2023年高中化学方程式(辞典式现查现记)

高中化学方程式汇总

一、无机化学方程式

A

Ag

Ag+2HNCh（浓）=AgNO3+NO2t+H2O

2Age1"装型=2Ag+Cl2t

AgNO?+NaCl=AgClj+NaNO?AgNCh+NaBr=AgBrJ,+NaNO?

AgNCh+Nai=Agl|+NaNCh

2AgNCh+H2s=Ag2S1+2HNO3

Ag3Po4+3HNO3=H3Po4+3AgNCh

Al

Al

卢燃，。一△△

Al+3O2=^^2AbO3（纯氧）2A1+3S^=A12s32A1+3C12^=2A1C13

4Al（固）+302（气）=2Al2。3（固）+3349.3kJ-mo『

4Al+3MnO2-2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3^^Al2O3+2Cr

高温△

2Al+Fe2O3^=A12O3+2Fe2Al+3FeO=AI2O3+3Fe

2A1+6HC1=2A1C13+3H2T2A1+3H2so4=Ab（SO4）3+3H2T

工△

2A1+6H2so4（浓）^=A12（SO4）3+3SC）2T+6H2O

A1+4HNO3（稀）=A1（NO3）3+NOT+2H2O（Al、Fe在冷、浓的H2so4、HNO3中钝化）

2Al+2NaOH+2H2。=2NaA102+3H2T

AI2O3VAI(0H)3

AI2O3+3H2so4=Ab(SO4)3+3H2O(AI2O3是两性氧化物)

Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O

△

2A1(OH)3^=A12O3+3H2O

A1(OH)3+3HC1=A1C13+3H2O2A1(OH)3+3H2SO4=A12(SO4)3+6H2O

Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAIO2+2H2O

铝盐

AlCl3+3NaOH=A1(0H)31+3NaCl

AlC13+3NH3H2O=Al(OH)3i+3NH4Cl

2AlCL+3Na2co3+3H2O=2A1(OH)31+3CO2T+6NaCl

AlCl3+3NaHCO3=A1(OH)31+3CO2T

AlC13+3NaA102+6H2O=4A1(OH)31

AlCh+4NaOH=Na[AI(OH)4]+3NaCl

A12(SO4)34-3Na2S+6H2O=2A1(OH)3H3H2Sf

AI4C3+12H2O=4A1(OH)31+3cH4T

As

As2O3+6Zn+12HC1=2AsH3T+6ZnCl2+3H2O

3As2s3+28HNO3(稀)+4H2O=6H3ASO4+9H2sO4+28NOf

As2s3+28HNC)3(浓)=2H3ASO4+3H2so4+28NO2T+8H2O

B

Ba

Ba(OH)2+C02=BaCO3I+H2OBa(0H)2+2CCh(过量)=Ba(HCO3)2

Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaSO4I+2H2O3Ba(OH)2+2H3PCh=Ba3(PO4)2I+6H2O

BaCh+H2s04=BaS04I+2HC1BaCh+Na2sCh=BaS04I+2NaCl

BaCO3+2HCl=BaC12+CO2t+H20BaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2t+H20

BaOz+LSO,(稀)=BaSOiI+H202)

Be

Be+2HCl=BaCl2+H2tBe+2NaOH=Na2BO2+H2t

BeCl2+2NaOH=Be(OH)2I+2H2O

Be(OH)2+2HCl=BeC12+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2BO2+2H2O

Br

△

Br2+H22HBrB「2+Fe=FeBr^

Br2+2FeBr2=2FeB「3Br2+Nal=NaBr+LBn+HI=HBr+I2

Br2+H2O=HBr+HBrO

Br2+NaOH=NaBr+NaBrO+H2O

Br2+SO2+2H2O=H2so4+2HBr

Br2+H2S=SI+2HBr

2Br2+3Na2cO3+H2O=2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+C02t

c

c

c

C+2F2=CF4

C+2C12=CC14

卢燃

2C+Ch（少量）2CO

C+O2（足量）屋里=82

△

C+CO2^=2CO

C+H2O=^=CO+H2（生成水煤气）

△

2C+SiO2^=Si+2CO（制得粗硅）

△△

C+Si^=siC（金刚砂）C+2S=CS2

电炉

3C+CaO:CaCz+COt

电炉

3C+SiO2—SiC+2COt

△

C+2H2so“浓）^=C021+2S021+2IW

△

C+4HN（）3（浓）^=C021+4N02f+2H2O

CO

占燃

2C0+02=^=2C02

△

C0+Cu（）----Cu+C02

△

3C0+Fe203^=2Fe+3C02

催化剂

CO+FLO

~A~~CO2+H2

CO2

占燃

CO2+2Mg^^2MgO+C

C02+H20=H2C03

C02+2Na0H(过量)=Na2C03+H20

C02(afi)+Na0H=NaHC03

C02+Ca(0H)2(过量)=CaC031+H2O

2cO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HC03)2

C02+2NaA102+3H20=2A1(OH)3I+Na2cO3

CO2+C6H50Na+H20=C6HsOH+NaHCO：,

C()2+Na20=Na2cO3

2cO2+2Na2()2=2Na2cCh+Oz

C02+NH3+NaC1+H20=NaHC03I+NH£1(侯氏制碱法)

Ca

CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2CaO+SiO口萼WCaSi()3

2Ca(OH)2+2C12=CaCL+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(0H)2+S03=CaS0(+H20

CaC0；,+2HN03=Ca(NO：)2+H2O+CO2t

(用HNO3和浓H2SO4不能制备HSHI、HBr、(SO2)等还原性气体)

CaC03+Si0CaSi03+C02t

CaFz+HzSO,(浓)=CaS0.i+2HFt

Ca3(P03+3HzS04(浓)=3CaS0，+2H3PoiCa3(P04)2+2H2SO4(^)=2CaS04+Ca(H2P0)

Ca3(P04)2+4H3P。4=3Ca(II,PO,)2(重钙)

CaH2+2H20=Ca(0H)2+2H2t

Cl

Cl+2Na=^l=2NaCl

Cl2+H2=2HC1(光照或点燃)2

3C1+2P=^1=2PC13

2Cl2+PChPC15

3C12+2Fe■叁2FeCbCb+Cn-^-CnCb

Cl2+2FeCh=2FeCL2Ch+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2

Cl2+2KI=2KC1+b*5CI2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HC1

CI2+Na2s=2NaCl+SICl2+H2s=2HC1+SI

CI2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HC1CI2+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO,+2HC1

C12+H2O=HC1+HC1OCl2+H2O2=2HC1+O2

Ch+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+HzO2Ch+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(C10)2+2H20

3cl2+6KOH(热、^)=5KCI+KC1O3+3H2O

Cu

△△上小

2Cu+O2=^=2CUO2CU+SCu2SCu+Cl2CuCl2

△

3CUO+2NH3^=3CU+N2+3H2O

CUO+2HC1=CUC12+H20CU0+H2SO4=CUSO4+H2O

CU(OH)2+2HC1=CUC12+2H2OCU(OH)2+H2SO4=CUSO4+2H2O

△

CU(OH)2=CuO+H2O

CUC12+H2S=CUSI+2HC1CuCl2+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2I+2NaCl

CUSO4+H2S=CUSI+H2SO4CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2I+Na2sO4

CuSO4+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)2I+BaSO4I

F

F2

F2+H2=2HF2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2

Fe

Fe

卢燃卢燃

2Fe+2FeCl33Fe+2O2三』Fe3O4

△

Fe+SFeS2Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3

△△

Fe+L^^=Fel2Fe+S^=FeS

产jybJ

3Fe+4H20(g)Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H21

Fe+CuC12=FeC12+CuFe+SnCl4=FeCl2+SnCl

Fe+H2S=FeS+H21

2Fe+6Hg(浓)=Fe2(S0)3+3S021+6H20

Fe+H2SO1(稀)=FeSO」+H"

Fe+6HN0;1=Fe(N03)3+3N02t+3H20

Fe+4HN03=Fe(N0;i)3+N0t+2&0

8Fe+3OHNO3=8Fe(N0:))3+3N20t+15H20

lOFe+36HN03=10Fe(N03)3+3N21+18H20

8Fe+30HN03=8Fe(NO；))3+3NH4N03+9H20

Fe(Al)+H2soi(浓)室温下钝化

Fe+(CH3COO)2CU=Cu+(CH3COO)2Fe

FeO

A△

3FeO+2A1:AlzO3+3Fe6FeO+O2-2FeaOi

FeO+4HNO3=Fe(N03)3+N02t+2IL0

FejOs

高温A

Fe203+2Al^^=Al203+2FeFe2O3+3C0^=2Fe+3C02

Fe203+3H2=2Fe4-3H20(制还原铁粉)Fe203+6HCl=2FeC13+3H20

Fe304

△△

Fe：O+4H2^=3Fe+4H2OFeO+8HCl(浓)^=FeC12+2FeCh+4H20

Fe(0H)2、Fe(OH)3

△

4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O==4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3^=Fe203+3H20

FeCI2

2FeCh+CL=2FeC13FeC12+Mg=Fe+MgC12

FeCI3

2FeCl；!+Fe=3FeCl22FeC13+Cu=2FeCk+CuC12(用于雕刻铜线路版)

2FeCL+HzSOa+HQ=HfCVZFeC1?+2HC1

2FeC13+Zn=2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeC13+H2S=2FeC12+2HC1+SI

2FeC13+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+I2

FeCl3+3NH3•H20=Fe(0H)31+3NH.IC1

2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)31+3CO21+6NaCl

FeCl3+3NaHC0a=Fe(0H)31+3C02t

2FeCh+SO2+2H2O=2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HC1BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4I+2HC1

FeCh+3KSCN==Fe(SCN)3+3KC1

FeS

FeS+2HC1==FeCl2+H2StFeS+H2sO4==FeSO4+H2Sf

4FeS2+1102——2Fe2()2+8SO2

其它Fe化合物

Fe2(S04)3+2Ag=FeS(h+Ag2sol(较难反应)

Fe(NO3)3+Ag不反应

H

H2

H2+F2=2HF（冷暗处爆炸）

H2+CI2=2HC1（光照或点燃）

催化剂、△

3H2+N2^,,.-^2NH3H2+S=H2s

△△

6H2+P4^=4PH32H2+SiC14^=Si（纯）+4HCl

H2+2Na=2NaH

3H2+Fe203=2Fe+3H20（制还原铁粉）

△△

4H2+Fe30」=^3Fe+4H2。2H2+Si02^=Si+2H20

Hg

3Hg+8HNC>3（稀）=3Hg（NO3）2+2NO2t+4H2O

Hg+4HNO3（浓）=Hg（NO3）2+2NO2t+2H2O

HF

4HF+Si02=SiF4+2H20

HC1

6HC1+2A1=2A1CL+3H2t2HC1+Fe=FeCl2+H2t

△△

4HC1（浓）+MnO2^=MnC12+C12+2H2。4HCl（g）+02^=25+240

16HCl+2KMn04=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H20

14HCl+K2Cr207=2KCl+2CrC13+3Cl2+7H20HC1+NL=NH4c1（白烟）

2HC1+Fe0=FeCl2+3H206HC1+Fe203=2FeCl3+3H20

△

:

8HC1（浓）+Fe30rFeCl2+2FeC13+4H20HC1+Na3Po.尸NazHPOi+NaCl

HC1+Na2HPO1=NaH2POl+NaClHC1+NaH2Po尸H3Pol+NaCl

HC1+Na2C03=NaHC03+NaClHC1+NaHC03=NaCl+Hz0+C02

HBr

HBr+NaOH=NaBr+H2O

2HBr+Cl2=2HC1+Br2

HI

△

2HI^=H2+I2

2HI+Cl2=2HC1+I2HI+NaOH=Nai+H2O

H2O

2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2C12+H2O=HCI+HC1O

2Na+2H20=2Na0H+H21Mg+2H20=Mg(OH)2+1-12t

由解

3Fe+4H0(g)=^=FeA+4H

:;22H2。2H2t+02

S02+H20=H2S03S03+H20=H2S04

3N02+H20=2HN03+N0N205+H20=2HN03

PQ5+HQ(冷)=2HP03「2。5+340(热)=2H3Poi

CO2+H2O=H2CO3

H2O2

2H2O2=240+02t

H2O2+C12=2HC1+O2

5H2O2+2KMnO.i+6HC1=2MnCL+2KC1+5O2t+8H20

H2S

H2S+C12=2HC1+SIH2s+Mg=MgS+H2

2Hf+3O2（足量）=2S02+2H202H£+02（少量）=2S+2H2O

2H2S+S02=3S+2H20HzS+HzSOK浓）=SI+SOz+2HzO

△

乩+S3Hzs+2HN03（稀）=3SI+2N0+4HQ

5H..S+2KMnO4+3H2SO.l=2MnS03+K2so.i+5S+8HQ

*31LS+K2Cr207+4H2S0.（=Cr2（SO,）3+K2S0.（+3S+7H20

*H2S+4Na202+2H20=Na2S0i+6Na0ll

HzS+Fe=FeS+H2tH2S+CUCL=CUSI+2HC1

H2S+2AgN03=Ag2SI+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2=HgSI+2HC1

H2S+Pb（N0）=PbSI+2HNO3

32H2s+4N02=4N0+S0B+H20

H2CO3

H2c03=82t+H2O

HC1O

HC1O=HC1+02t

HNO3

3HN0s+Ag3Po尸H3Pol+3AgN03

Al+4HN03（稀）=A1（N03）3+N0t+2HQ

3As2s3+28HNO3+4H2O=6H3ASO4+9H2SO4+28NOt

△

4HN0K浓）+CC021+4N02t+2H20

2HN（VCaC03=Ca（NO：、）2+H20+C02t

6HN03+Fe=Fe（N03）3+3N021+3H,0

4HN03+Fe=Fe（N03）3+N0t+2H2O

30HN0；i+8Fe=8Fe（NO3）B+3N2Ot+15IW

36HN0;i+10Ee=lOFe（NOa）3+3N2t+18H2

30HN0s+8Fe=8Fe（N03）3+3NH4NO3+9H2O

Fe0+4HN03=Fe（N03）3+N021+2H.0

3Hzs+2HNO3（稀）=3SI+2N0+4HQ

4HNO3=4NO2+O2+2H2O（见光或受热分解）

NH3+HN03=NH」N03（白烟）

（用HNO3和浓H2soi不能制备HA、HI、HBr、（S02）

3Na2s+8HN03（稀）=6NaN03+2N0+3SI+4HQ

3Na2S03+2HN03（^）=3Na2soi+2N0t+H20

*5HNO3（浓）+P=H3Poi+5N0zt+H2O

P4+2OHNCH浓）=4H3Po4+2ONO2+4H2O

S+6HNC）3（浓）=H2so4+6NO2t+2H2O

3S+4HNCh（稀）=3SC）2t+4N0t+2H2O

*S+6HN03（浓）=H2S0，+6N0"+2H?0

H3P。4

4H3PO*+Ca3(P0«)2=3Ca(H2P0)?(重钙)

HsPOi(浓)+NaBr=NaH2P0,+HBr

H3Poi(浓)+NaI=NaH2P0l+HI

H2SO3

H2S03+X2+H20=H2S0.,+2HX

(X表示Cl2>Bm、12)

2H2so3+02=2H2sO4

H2S03+H202=H2S04+H20

5H2S03+2KMn04=2MnS0」+K2sol+2H2so共3%0

H2so3+2FeCL+FLO=H2S0i+2FeC12+2HC1

H2S03=H20+S02

2H2so3+2H2s=3SI+2H2O

H2SO4

Zn+H2so尸ZnS(h+Hzt

Fe+H2so尸FeSO,+Hzt

Mg+H2so尸MgSOi+H?t

2A1+3H2S0.I=A12(S0.1)3+3H2t

A

2A1+6H2SO4(^)^=A12(SO,)；i+3SO2t+611,0

2NH3+H2S04=(NH4)2S04

△

2A1+6H2SO」(浓)^=A12(S0)3+3S02t+6H2O

H2S+H2SOK浓）=SI+SO2+2H2O

P2O5+3H2SOK浓）=2H3Po4+3S03

BaOz+H2soM稀）=BaSOl+H2O2）

Na202+H2S04（冷、稀）=Na2sO4+H2O2

MgO+H2SO,=MgSO，,+H2O

AI2O3+3H2sOLAIZ（SOJ3+340

△

2H2S0.1（ft）+C^=C02t+2S021+2H20

2Hzs0式浓）+S=3S02t+2H20

HeSOK浓）+Fe（Al）室温下钝化

6H2soi（浓）+2Fe=Fe2（S0）3+3S02t+6HQ

△

2HfO,（浓）+Cu=CuS0,+S02t+2H20

△

H2SO,（j^）+2HBr=^SO2+Br2+2H.O

△

H2SOI（浓）+2HI=S02+I2+2H20

H2sot（浓）+CaF2=CaSO4+2HFt

A

H2soi（浓）+NaCl=^=NaHSO」+HClt

H2SO4（浓）+2NaCl旗/NaS0,+2HCl

△

H2S0i（^）+NaN03^=NaHS0i+HN03f（微热）

3H2sol（浓）+Ca3（PO.）2=3CaS04+2H3PO4

2H2SO4（it）+Ca3（PO.,）2=2CaS04+Ca（ItPOj

△

b+H2V2HI

I2+FeFel2

I2+2NaOH=Nai+NalO+H2O

K

K

△

K+O2=KO2

2K+2H2O=2KOH+H2f

K2O、K2O2

K2O+H2O=2KOH

K2O+CO2=K2CO3

2K2O2+2CO2=K2CO3+O2

2K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O2

KOH

2KOH+CO2=K2CO3+H2O

KOH+CO2=KHCO3

K2CO3

K2CO3+2HC1=2KC1+CO2t+H2O

K2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3I+2KC1

K2CO3+2AgNO3=Ag2cO3I+2KNO3

KHCO3

KHCO3+HCI=KC1+CO2t+H2O

△

2KHec)3K2cC)3+CO2t+H2O

KC103

△

2KC1O32KC1+3O2t

KCIO3+6HC1=KC1+3Cbt+3H2。

KI

2KI+Cl2=2KC1+I2

KI+AgNO?=AglI+KNO3

KA1(SO4)2

2KA1(SO4)2+6NaOH=K2SO4+3Na2sO4+2A1(OH)3I

2KA1(SO4)2+3Ba(OH)2=K2SO4+3BaSO4I+2AI(OH)3I

KA1(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2=KA102+2BaSO4I

KMnO4

△

2KMnC)4KzMnOd+MnO?+O2t

2KMnO4+16HC1=2KC1+2MnCL+5C12t+8H2O

2KMnO4+5H2O2+6HC1=2KC1+2MnCl2+5O2t+8H2O

KSCN

3KSCN+FeCl3=Fe(SCN)3+3KC1

KH

KH+H2O=KOH+H2t

L

Li

△

Li+O2U2O

2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2t

Li2O

Li2O+CO2=Li2co3

Li2O+H20=2LiOH

LiOH

2LiOH+C02=Li2co3J+H20

LiOH+C02=L1HCO3

Li2cO3

U2CO3+2HC1=2LiCl+C02t+H20

LiHCO3

LiHCO3+HC1=LiCl+C02t+H2O

△

2LiHCO3^=Li2co3+CO2t+H2O

M

Mg

nlf八点燃…八

2Mg+0v^^^2MgOMg+2H2O=2Mg(OH)2I+H2t

点燃卢燃

Mg+CLS^MgCk2Mg+CO2三32MgO+C

Mg+S=MgSMg+Br2=MgBn

Mg+2HC1=MgCb+H2tMg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2f

2Mg+TiCL(熔融)=Ti+2MgeLMg+2RbCl(熔融)=MgCk+2Rb

MgO

MgO+2HC1=MgCl2+H2O

MgO+H2O=Mg(0H)2I

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2+2HC1=MgCh+2H2O

MgCOa

MgCO3+2HC1=2MgeI2+C02t+H20

△

MgCO3+2H2OMg(OH)2I+CO2t

△

MgCO3CO2t+MgO

Mg(HCO3)2

Mg(HCO3)2+2HC1=MgCh+2CO2t+2H2O

△

2Mg(HCC>3)2=Mg(OH)2I+CO2t+H2O

MgSO4

MgSO4+Ba(OH)2=Mg(OH)2I+BaSO4I

MgSCU+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2I+Na2SO4

MnO?

△

MnO2+4HC1(浓)=MnCl2+Cl2t+2H2O

N

N2

催化剂、油由

N2+3H?、高温高优2NH3N2+O2=S=2NO

点燃

N2+3Mg^^Mg3N2N2+6Na=2Na3N

NO、NO2、N2O5

2N0+02=2N02

N0+N02+2Na0H=2NaN02（用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和N02）

催化剂

6NO+4NH35N+6HO

△22

N02+2KI+H2（）=N0+l2+2K0H（不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别浪蒸气和N02）

4N02+H2S=4N0+S03+H20

N02+SO2=SO3+NO

r

3N02+H20=2HN03+N0

N205+H20=2HN03

NH3

△

2NH3+3CUO=3CU+N2+3H2O

2NH3+3C12=N2+6HC1

8NH3+3C12=N2+6NH1C1

4NH3+3O2（纯氧）^^=2N2+6H20

4NH3+502=^=4N0+6H20

4NHR+6N0第詈5N2+6HO（用氨清除NO）

NH3+HC1=NH£1（白烟）

NH3+HN03=NHN）3（白烟）

2NH3+H2SO4=（NH4）2S04

NH3+NaCl+H20+C02=NaHC031+NH4c1（侯氏制碱法）

2NH.3+SO2+H2O=（NHI）2SO.

△

NH3•H2O^=NH3t+H2O

NH3+H2O.、NH3•H20W^NHZ+OH

NH4HCO3>(NHQ2CO3

NH,HC03=NH3+H20+C02

(NH4)2CO3=2NH3t+H2O+CO2t

NH4C1

NH,C1=NH3+HC1

△

2NH4CI+Ca(0H)2^=CaCl2+NH3t+H20

△

NH..C1+NaOHNaCl+NH,t+H20

NH4CI+NaOH==NaCl+NH3•H2O

NH4NO3

NHiNO3+NaOH==NaNO3+NH3•H2O

△

NH,NO3+NaOH=NaNO3+NH3t+H20

5NH4NO3=^=2HNO3+4N2t+9H2O

、

(NH4)2S()3(NH4)2SO4

(Nft)2S03+S02+H20=2NH,HS03

(NHQ2SO4+2NaOH==Na2sO4+2NH3•H2O

A

(NHQ2SO4+2NaOII=Na2sO4+2NH3t+2H20

Na、NazO、NazO2

占燃占燃

4Na+02=2Na202Na+02=^=Na202Cl2+2Na-2NaCl

△

2Na+S=Na2s(爆炸)2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2t2Na+H2^=2NaH

2Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCL（熔融）=4NaCl+Ti

△

Na2O+H2O=2NaOH2Na20+02^^2Na202Na20+S03=Na2s（h

N3.2O+CO2=Na2cO3

Na20+2HCl=2NaCl+H20

N%（）2+2Na=2Na20（此反应用于制备N&O）

2Na202+2H20=4Na0H+021

（此反应分两步Na202+2H20=2Na0H+H202；2H2。2=2压0+02tH2O2的制备可利用类似的反应）

2Na2（）2+2cO2=2Na2co3+O2

Na2（VH2sol（冷、稀）=Na2sO4+H2O2

NaH

NaH+H2O=NaOH+H2t

NaOH

2NaOH+Si+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2t

6NaOH+3S^=2NazS+Na2so3+3H2O

2NaOH+2A1+2H20=2NaA102+3H2t

2NaOH（过量）+C02=Na2C03+H20

NaOH+C（）2（过量）=NaHC03

2NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）

2Na0H+AL03=2NaA102+H20

2NaOH+C12=NaC1+NaC10+H.0

NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O

NaOH+H，S(足量)=NaHS+H20

2NaOH+H2S(少量)=Na2s+2&0

3NaOH+AlCh=Al(OH)3I+3NaCl

NaOH+Al(0H)3=NaA102+2H20

△

=

NaOH+NH.1Cl^NaCl+NH；!t+&O

4NaOH+AlCb=Na[Al(OH)4]+3NaCl

2NaOH+P2O5=2NaPO3+H2O

6NaOH+PO=2Na3PO3+3H2。

25

NaAlO2

2NaA102+C02+3H20=2Al(OH)31+Na2cO3

3NaA102+AlCl3+6H20=4Al(0H)3I

NaCkNaClO>NaBr、Nai

△

NaCl+ILSOK浓)=NaHSO“+HClf

强战

1LSO,(浓)+2NaC1Na2S0t+2HC1

2NaI+C12=2NaCl+L

NaBr+H3PO4(浓)=NaH2PO」+HBr

Nal+HFOX浓)=NaH2POMI

Na2CO3>NaHCCh

Na2C03+Si02=^^Na2SiO3+CO2

Na2cO3+HCI=NaHCOs+NaCl

NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2

3Na2C03+2AlCl：i+3H20=2Al(0H)31+3C021+6NaCl

3Na2C03+2FeCL+3H20=2Fe(OH)3I+3CO2t+6NaCl

3NaHCO3+AlCl3=Al(OII)3I+3CO2t

3NaHCO;t+FeCl3=Fe(OH)31+3CO2t

NaHCCh+HC1=NaCl+CO2t+H2O

△

2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+CO2t+H2O

3Na2cO3+2Br2+H2O=2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2t

NaHCCh+Bn=NaBr+HBrO+CO2t

、

NaNChNaNO2

△

2NaNO32NaNO2+O2t

△

H2soi(浓)+NaN0；,^=NaHS01+HN0"(微热)

KC1O3+6HC1=KC1+3C12t+3H2O

NaNO2+NH4CI=NaCl+N2t+2H2O

、、

Na3Po4NaH2Po4Na2HPO4

Na3PO,+HC1=Na2HPO4+NaCl

Na2HP0i+HCl=NaH2P0,+NaCl

NaH2POdHCl=H3P0,+NaCl

Na2S>NaHS

Na2S+Cl2=2NaCl+SI

3Na2s+8HN0：,(稀)=6NaN03+2N0+3SI+4压0

3Na2S+Al2(S0,)3+6H20=2Al(0H)3I+3HAt

Na2SC)4、NazSCh、Na2s2O3

3Na2so3+2HNOK稀)=3Na2S01+2N0t+H，0

ZNa-zSCh+Oz=2Na2so4

Na2s2O3+H2soi=Na2soi+S+SO2+H2O

△

Na2sO3+SO2+H2O=2NaHSO32NaHSC)3=Na2sO3+SO2t+H2O

Na2SiO3

Na2SiO3+2HC1==H2SiO3I+2NaCl

C6H5ONa

C6H50Na+C02+H?0=C6HsOH+NaHCO：,

o

O2

卢燃△

O2+2H22H2OO2+K=KO2

占燃

2O2+3Fe—^^Fe3O4

卢燃

O2+S=^=SO2

O2+N2=^=2NO3O2=tt=2O3

占燃

4P+502TNPQIO(常写成P2O5)

占燃

C+O2(足量)=^CO2

△

Si(粉)+O2^=SiO2

4Na+02=2Na20

△

2Na2()+C)22N3.2O2

2Na+02=Na202

2Mg+()2点燃：2MgO

4A1+30：,金丝2ALQ,(钝化)

4NH3+50£===4N0+6H20

△

2S02+0,^=2S0：i

点燃

2C0+02T^2C02

△

6Fe0+02----2Fe304

2H2so3+02=2H2sO4

4Fe(OH)2+02+240=4Fe(OH)3

2Na2s。3+。2=2Na2so.4

03

2O3=302

O3+2HI==I2+O2+H2O

P

P

卢燃△

2P+3cL^^2PCLPC13+C12^=PC15

△

P4+6H2：4PH3

点燃

4P+5O2P40io(常写成P2O5)

P4+2()HNC)3(浓)=4H3Po4+2ONO2+4H2O

11P+15CUSO4+24H2O=5C113P+6H3Po4+15H2so4

PH3+2O2==H3PO4

P2O3、P2O5

PzOs+fWl冷)=2HP03

P205+3H20(j^)=2H3P0」

(PG极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂

*P2O5+3H2s浓)=2H3P04+3S03

P2O5+2NaOH=2NaPO3+H20P2O5+6NaOH=2Na3PO3+3H2O

Pb、PbO2

Pb+2HC1=PbCl2+H2t

△

PbO2+4HC1(浓)=PbCL+Cl21+2H--0

铅盐

Pb(N03)2+H2S=PbSI+2HNO3

(CH:)C00)2Pb+H2S=PbS1+CH3COOH

R

2Rb+2H2O=2RbOH+H2t

RbOH+HC1=RbCl+H2O

s

s

△△△

:=

S+H2=^=H2s2S+C^=CS2S+Fe^FeS

△△△

S+2Cu^^=Cu2s3s+2A1^=ALS3S+Zn:^=ZnS

点燃

S+O2so2

S+6HNC>3（浓）=H2so4+6NO2t+2H2O

3S+4HNC）3（稀）=3SCht+4NOt+2H2O

△

3s+6NaOH=^=2Na2S+Na2so3+3H2O

S+2Na=Na2s（爆炸）

S+Mg=MgS

△

S+Fe=^FeS

S+2H2soi（浓）=3S02f+2H20

SO2

S02+2H2s=3S+2H2O

△

2so2+Of2S03

2S02+02+2H20=2H2S04

S02+C12+2H20=H2S0I+2HC1

S02+Br2+2H20=H2so，i+2HBr

S02+l2+2H20=H2so4+2H1

*S02+N02=S0a+N0

S(V2H2s=3S+2H2O

S02+H20=H2S03

S02+2NH3+H20=(NH)2sO3

SO2+(NHt)2s03+H2()=2NHIHS03

S02+Ca(0H)2=CaS03I+H20

(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO?和C02.可用品红鉴别)

2NaOH+SO2(少量)=Na2sO3+H2O

Na0H+S02(足量)=NaHS03

CI2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HC1

SO3

S03+H2O=H2SO4

S03+Mg0=MgS04

S03+Ca(0H)2=CaS0i+H2。

SCh+NazO=Na2so4

*S03+2KI=K2so3+I2

Si

,△△

Si（ffl）+2Cl2=SiCl4SiC14+2H2=Si（纯）+4HCl

△△

Si（粉）+O2^=SiO2Si+C^=siC（金刚砂）

Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2t

SiO2

△

2C+SiO2^=Si+2CO（制得粗硅）

电炉

3C+SiO2---------SiC+2COt

点燃

2Mg+SiO,=三三2MgO+Si

4HF+Si02=SiF.i+2H20

△

SiO2+2H2=Si+2H2O

△

*SiO^2Mg=^=2MgO+Si

SiO2+CaO=^=CaSiO3

Si02+2Na0H=Na2si03+H20（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）

高汨

Si02+Na2C03^^Na2Si03+C02

Si02+CaCO：,^^CaSiO3+CO2

2Na0H+Si02=Na2Si03+H20

z

Zn

△

Zn+S==ZnS

Zn+2HC1=ZnCl2+H2t

Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2t

Zn+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+H2t

Zn+2FeCl3=2FeCL+ZnCl2

ZnO

ZnO+2HC1=ZnCl2+H2O

ZnO+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+H2O

Zn(OH)2

Zn(OH)2+2HC1=ZnCl2+2H2O

Zn(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+2H2O

Zn(OH)2+4NH3•H2O=Zn(NH3)4(OH)2+4H2O

△

Zn(OH)2ZnO+H2O

二、热化学方程式

B

1

B2H6(g)+3O2(g)=B2O3(S)+3H2O(1)；AH=-2165kJ•mol-

c

1

C(石墨,s)+O2(g)=CO2(g)；AH=-393.5kJ-mof

1

C(金刚石，s)+O2(g)=CO2(g);AH=-395.4kJ•mol

C(金刚石，s)=C(石墨，s)；AH=-1.90kJ,mol1.

C(s)+H2()(g)=CO(g)+H2(g)；AH=+131.3kJ,mol-1

1

C(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g)；AH=-110.5kJ•mol-

1

C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g);AH=-393.5kJ•mol'

CO(g)+1/202(g)==CO2(g);AH=-283kJ,mol'1

1

CaC2(s)+2H20(1)=C2H2(g)+Ca(OH)2(s)；AH=-127kJ•mol'

1

CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(1)：AH=-890.3kJ•mol-

C2H4(g)+3O2(g)=2CCh(g)+2H2O(1)；AH=-1411kJ•mol"

1

C2H2(g)+5/2O2(g)=2cCh(g)+H2O(1)；AH=-1300kJ•mol-

1

C3H&(g)+5O2(g)=3CO2(g)+4H2O(1)；AH=-2220.0kJ-mol-

C8H18(l)+25/2O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(1)；AH=-5518kJ•mol-

1

CH3OH(1)+3/2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(1)；AH=-725.8kJ•mol-

1

C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)=2c02(g)+3H20(1)：AH=-1367kJ•mol-

C6Hl2。6(s)+602(g)=6c02(g)+6H2OQ);AH=-2800kJ,mol'1

H

H2(g)+C12(g)==2HC1(g)；△H=-184.6kJ•mol-1

1

2H,(g)+02(g)=2H20(g)；AH=-483.6mol•L-

1

H2(g)+l/2O2(g)=H20(1)；AH=-241.8kJ•mol-

1

2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(1)；AH=-571.6kJ•mol-

1

H2(g)+l/2O2(g)=H20(1)；AH=-285.8kJ•mol

1

2H20(g)=2H2(g)+02(g)；AH=+483.6kJ•mol'

1

H2O(g)=H2(g)+l/2O2(g)；AH=+241.8kJ•mol'

1

2H2O(1)=2H2(g)+O2(g)；AH=+571.6kJ•mor

1

H2O(1)=H2(g)+l/2O2(g)；AH=+285.8kJ•mol-

1

H2O(1)==H2O(g)；AH=+44kJ•mol'

1

H2O(g)==H2O(1)；AH=-44kJ•mol-

HO(aq)+NaOH(aq)==NaCl(叫)+H2O(1)；AH=-57.3kJ,mol-1

+-1

H(aq)+OH-(aq)==H2O(1)；AH=-57.3kJ•mol

N

N2(g)+O2(g)=NOzCg);AH=+180.7kJ•mol-1

1

N2(g)+3H2(g)屋"装,2NH3(g)；AH=-92.4kJ•mor

1

4NH3(g)+5O2(g)===4N0(g)+6H20(g)；AH=-907kJ-mol.

1

2N0(g)+02(g)=2N02(g)；AH=-113kJ•mol.

3N0z(g)+H20(l)=2HN03(l)+NO(g)；AH=-136kJ-mol

N2H4(g)+O2(g)=N2(g)+2H20(g)；AH=-534kJ•moF'

1

N2H4⑴+2H2O2⑴=N2(g)+4H2O(g)；AH=-641.6kJ•mol'

1

2N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g)；AH=-1135.7kJ-mol.

P

P4(白磷，s)=4P(红磷，s)；AH=-66.8kJ•mol1.

s

-1

S(g)+02(g)电期SO2(g)；AH=-297kJ•mol

FeS2(s)+1l/4O2(g)l/2Fe2O3(s)+2so2(g);AH=-853kJ•mol”

1

SO2(g)+l/2O2(g)-—SO3(g)；AH=-98.3kJ-mol'

1

SO3(g)+H2O(1)=H2sOMI);AH=-130.3kJ•mol-

三、离子反应方程式

A

Al

2A1+6H+==2A13++3H2T

2A1+20H+2H2。==2A1O2-+3H2T

+

A产+3H2OA1(OH)3+3H

A伊+30H==A1(OH)31

3+

Al+40H"==A102'+2H2O

3+

3A1+1OOH==2Al(OH)3j,+A102+2H2O(当n(AlCl3)/n(NaOH)=3：10时)

3++

Al+3NH3.H2O==A1(OH)3；+3NH4

3+

2A1+3co3”+3H2O==2A1(OH)31+3co2T

A伊+3HCOr==A1(OH)31+3co2T

3+

Al+3HS+3H2。==A1(OH)31+3H2ST

3+

2A1+3s*+6H2O==2AI(OH)3；+3H2St

3+

Al+3A1O2'+6H2。==4A1(OH)31

3+2

2A1+3SiO3==Al2(SiO3)21

A1O2-+2H2。5=^A1(OH)3+OH

+

A1O2-+H+H2O==A1(OH)3j

+3+

AlOf+4H==Al+2H2O

+3+

9A1O2+30H==2A1(OH)31+7A1+12H2O(当n(NaA102)/n(HCl)=3：10时)

3+

3A1O2-+Fe+6H2O==Fe(OH)31+3Al(OHR

+

AlOf+NH4+H2O==A1(OH)3J.+NH3f

2

A1O<+HCO<+H2O==A1(OH)31+CO3

2

2A1O2-+CO2+3H2O==2A1(OH)31+CO3-

AlOf+CO2+2H2O==A1(OH)3；+HCO3-

AI2O3+6H+==2AP++3H2O

AI2O3+2OH==2A1O2-+H2O

3+

A1(OH)3+3H+==Al+2H2O

A1(OH)3+2OH-==AlOf+2H2O

Ag

+

Ag+H2OAgOH+H+

++

Ag+NH3.H2O==AgOHJ+NH4;

++

Ag+2NH3.H2O==[Ag(NH3)2]+H2O

Ag++Cl==AgClj,

Ag++Br==AgBr|

Ag++I==Agl|

3Ag++PO43==Ag3Po41

2Ag++CO32==Ag2co31

+

Ag2cCh+2H==2Ag++CO2