中考英语（广东专版）第一部分第七节动词和动词短语课件

第一部分语法突破第七节动词和动词短语新课程标准中,动词的考查包括：动词的基本形式、系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、助动词、情态动词。动词分为：助动词、情态动词、系动词、行为动词(包括及物动词和不及物动词)四类。行为动词有动词原形(do)、现在分词和动名词(doing)、过去式(did)、过去分词(done)、第三人称单数(does)五种形式。动词作谓语时,要和其主语保持人称和数的一致。实义动词辨析6年5考(同一动词型6年2考,同一介词/副词型6年3考)。一、助动词的用法

序号用法例句1be(am,is,are,was,were)：与行为动词构成现在进行时、过去进行时(be+doing)或者被动语态(be+done)(1)We

workinghardinthegardenatthemoment.

(2)He

doinghishomeworkat9：00lastnight.

(3)English

spokeninCanada.

arewasis

序号用法例句2do,does,did：用于行为动词的否定句和疑问句中(1)

you

(live)inShanghai？

(2)He

(notlike)hamburgersanymore.

(3)

they

(have)ameetinglastweek？

Dolivedoesn’tlikeDidhave

序号用法例句3have,has：与行为动词构成现在完成时(have/has+done)(1)I

(notfinish)theworkyet.

(2)She

(live)herefor20years.

4will：与行为动词构成一般将来时(willdo)I

(call)youthisevening.

haven’tfinishedhaslivedwillcall二、情态动词的用法序号词语用法例子1can表示能力,意为“会,能够”；表示许可、请求,意为“可以”；can’tbe表可能性、猜测,用于否定猜测,意为“不可能”(1)She

(能够)writestories.

(2)You

(可以,允许)gonow.

(3)Thebat

(不可能)beLily’sbecausesheneverplaysping-pong.

(4)He

(能够)cookdinnerforhisparentswhenhewasyoung.

could为can的过去式,表示过去的能力；在疑问句中表示委婉请求cancancan’tcould序号词语用法例子2may,might表示允许或请求允许；在回答may的问句时,否定答语要用mustn’t,表示不允许；表可能性、猜测；might是may的过去式,表请求时比may更委婉(1)—

(可以)Ismokehere？

—No,you

(不可以).It’stoodangerous.

(2)He

(可能)cometomorrow,butIamnotsure.

(3)Lilysaidshe

(可能)forgettocleanherroom.

Maymustn’tmaymight序号词语用法例子3must表示必须,在回答must的问句时,否定答语要使用needn’t或don’thaveto；mustn’t表示禁止；表示推测,语气比may肯定,只用在肯定句中(1)—

(必须)Istayinbedallday？

—No,you

(不需要).

(2)You

(不准)lendmybooktoothers.

(3)He

(肯定)beathomenow.

Mustneedn’tmustn’tmust序号词语用法例子4will/would表示请求、建议和征求听话人的意见。would比will语气更委婉

(会)yougowithme？

youliketojoinus？

Will/WouldWould序号词语用法例子5need作情态动词时,一般只用于疑问句或否定句中；在疑问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto；作实义动词时,后常跟不定式做宾语,常用于肯定句(1)You

(没必要)giveitbacktomebeforeFriday.

(2)—NeedIfinishtheworktoday？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).(3)Heneedstoseeadoctor.他需要去看医生。needn’t/don’thaveto序号词语用法例子6should(否定式为shouldn’t)表示责任和义务,也可表示劝告或建议Weshouldkeeptheairfresh.我们应该保持空气清新。7shall主语是第一人称的疑问句,表示询问意见ShallwegoforapicnicthisSaturday？这周六我们去野炊好吗？8hadbetter最好；否定形式hadbetternotYouhadbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。三、系动词的用法作为系动词,有些不具词义；有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。主要有：be,look,taste,smell,sound,feel,get,become,grow,turn,go,fall,come,keep,stay,remain,seem,appear等。序号状态系动词(be动词)例子1(1)形式一般会随人称及时态的变化而变化(2)后面接名词、代词、数词、介词或形容词等①She

anurse.

②I

tired.

youtired,too？

③Hegotuplateand___________

lateforschool.

④TheybegantolearnEnglishwhenthey

6yearsold.

isamArewaswere序号感官系动词例子2(1)感官系动词有：look,taste,smell,sound,feel等(2)后面接形容词(3)表示“看(听,闻……)起来像……”的结构：look/sound/smelllike,后面接名词或代词①Thesculptures

(看)real.

②Themooncake

(尝)good.

③It

(闻起来像)chocolate.

④Whatdoesit

(听起来像)？

looktastessmellslikesoundlike序号变化系动词例子3(1)变化系动词有：get,become,grow,turn,go,fall,come(2)become多指身份、职位或状态等的变化,后面接名词或形容词,或用于天气变暖或变冷,天变长或变短turn一般用于表示颜色的变化get一般用于天变黑或变亮,此时也可用grow,天气变暖或变冷,天变长或变短,此时也可用becomegrow一般用于某段时间的心情变化go由某种状态向另一种状态转变,后面多接形容词作其表语,此类形容词往往意义不佳①Whenwintercomes,thedays__________

(变短).

②Mycomputerhas

(出毛病).

③Theleaves

(变绿)whenspringcomes.

④He

(成为)ateacherwhenhewas20.

⑤Hermother

(变得)angrywhensheheardthenews.

⑥Hisdream

true(实现)atlast.

⑦Astimewenton,he

moreandmoreimpatient.随着时间的流逝,他变得越来越没有耐心了。

getshortergonewrongturngreenbecamegot/becamecamebecame序号持续系动词例子4(1)用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度(2)主要有keep,stay,remain,后接形容词①Youmust

(保持安静)inthelibrary.

②Whateverachievementsyou’vemade,youshouldremainmodest.无论你取得多么大的成就,你都该保持谦虚。keepquiet序号表像系动词例子

5(1)用来表示“看起来像”这一概念(2)主要有look,seem,appear,后接形容词①He

tired.他看起来很累。

②He

(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心。

looksseems四、实义动词(行为动词)的用法行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。及物动词后面加宾语意义才完整,有被动语态。如：Iwanttwoapples.我想要两个苹果。(动词+宾语)MayIaskyouaquestion？

我可以问你一个问题吗？(动词+宾语+宾补)2.不及物动词后不接宾语,没有被动语态,但与介词连用时,后面可接宾语。如：Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.这场事故发生在昨晚。Theboylookedafterhissisterwell.这个男孩把他妹妹照顾得很好。3.同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。如：Shecansinganddance.她能歌善舞。(sing用作不及物动词)ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词)五、动词短语动词短语是中考必考点之一,基本有下列几种构成：1.动词+介词,如：Maryislookingforhererasereverywherenow.玛丽正在四处找她的橡皮。2.动词+副词,如：Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.离开房间时记得关灯。=Remembertoturnthelightoffwhenyouleavetheroom.Look,thereisapenonthefloor.Pleasepickitup.看,地上有支笔,请把它捡起来。注意：动副搭配的短语中,代词作宾语时应放在动词后,副词前。当宾语是名词时,该名词放在副词的前后都可以。3.动词+副词+介词,如：Wearelookingforwardtoyourcoming.我们期待你的到来。六、易错点突破(一)情态动词1.情态动词的位置：情态动词在句中放在行为动词之前；在疑问句中,情态动词则在主语之前。你一次可以借两本书。Youcankeeptwobookseachtime.(1)否定句：_________________________________________________________________

(2)一般疑问句：____________________________________________Youcan’tkeeptwobookseachtime.CanIkeeptwobookseachtime？2.情态动词不能单独使用,后面需接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。如：Youhadbetternotmakeanoise.你最好不要吵闹。HecanspeakEnglishwellandheisabletosingmanyEnglishsongs.他英语说得很好,还能唱很多英文歌曲。(二)使用系动词时要注意以下几个问题：1.look,taste,smell,get,stay,go等既可作系动词,后接形容词,又可作行为动词,后接副词修饰。如：Shelookedexcitedwhenshewontheprize.获奖时,她看起来很激动。Shelookedupanddowncarefullyandtriedtofindsomethingspecial.她仔细地上下打量,试图找到一些特别的东西。2.除be外,其余的系动词的疑问式或否定式,要借助助动词。如：Thecakedoesn’ttastegood.这个蛋糕不好吃。Doeshelooklikehisfather？他长得像他父亲吗？(三)动词加介词或副词,构成动词短语。人称代词作动词短语的宾语时,放在介词后、副词前；名词作宾语时,可以都放在后面。如：Youcanlookitupinthedictionary.你可以在词典里查到它。Pleasewritedownyourname.=Pleasewriteyournamedown.请写下你的姓名。一、动词和动词短语在语法选择中的考查在语法选择中,动词的考查主要是动词时态、语态(被动语态)、动词搭配(非谓语)以及情态动词。情态动词主要考查can,could,may,might,must,haveto,need,should,will,would,hadbetter的用法。满分突破1.(2023·广州中考·11题)He

eatbigmealsanddidnotgohungryanymore.

A.could

B.might

C.should

D.must2.(2020·广州中考·3题)Soonthehouseisfilledwithbooks.Hiswife,Alice,isangry.“You

dosomething！”

A.must B.could C.would D.mayAA3.(2019·广州中考·9题)Fortheirgreatservice,we

forgettheseanimals.

A.shouldn’t B.maynot C.don’thaveto D.needn’t4.(2023·广州市海珠区一模)ThereFishertriedhisbesttohittheSky’sfloor,buthemadeonlyatinyscratch(抓痕).He____________

breakthroughtoSky.

A.mustn’t B.shouldn’tC.couldn’t D.needn’tAC5.(2023·广州市花都区二模)Whenthewaterinthericefieldsis60-80centimetersdeep,it

evenbeusedtoraisefishes.

A.can B.may C.must D.shouldA二、动词和动词短语在短文填空中的考查在短文填空中,动词基本依靠上下文的语境推断出来。近五年都涉及考查常见动词以及含动词的固定搭配。填入动词时注意时态和数的变化。1.(2022·

广东·73题)Peoplethereliketo

teawithsugarormilkinit.

2.(2021·

广东·68题)HisChinesefriends

him“LaoPan”.

drinkcall3.(2021·广东·69题)In1988,LaoPanfirstcametoChinaand______

asateacheratauniversity.

4.(2021·广东·71题)TheseexperiencesinChinagavehimideasforhisbooks.Sincethen,hehas

thirteenbooksaboutChina.

workedwritten/published5.(2023·佛山市顺德区一模)JanealsocleanedMrs.Wilson’syardandswepthersidewalk(行道)fortwodollars.Jane

theSteeles’dogafterwashingit.

6.(2023·惠州市惠阳区二模)Hedreamedofmakingacar.He______

muchattentiontothedevelopmentofcars.

walked

paid7.(2023·佛山市二模)I

mostofmyholidaypractisingskiing.Ihadawonderfultime.

8.(2023·珠海市香洲区二模)Humansneedto

suchkindofproblems.There’sstillalongwaytogo.

spent

solve9.(2023·江门市校考二模)You

workhardtobecomeausefulpersonsothatyoucanbenefit(有益于)society,justlikewhenthepeachandplumtreesbloomandyieldfruit(开花结果).

10.(2023·佛山市顺德区二模改编)Somearequitenice,andwe_____

hearlovelysongsfromthem.

should

can一、动词和动词短语辨析(

)1.Papercut-outsof“doublehappiness”areoften_________

inthemarriedcouple’shometobringgoodwishes.(2023·扬州市)

A.putback B.putup C.puton D.putoffB真题链接(

)2.It’sagoodhabitto

thelightswhenyouleavearoom.(2023·云南省)

A.turndown B.turnup C.turnoff D.turnon(

)3.—HowdoyouusuallygotoWuhanfromhere？—Byhigh-speedtrain.It

meonly20minutestogetthere.(2023·鄂州市)

A.spends B.pays C.costs D.takesCD(

)4.—Sally

intotheroleofourgroupleader.

—Really？I’mexpectingfreshairandnewideasfromher.(2023·武汉市)A.ran B.broke C.stepped D.lookedC(

)5.Thesmellofthesea

memoriesofhischildhood.(2023·营口市)

A.calledat B.calledoff C.calledup D.calledonC(

)6.—Hardtobelieve.Lukewontheschoolspeechcontest！—Heusedtobeshy,buthisfriends’support

hisconfidence.(2023·武汉市)

A.tookaway B.madeup C.putaway D.builtupD(

)7.—Areyoureadyfortheshow？—No.It’seasyto

aplaybutdifficulttoactitout.(2023·青岛市)

A.makeup B.takeup C.lookup D.putupA(

)8.—Shallwegotothenatureparkthisweekend？—Goodidea.Wecan

freshairinthepark.(2023·襄阳市)

A.takeup B.takedown C.takein D.takeoffC(

)9.Theteachertellsstudentsto

newwordsinadictionary.(2023·岳阳市)

A.lookafter B.lookup C.lookfor(

)10.Tina

hersunglassesonthebeachbecausethesunlightwassostrong.

(2023·阜新市)A.putup B.puton C.putaway D.putdownBB二、情态动词(

)1.—WouldyouliketovisitTianjinUniversitytomorrow？—Sorry,I’mafraidI

.I’llworkasavolunteerinmycommunity.(2023·天津市)

A.can

B.can’t

C.must D.mustn’tB(

)2.—Thepapercuttingisprettylively.Whomadeit？—It

beMary.Noneofusexceptherisabletodoit.(2023·滨州市)

A.can

B.must C.need D.mightB(

)3.—Excuseme,butwe

waitinlinetogetonthesubway.

—I’msorry.(2023·武汉市)A.might B.would C.could

D.shouldD(

)4.—

Ijointhevolunteerprogramonweekends？

—Ofcourseyoucan.(2023·怀化市)A.Can

B.Must

C.ShouldA(

)5.—Jack,couldyoupleasehelpmetakeoutthetrash？—Sorry,I

,mom.I

myhomeworknow.(2023·达州市)

A.couldn’t；amdoing B.can’t；amdoing

C.can’t；doB(

)6.—You

takethesubwaytotheairport,forIcandriveyoutheredirectly.

—That’sverykindofyou.(2023·荆州市)A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’tB(

)7.—IsTonycomingtothebookshowthisSunday？—I’mnotsure.He

notcome.(2023·甘孜市)

A.may B.should

C.must

D.needA(

)8.—Students

listentomusicwhiletheyareridingbikesontheroad.

—Iagreewithyou.It’stoodangerous.(2023·朝阳市)A.don’thaveto B.maynot C.mustn’t

D.needn’tC(

)9.—Whereareyougoingthissummervacation？—I

gotoZibo,butI’mnotsure.(2023·菏泽市)

A.must B.needn’t

C.might(

)10.—MustIstayhereandwaitforyou？—No,you

.Youcangohomenow.(2023·北京市)

A.needn’t B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.shouldn’tCA语法选择(主要考查动词)(2023·揭阳市二模改编)

TheUnitedNationsannouncedonApril19,2023thatIndiaisgoingtobecomethemostpopulous(人口稠密的)countryintheworldby

1

endofJune.In2022,Indiahad

2

than1.412billion