.(原创)Johndidn’tattendthemeetingbecauseofhis

(ill).18.(原创)Foryour

(safe),youshoulddrivemoreslowly.19.(原创)Thanksforyour

(invite)toyoureighteenthbirthdayparty.educationwarmthillnesssafetyinvitation162017181911151213146107891523420.(原创)Inourschool,studentshavealotof

(active)afterschool.activities1620171819111512131461078915234学法方法点拨181913148934动词转名词-mentimprove→improvementdevelop→developmentachieve→achievement-ionprotect→protectioninvent→inventionconnect→connectionsuggest→suggestion动词转名词去e,加-ioneducate→educationrelate→relationcongratulate→congratulation动词转名词-ationinvite→invitationexamine→examinationimagine→imagination续表动词转名词-ingwarn→warning

mean→meaning-er/orteach→teacher

invent→inventor形容词转名词词尾的t改为cesilent→silencedifferent→differenceabsent→absence续表形容词转名词-y/tyhonest→honestysafe→safety

active→activity-nesshappy→happinessill→illness

kind→kindness-thtrue→truth

warm→warmth名词转形容词-ysun→sunny

health→healthy

luck→lucky-ful/lesscare→careful,carelesshope→hopeful,hopelessuse→useful,useless续表名词转形容词-al或去e加alcentre→central

nature→naturalperson→personal-lyfriend→friendly

week→weekly

day→daily-edbalance→balanced

talent→talented-ousfame→famous

humor→humorous名词转动词-izememory→memorize名词转名词-