高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(56)讲义

①AwildAfricanbirdthatwillleadpeopletotreeswithhoneycomb（蜂巢）seemstosomehowlearnthedistinctwhistlesandcallsofthehumanforagers（觅食者）wholivenearthem.②Thisbirdspecieshasfarmoreinformationaboutwhatthebeesaredoingthanhumansevercould.InTanzania,Hadzaforagerscanuseaspecialwhistletoattractthisbird,whichwillthenflydownandstartleadingthemtohoney.Withitsnoisychatteringsound,thebirdisveryconspicuous.Oncethebirdarrivesatatreewithhoneyinside,itwillrestnearthebeehivesilently,seeminglynottodisturbthebees."That'sthesignaltotheHadzatoreallystartsearching,"saysBrianWood,ananthropologistatUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Prettysoon,theforagerswilllocatethehiveandcutopenthetreetrunk.③Itisfoundthatthebirdsaremorelikelytoshowupwhenthefamiliarsignalusedbythelocalsisbeingbroadcast.Accordingtotheresearch,thebirdsappear82%ofthetimewhenHadzawhistlesarebeingplayed.Buttheyappearonly24%ofthetimewhentheresearchersplaythewhistlestraditionallyusedinadifferentcountry.④Thismakesitclearthatthebirdshavelearnedwhattheirhumanneighborsdowhentheywanttopartnerupandgohoney-hunting."Thisisaverystrongresultwhichsupportstheideathatthere'salearningprocessinvolved,"saysWood.⑤Buthowdothebirdslearn?It'sstillunclear.Whatisclearisthatthishuman-animalcommunicationseemstobenefitbothparties,anditmaygobackmanythousandsofyears.Whenthehoneycombisout,thebirdsgetsomeofthebeeswax,whichtheylovetoeat.Andthehumanforagersgetthehoney-whichisanenormouslyimportantfoodfortheHadza.WoodhascalculatedthattheHadzagetabout10%ofthecaloriesintheirannualdietwiththehelpofthebirds.【素材来源：广东省汕头市2024届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题】28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conspicuous"inPara.2mean?A.Eye-catching.B.Care-free.C.Naughty.D.Attractive.29.Whatcanweknowaboutthebirds?A.Theyareraisedbyhumans.B.Theyhelpcutopenthetreetrunk.C.Theyfeedonhoneyastheirannualdiet.D.Theycandistinguishdifferentwhistles.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethehoneygathering?Acomplexdilemma.Anunfairtrade.Adouble-edgedsword.D.Awin-wincooperation.31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Thefamiliarsignalintheforest.B.Atalentedexpertinhuntingthebees.C.Awonderfulguidetocollectinghoney.D.Thehuman-animalcommunicationinTanzania.【五步法精析】串联题干Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conspicuous"inPara.2mean?Whatcanweknowaboutthebirds?Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethehoneygathering?Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?归纳主题词：thebirds,honeygathering28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conspicuous"inPara.2mean?第二段中划线的“conspicuous”是什么意思?A.Eye-catching.引人注目的B.Care-free.无忧无虑的C.Naughty.顽皮的D.Attractive.吸引人的领域词同义替换：special=eye-catching特别的=conspicuous②Thisbirdspecieshasfarmoreinformationaboutwhatthebeesaredoingthanhumansevercould.InTanzania,Hadzaforagerscanuseaspecialwhistletoattractthisbird,whichwillthenflydownandstartleadingthemtohoney.这种鸟类比人类更了解蜜蜂在做什么。在坦桑尼亚，哈扎族的采集者可以用一种特殊的哨子来吸引这只鸟，然后这只鸟就会飞下来，带他们去采蜜。Withitsnoisychatteringsound,thebirdisveryconspicuous.Oncethebirdarrivesatatreewithhoneyinside,itwillrestnearthebeehivesilently,seeminglynottodisturbthebees."That'sthesignaltotheHadzatoreallystartsearching,"saysBrianWood,ananthropologistatUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Prettysoon,theforagerswilllocatethehiveandcutopenthetreetrunk.29.Whatcanweknowaboutthebirds?关于鸟我们能知道些什么?A.Theyareraisedbyhumans.它们是由人类养大的。B.Theyhelpcutopenthetreetrunk.他们帮忙砍开树干。C.Theyfeedonhoneyastheirannualdiet.它们每年以蜂蜜为食。D.Theycandistinguishdifferentwhistles.它们能分辨不同的哨声。（具象化的同义替换）③Itisfoundthatthebirdsaremorelikelytoshowupwhenthefamiliarsignalusedbythelocalsisbeingbroadcast.Accordingtotheresearch,thebirdsappear82%ofthetimewhenHadzawhistlesarebeingplayed.Buttheyappearonly24%ofthetimewhentheresearchersplaythewhistlestraditionallyusedinadifferentcountry.根据这项研究，当哈扎哨声响起时，这些鸟出现的几率为82%。但当研究人员吹响另一个国家传统上使用的哨子时，它们出现的几率只有24%。30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethehoneygathering?以下哪一项最能描述采蜜过程?A.Acomplexdilemma.复杂的困境B.Anunfairtrade.不公平的交易。C.Adouble-edgedsword.就好像双刃剑D.Awin-wincooperation.一个双赢的合作(近义词的词汇复现）⑤Buthowdothebirdslearn?It'sstillunclear.Whatisclearisthatthishuman-animalcommunicationseemstobenefitbothparties,anditmaygobackmanythousandsofyears.Whenthehoneycombisout,thebirdsgetsomeofthebeeswax,whichtheylovetoeat.Andthehumanforagersgetthehoney-whichisanenormouslyimportantfoodfortheHadza.可以肯定的是，这种人类与动物之间的交流似乎对双方都有好处，而且这种交流可能可以追溯到几千年前。当蜂巢出来的时候，鸟儿就会得到一些它们喜欢吃的蜂蜡。人类采集者得到蜂蜜——这是哈扎人极其重要的食物WoodhascalculatedthattheHadzagetabout10%ofthecaloriesintheirannualdietwiththehelpofthebirds.31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?哪一个标题可以是合适的文本?A.Thefamiliarsignalintheforest.森林里熟悉的信号。B.Atalentedexpertinhuntingthebees.一个有天赋的捕蜂专家。C.Awonderfulguidetocollectinghoney.收集蜂蜜的精彩指南。D.Thehuman-animalcommunicationinTanzania.坦桑尼亚人与动物的交流。同义替换：collecthoney=getthehoney;enormouslyimportant=wonderful⑤Buthowdothebirdslearn?It'sstillunclear.Whatisclearisthatthishuman-animalcommunicationseemstobenefitbothparties,anditmaygobackmanythousandsofyears.Whenthehoneycombisout,thebirdsgetsomeofthebeeswax,whichtheylovetoeat.Andthehumanforagersgetthehoney-whichisanenormouslyimportantfoodfortheHadza.WoodhascalculatedthattheHadzagetabout10%ofthecaloriesintheirannualdietwiththehelpofthebirds.【逐句翻译】第一段：AwildAfricanbirdthatwillleadpeopletotreeswithhoneycomb（蜂巢）seemstosomehowlearnthedistinctwhistlesandcallsofthehumanforagers（觅食者）wholivenearthem.句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰bird；who引导定语从句修饰foragers句意：一种将人类带到有蜂巢的树上的非洲野生鸟类(蜂巢)似乎不知何故学会了住在它们附近的人类觅食者(觅食者)独特的口哨声和叫声。第二段：Thisbirdspecieshasfarmoreinformationaboutwhatthebeesaredoingthanhumansevercould.句子结构分析：what引导宾语从句句意：这种鸟类比人类更了解蜜蜂在做什么。InTanzania,Hadzaforagerscanuseaspecialwhistletoattractthisbird,whichwillthenflydownandstartleadingthemtohoney.句子结构分析：which引导定语从句修饰thisbird句意：在坦桑尼亚，哈扎族的采集者可以用一种特殊的哨子来吸引这只鸟，然后这只鸟就会飞下来，带他们去采蜜。Withitsnoisychatteringsound,thebirdisveryconspicuous.句子结构分析：with引导独立主格句意：这只鸟叽叽喳喳叫得很响，很引人注目。【超纲词汇解析】Conspicuousadj.显眼的，引人注目的Ifeltveryconspicuousinmynewcar.坐在我的新车里，我感到十分惹人注目。Oncethebirdarrivesatatreewithhoneyinside,itwillrestnearthebeehivesilently,seeminglynottodisturbthebees.句子结构分析：once引导时间状语从句句意：一旦小鸟带着蜂蜜飞到树上，它就会在蜂巢附近安静地休息，似乎不打扰蜜蜂。"That'sthesignaltotheHadzatoreallystartsearching,"saysBrianWood,ananthropologistatUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.加州大学洛杉矶分校的人类学家布莱恩·伍德说:“这是给哈扎人真正开始寻找的信号。”Prettysoon,theforagerswilllocatethehiveandcutopenthetreetrunk.很快，觅食蚁就会找到蜂巢，然后砍开树干。【真题必考词汇解析】Trunkn.树干;象鼻;大箱子;躯干Thetrunkandlimbsweighed29,500kg.树干和主枝重29,500公斤.第三段：Itisfoundthatthebirdsaremorelikelytoshowupwhenthefamiliarsignalusedbythelocalsisbeingbroadcast.句子结构分析：itisfoundthat引导主语从句；when引导时间状语从句句意：研究发现，当播放当地人熟悉的信号时，这些鸟更有可能出现。【真题必考词汇】belikelyto...可能Theywouldnotbelikelytoalightonthesurfaceofthesea.它们大概不会降落于海面上.showup显而易见;到场;（使）看得见;羞辱Theorangetipshowsupwellagainstmostbackgrounds.橙色的尖端在大多数背景下都很醒目。Accordingtotheresearch,thebirdsappear82%ofthetimewhenHadzawhistlesarebeingplayed.句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句根据这项研究，当哈扎哨声响起时，这些鸟出现的几率为82%。Buttheyappearonly24%ofthetimewhentheresearchersplaythewhistlestraditionallyusedinadifferentcountry.句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句句意：但当研究人员吹响另一个国家传统上使用的哨子时，它们出现的几率只有24%。第四段：Thismakesitclearthatthebirdshavelearnedwhattheirhumanneighborsdowhentheywanttopartnerupandgohoney-hunting.句子结构分析：that引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句句意：这清楚地表明，鸟类已经学会了它们的人类邻居在想要结成伙伴去采蜜时所做的事情。"Thisisaverystrongresultwhichsupportstheideathatthere'salearningprocessinvolved,"saysWood.句子结构分析：which引导定语从句修饰strongresult；that引导同位语从句修饰theidea句意：伍德说:“这是一个非常有力的结果，它支持了一个学习过程的观点。”第五段Buthowdothebirdslearn?但是鸟类是如何学习的呢?It'sstillunclear.目前还不清楚。Whatisclearisthatthishuman-animalcommunicationseemstobenefitbothparties,anditmaygobackmanythousandsofyears.句子结构分析:whatisclearthat引导主语从句句意：可以肯定的是，这种人类与动物之间的交流似乎对双方都有好处，而且这种交流可能可以追溯到几千年前。Whenthehoneycombisout,thebirdsgetsomeofthebeeswax,whichtheylovetoeat.句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句修饰beeswax句意：当蜂巢出来的时候，鸟儿