中美饮食文化的比较研究

PAGEAComparativeStudybetweenChineseandAmericanDietCulturePAGE3-摘要饮食是人类生存和发展的重要因素。饮食由于不同国家的文化、历史和地理位置等因素的影响，在食材、口味、烹饪方法、饮食习惯上都有不同程度的差异。了解中美双方的饮食文化差异和联系，有利于促进文化交流，加强沟通。本文希望对中美饮食文化进行对比，讨论两种饮食文化之间的共性和差异性。本文采用文献综述法对已有关于中美饮食文化研究状况进行概述，了解国内外关于此方向研究的研究现状，并挖掘出本研究可以选取的角度以及创新点；本文又采取调查研究以及观察法了解中美各自的饮食文化情况，搜索相关证据作为佐证，再通过对比分析法对所采集到的信息进行归纳汇总，做出对比分析，得出相关结论，经对比研究后本文提出透过中美不同的文化价值观,可以从饮食观念、饮食结构和餐桌礼仪三方面的饮食文化内涵进行了研究,并且进一步分析中美饮食文化的对立统一性,以及二者相互融合的趋势。根据其共性特征以及差异性，从文化传统和历史角度讨论其原因。最后，作者提出自己对中美饮食文化的思考。了解两国的饮食习惯有利于促进饮食文化的融合与发展。关键词：中国；美国；饮食文化；共性；差异性AbstractDietisanimportantfactorforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Duetotheinfluenceofculture,historyandgeographicallocationofdifferentcountries,therearedifferencesiningredients,taste,cookingmethodsandeatinghabits.UnderstandingtheculturaldifferencesandconnectionsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisconducivetopromotingculturalexchangesandstrengtheningcommunication.ThisarticlehopestocomparetheChineseandAmericandietcultureanddiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwokindsofdietculture.ThisarticleusestheliteraturereviewmethodtosummarizetheexistingresearchstatusofChineseandAmericandietaryculture,tounderstandthecurrentstatusofresearchinthisdirectionathomeandabroad,andtodigouttheanglesandinnovationsthatcanbeselectedinthisstudy.ThisarticlealsoadoptsinvestigationandobservationmethodstounderstandtherespectivedietaryculturesofChinaandtheUnitedStates,searchforrelevantevidenceasevidence,andthensummarizeandcollectthecollectedinformationthroughacomparativeanalysismethod,makeacomparativeanalysis,anddrawrelevantconclusions.Afteracomparativestudy,thisarticleproposestopasstheSino-Americandifferentculturalvaluescanbestudiedintermsofdietaryculturalconnotationsintermsofdietaryconcepts,dietarystructure,andtableetiquette,andfurtheranalyzethecontradictoryunityofSino-Americandietaryculture,andthetrendofintegrationbetweenthetwo.Accordingtotheircommoncharacteristicsanddifferences,thereasonsarediscussedfromtheperspectiveofculturaltraditionsandhistory.Finally,theauthorputsforwardhisthoughtsonChineseandAmericanfoodculture.Understandingthedietaryhabitsofthetwocountriesisconducivetopromotingtheintegrationanddevelopmentoffoodculture.Keywords：China;AmericaDietcultureCommonalityDifferencesContents摘要 -1-Abstract -2-Contents -3-I.Introduction -1-II.SimilaritiesanddifferencesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica -2-2.1SimilaritiesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica -2-2.1.1Emphasisontablemanners -2-2.1.2Strongconnectionwithsocialculture -3-2.2DifferencesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica -3-2.2.1Dietopinions -3-2.2.2Dietstructure -4-2.2.3Dietmethod -5-III.ReasonsforsimilaritiesanddifferencesindietculturebetweenChinaandAmerica -6-3.1Culturaltraditionreasons -6-3.1.1Culturaltraditionreasonsforsimilarities -6-3.1.2Culturaltraditionreasonsfordifferences -6-3.2Historicalreasons -7-3.2.1Historicalreasonsforsimilarities -7-3.2.2Historicalreasonsfordifferences -7-IV.AnalysisondietculturebetweenChinaandAmerica -9-4.1CulturalintegrationondietbetweenChinaandAmerica -9-4.2CulturaldevelopmentofChineseandAmericandiet -9-4.2.1ImpactofCookingIngredientSelectionandApplication -9-4.2.2Impactofcookingtechniques -10-4.2.3Impactofeatinghabits -11-4.3MutualreferenceofChineseandAmericandiet -12-V.Conclusion -13-Bibliography -14-Acknowledgement -15-PAGE15-I.IntroductionDietculture,asanimportantaspectofculture.Itisthesumofmaterialandspiritualphenomenathatpeopleembodyindietactivities.Withtheemphasisondietaryhealth,manyChineseandforeignnutritionscholarsarestudyingthedietaryhabitsofvariouscountriesinordertoseekamorereasonabledietarystructure.Cultureinfluencesourdailylifeandsocialactivitiesallthetime,anddietcultureisoneofthemostinfluentialparts.BothChinaandtheWesthavealonghistoryofdietculture,whichplayedanimportantroleinancientandmoderntimes,andpromotedthedevelopmentofhumansociety.TherearedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterndietcultures.Ananalysisofthesedifferenceswillhelpusunderstandthecustomsandculturalvaluesofdifferentcountries.Cross-culturalcommunicationinaglobalizedsituationhascauseddifferentdietaryculturesintheworldtobecomecomplementaryandintegrated.IfonecomparesthedietaryhabitsofthemorerepresentativeChineseandAmericanpeople,itwillbeconcludedthatissuesworthexploring.II.SimilaritiesanddifferencesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica2.1SimilaritiesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica2.1.1EmphasisontablemannersChinahastraditionallybeencalledthe"stateofetiquette".GoodetiquetteisatraditionalvirtueofChina.Chinesediningetiquettehasalwaysbeenveryparticularabout,suchastheorderofseating,theorderofserving,thebehavioratthetable,andactivitiessuchaspayingbills,allreflecttheChineseconceptofetiquette.Forexample,whenseated,theChineseattachgreatimportancetoage,socialstatusandgender.Usuallytheoldestpersontakestheseatfirst,andhisseatisgenerallyrightinthemiddleoftheroomentrance,becausetheChinesefeelthatthispositioncanlookaroundthewholeworldandisthemostnoble.（唐瑞，2017）Inaddition,Chinesepeoplegenerallyrespecttheleft,soimportantguestsusuallysitontheleft,whilethehostisontheright.AttheChinesetable,theatmosphereisveryimportant.Chinesepeoplelikealivelyandwarmenvironmentwhendining.Everyoneeats,talks,andlaughsduringthemeal,whichismorelivelyandharmonious.Ifthehostdoesnottalktotheguests,theatmospherewillbeextraordinarilyindifferentandveryimpolite.Inordertoexpresstheirenthusiasm,somehostswilltaketheinitiativetogarnishandtoasttheguests.Iftheguestsrefuse,theywillalsobeconsideredtobeimpersonalandimpolite.Inaddition,IhavetomentionthattheChinesedon'tpaymuchattentiontothedresscodefordining,andoftendresscasuallybecauseitseemstobeveryclosetotheowner.LikeChina,theUnitedStatesalsoattachesgreatimportancetotablemanners,butdiffersfromChinainthewayitexpressesitsetiquette.Butthecoreideaisthatdinersshouldrespecteachother,andeatingtogetherisasignofrespectforeachother.Americanstendtobemorecasualandrelaxedatthetable.WhendiningintheUnitedStates,usuallythefirstpersontotakeaseatistheso-called"Ladyfirst",andtheladytakesprecedence,andtheothersfollowher.IncontrasttoChina,Americansrecognizesidesasmorenoble,soguestsoftensitontherightsideofthehostess,whileotherssitontheleft.Americansatthetableareoftenquiet.（王涵羽and李德义，2019）Theydon'tliketalkingloudlyduringmeals,andtheythinkitisveryimpolite.ChinesetoastingandpinchingvegetablesarenotappropriateforAmericans.Theythinkthisisamanifestationoflackofrespectforpersonalprivacy.Americanseatwhattheywant,theydon’tcareaboutothers,andeventhehostjustpolitelyrecommendsadishtotheguests.Iftheguestsshowdislike,thehostwillnotinsist.Inaddition,Americansdressveryformallyandsolemnlywhentheygotothebanquet.Wearingcasualclotheswillberegardedasanexpressionoflackofrespectfortheowneranditisveryimpolite.2.1.2StrongconnectionwithsocialcultureBothChinaandtheUnitedStatesbelievethatsocialrelationsareveryimportantandintegratefoodcultureintosocialexchanges.Chinesesocietyisahumansociety.Peoplepaymoreattentiontotherelationshipwithothers.Atthediningtable,familyandfriendsgatheredtogetherandenjoyedeachother.Everyonetalked,talkedaboutdietanddrinks,laughedandplayedwitheachother,withoutanyworries,andtheirfeelingswereconsolidatedanddeepened.Inaddition,somebanquetshavebeencalled"dining"bytheChinese.（林伟杰，2019）Thesebanquetsmaybesetupforwork.Thesuperiorsandemployeestalkaboutworkatthedinnertable,thebossandtheclienttalkaboutbusinessatthedinnertable,andthedietbecomesacommunicationtool.Orit’sforacertainpurposeorpersonalbenefit,andtheguestsarealwaysaskingforsomethingfromthem.Atthiskindofbanquet,inordertomakethingshappen,theguestsoftenhavetosaysomethinggrand,flattering,insincere.Moneywillbegivenasgifts.Whatweseethroughthedietaresocialrelationshipsandinterpersonalrules.Itcanbesaidthatmostofthe"dinners"aresetupforthesakeofdoingthingswithoutemotion,withastrongutilitariannature.Chinesepeopleliketoeatandtalk,talkaboutthingsatthedinnertableandtalkaboutwork.Withtherelaxedandhappyatmosphereatthedinnertable,theycanenhanceeachother'sgoodwill,gainrecognitionandtrustfromeachother,andpromotethesmoothprogressofthenegotiation.（刘志成，2019）IntheeyesofmostWesterners,manythingsshouldbediscussedintheoffice,conferenceroomornegotiatingtable.Ifthingsaresuccessfullynegotiated,theycaneattogethertocelebrate.Inotherwords,Chinesepeoplevaluethefunctionandpurposeofthebanquet,whileWesternersenjoytheatmosphereofthebanquetmore.Althoughthetwocountrieshavedifferentwaysofsocializing,thepurposeofharmonyistobuildharmoniousinterpersonalrelationshipsanddeepenthedirectfriendshipofthediners.2.2DifferencesindietbetweenChinaandAmerica2.2.1DietopinionsThedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericandietaryculturesreflecttwodifferentdietaryconceptsandvalues.TheChinesehavealwaysadvocatedthat"peopletakedietastheheaven,anddiettakesthetasteasthefirst."TheChinesedietemphasizesthecompletenessofdishesincluding"color,aroma,taste,shape,andutensils".Thepursuitofdietisnotonlyataste,butalsoarealm.TheChineseprocessfishandvegetablesinavarietyofways,suchas:fried,stewed,braised,grilled,popped,mixed,etc.（霍娜，2018）Theblendingflavorofingredientsandseasoningscomplementsthediet,andpenetratesandblendswitheachother.Thediethasreachedanindescribablestate.Butitpayslessattentiontonutrition.TheUnitedStatespaysmoreattentiontothecombinationandabsorptionofnutrients.Americansthinkthatdietisonlyameans.Therefore,theirattitudeisrelativelycasual.Thewayofcookingdietissimple,mainlyroasting,frying,deep-friedandstuffy.Thedishesaremainlyauthentic,andtheywillnotpursuetastetoomuch.ThecommondietontheAmericantableismilk,steak,chickennuggets,potatoes,bread,sandwiches,cola,rawvegetables,etc.Youcanalsoseedifferentsaucesandseasonings,andthesaucesandseasoningsareputintothedietbytheeater.Chinesedietcultureisfullofstrongexperience,artistryandsensibility,andithasfarmorecontentthanitsrichdishes.InChina,eatingnotonlyreflectsacommunicativefunction,butalsocontainsawealthofpsychologicalandculturalmeaningsandpeople'sviewsandunderstandingofthings.Manywordsarerelatedtoeating,suchas:ironricebowls,taste,jealousyandloss.Asimportantasanyseasoningorcookingmethodisface,Chinesepeopletreatguestswell,havechildrentobeentertained,marriagetobeentertained,promotiontobeentertained,housewarmingtobeentertained,andfuneralstobeentertainedEvenifguestsareinvitedtodinnerathome,theywillspendalotofefforttopreparemeals,buthumblysay"Nothing,justalightmeal,eatwhateveryouwant".TheywouldneversaylikeAmericans,"Thesearemyspecialtydishes,andIspendawholedaypreparingthem."TheAmericanapproachistoshowthattheownerisright.Intermsoftherespectofguests,andinChina,itwouldbeconsideredtobeboastfulandinappropriate.Americansrarelytreatguests,andthebanquetmealsarerelativelysimple.Whattheyvalueistheliberalization,diversificationandrandomizationofbanquetforms.2.2.2DietstructureThedietisbasedontheagriculturaleconomy,anddifferentagriculturalstructureshaveledtodifferencesinthedietarystructureandhabitsofthetwocountries.Chinesedietcultureisaculturalsystembasedontraditionalagriculturalproduction.Chinesetraditionalagriculturewastransformedfromearlycollectionandhunting.TheancientChineselivedasettledlifeintheearlydays.Theymainlyplanted,supplementedwithvegetariandietsuchasgrainsandsupplementedwithmeat.Theyhadawiderangeofrecipesandvariedcookingtechniques,buttheydidnotlikecheeseandmilk.ThetraditionalagricultureintheUnitedStatesisanimalhusbandry,andplantingaccountsforasmallproportion.ThedevelopedanimalhusbandryprovidesAmericanswithawealthofmeatanddairyproducts,supplementedbyasmallamountofwheat.Itsrecipesandcookingmethodsaresimple,butnutritious.TheChineseliketoeatavarietyoffreshvegetables.Nowadays,thereisasayingthat"Novegetableisnotafeast."Accordingtoasurveybywesternbotanists,theChineseeatmorethan600typesofvegetables,sixtimesmorethanintheWest.Inaddition,Chinesepeoplehavethreemealsaday,whichincludesrice,noodles,beansandvegetables.AmericancuisineisnotasrichasChinesecuisine.ThemainstructureofAmericandietisone,two,three,andfour,liketriangles.Themainoneisbeef,thesecondischickenandfish,thethirdislamb,pig,shrimp,andthefourthisbread,potato,corn,andvegetables.（Johnson,2001:11-23）Theydonotknowhowtocook,andtheydon’tknowhowtotaste.Theircookingmethodsareextremelysimple,basicallymechanicalmixing.TheChineseeatalmosteverythinganddon'tcareaboutthehassleofeating;whiletheAmericandiethaslimitations,theydon'teatfour:onedoesnoteatfatandskin;twodoesnoteatheadandfeet;threedoesnoteatInternalorgans;fourareafraidofthesacrum.（刘彩霞，2018）Theyhavenopatienceineatingandeverythingissimple.Afterthemeal,theChineseliketoeatfruitandtea,whiletheAmericanslikedessert.Differencesindietstructurealsoleadtodifferencesineatingutensils.Chinesepeopleusechopstickstograbdiet,andAmericansuseknifeandforktocutdiet.Chopsticksdonotmakedietapreyunderviolenceaspeopledowithknifeandfork.Knives,forksandchopstickshavenotonlybroughtaboutdifferencesineatinghabits,buthavealsoaffectedthelifeconceptsoftheChineseandAmericanpeople.Knivesandforksinevitablyleadtoameal-sharingsystem,andchopsticksaredefinitelyagoodmatchforfamilymemberssittingaroundthetableandeatingtogether.2.2.3DietmethodThewayChineseeatsisdeeplyinfluencedbytraditionalculture.Payattentiontotheword“harmony”andreunionatmosphere.Whetherit’sfamilydinnerorentertainingguests,everyonemustsitaroundandsharethedietonthetable.Atthetable,eachdishisservedonaplateforeveryonetoenjoytogether;everyoneeatsthesamedishtogetheratmeals,showingintimacyandfriendliness.IntheeyesoftheChinese,"givingdiettogether"isaveryimportantinterpersonalactivity.Itcannotonlydeepentherelationshipbetweenfriendsandrelatives,butalsosharethedietwithstrangers.Therefore,Chinesepeopleliketoadddiettootherswhentheyareeating,indicatingthattheyareclosetoothers.AmericansaredifferentfromChinese.Americanspayattentiontotheirindividualityandindependence.Theyareusedtobeingseparatedfromotherswhentheyeat.Americansusuallyordertheirownmealsandholdoneforeachmeal.Theyareunwillingtosharedietwithothers.Evenatfamilydinners,onepersonoftendistributesthedietinthelargeplatetothewholefamily,andeveryoneseparatesandeatsintheirownsmallplates.（韩蓉,2019）IntheeyesoftheChinese,thisisunavoidablytooindifferentandlackshumanity,andAmericansareusedtoit.Becausetheythinkthatsuchamealsharingcanreflecttheconceptofhygieneandeconomy,notonlyavoidwaste,butalsoprotectthehealthofindividualsfromtheinfluenceofothers.Fromahygienepointofview,theAmericanmeal-sharingsystemdoeshaveitsmerits,becauseduringmeals,manypeopletalkwhileeating,salivaisflying.Andotherpeoplepickandchoosebetweendishes.Evensomehostsinordertoshowenthusiasm,taketheinitiativetopinchdishesforguests.Suchbehaviorsoftencausethespreadofthedisease.Therefore,itisslowlybecomingcommonpracticetoplacecommontablewareonChinesediningtables.III.ReasonsforsimilaritiesanddifferencesindietculturebetweenChinaandAmerica3.1Culturaltraditionreasons3.1.1CulturaltraditionreasonsforsimilaritiesBecauseculturesareintegratedwitheachother,differentculturesnaturallyinfluenceeachotherundertheinfluenceofcross-culturalcommunication,whichwillnaturallyformcertaincommoncharacteristics.TheexchangebetweenChineseandWesterncultureshascreatedafusionofChineseandWesterndietcultures.Thestudyofthecommonalityofthetwodietculturesnotonlyhelpspeopletounderstandtheessenceofeachother'sdietculture,payattentiontoeachother'setiquette,andatthesametimeseekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,effectivelydealwiththecommunicationobstaclesandevenconflictsencounteredincross-culturalcommunication.Thetwocomplementeachother'sstrengths,anddrawontheessenceoftheirrespectivedietarycultures.Naturally,therewillbecommonadvantagesintheirrespectivedietarycultures.3.1.2CulturaltraditionreasonsfordifferencesChinaisacountrythathasalwaysattachedimportancetodietandbeverages.Duringtheevolutionofcivilizationoverthousandsofyears,ithasformedacolorfuldietandbeverageculture.Comparedwiththeculinaryartsofothercountriesornations,Chinesecookinghasitsowncharacteristicsbothintheselectionofdietingredients,cookingtechniques,thedesignofdishes,thetreatmentofseasonings,andthenamesofdishes.FortheUnitedStates,thediversityofhumanfactorsismorecriticalthanthelocalgeopoliticalfactors.（任闯，2019）TheUnitedStatesisaplaceofimmigration,soAmericanseatdietfrommanydifferentcountries.WhenpeoplemovetotheUnitedStates,theyalsobringtheirowncookingin.Asaresult,typicalAmericandietisrareexceptforThanksgivingturkey.MostAmericanseatdietsthataresimplyprocessedfromforeigndiets.Forexample,Hamburgsteak,asweallknow,wasoriginallyatypeoffriedbeefburgerinGermanburger.ItwasintroducedtotheUnitedStatesfromGermanyattheendofthe19thcentury.In1932,somepeoplefriedthisfriedbeefpieintobunswithsesameseedsonthesurfaceandserveasastapleorsnack."Peopletakedietastheirheaven"isauniversallyacceptedtruthoftheChinesepeople.Similarly,although"eating"isnotvaluedintheAmericanlifeasmuchastheChinese,itisalsoanormalthinglikeair.However,itisthetrivialthings"eating"and"drinking"thatcanreflectthedeepestandmostcorepartofaculture.FromthedifferentdietculturesinChinaandtheUnitedStates,suchasproductionmethods,eatingmethodsandtablemanners,wecanseethatthecorevaluesofthetwoculturesarequitedifferent.ItisjustthattheChinesedietcultureisextensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory.Therearedifferentcuisinesinvariousplaces,andtherearesomecommoncharacteristicsbetweeneachcuisine,whichtogetherconstitutetheChinesedietculture.Americahasahistoryofjustover200years.AlthoughimmigrantsfromallovertheworldhavebroughtaboutthediversityanddiversificationofAmericandietculture,theyhavenotformeduniquedietarycharacteristicswithAmericancharacteristics.TheUnitedStatesisameltingpotofpeopleoftheworld,andtheformationofAmericandietdishesalsocomesfromthe"meltingpot".TheimpactofBritishdietcultureonAmericandietintermsofproductionmethods,eatinghabits,andtablemannersisirreplaceableinothercountries.Therefore,theAmericandietculturediscussedinthisarticlewilltakeintoaccountthecharacteristicsoftheAmericandietinthecontextofWesterndiet,andwillalsocombinetheuniquenessofAmericanhistoryandculture.3.2Historicalreasons3.2.1HistoricalreasonsforsimilaritiesSinceancienttimes,Chineseandwesterndietcultureshavebeguntocommunicateandmerge.Thecontentoftheexchangesbetweenthetwosidesisatwo-wayflowandfluctuatingchanges.PriortotheMingDynasty,Chinawasdominatedbyoutputandsupplementedbyinput,butwesterncountriesweredominatedbyinputandoutputassupplement.BytheMingandQingdynasties,therehadbeenagreatchange,andtheexchangesbetweenthetwosideshadmorecontent,andthescaleandinfluencehadalsoexpandeddramatically.TheexportofChinesedietculturetotheWestchangedfromhightolow,mostlyconcentratedonthemateriallevel.TheoutputofwesterndietculturetoChinachangedfromlowtohighuntilitoccupiedadominantpositionincommunication.Materialaspectsareequallyimportant.Westerndietingredients,dietarycustoms,dietaryvarietiesandproductiontechniques,dietscienceandmachineryhaveallaffectedthedietarylifeofChinesepeople.Undertheinfluenceofthismanyaspectsofhistoryandculture,thetwosideshaveinevitablyformedcommoncharacteristics.3.2.2HistoricalreasonsfordifferencesChinaisanancientcivilizationwithalonghistoryandhasahistoryofseveralthousandyearsofculturaldevelopment.Asanimportantpartofit,diethasaprofoundmeaning.Fromeatingrawbirdsandanimalstocookingwithfire,totheflourishingperiodoftheTangandSongdynasties,ithasadeephistoricalheritageuntilitscurrentprosperity.Inthisprocess,theChinesecreatedavarietyofdisheswithstrongregionalcolorsandculturalcharacteristics,suchastheeightmostfamousChinesecuisines,eachwithitsownuniquelocalcharacteristics:LuCaifragrance,puretaste;Sichuancuisinespicy,hemp,heavyoil,andstrongflavor;Cantonesecuisinepaysattentiontofreshnessandsmoothness;Fujiancuisinepaysattentiontofreshtaste,beautifulcolor,andsoon.Inaddition,manyChinesedishesarefamous.Thecharactersallhaveuniquehistoricalbackgroundsandculturalcharacteristics,suchasthefamous"DongpoMeat",whichwasnamedafterSuDongpo,thegreatwriteroftheNorthernSongDynasty.Inaddition,thereare“Beggar’schicken"and"Crossingthebridgenoodles",whicharealsovividmanifestationsofChinesedietculturewithuniqueculturalheritage.IncontrasttoChina,theUnitedStatesisaveryshort-termimmigrantcountry.Ithasbeenmorethan200yearssinceindependencein1776.Thecompositionofitspeopleisalsoverycomplicated.FromtheearlyEuropeancolonizers,Indianindigenouspeople,tothelaterblackslaves,Asianlaborers,andLatinAmericanimmigrants,theyhaveeverythingandcanbedescribedasa"nationalmeltingpot".SuchhistoricalbackgroundandnationalenvironmentalsodeterminethecharacteristicsofAmericandietculture:itiscomplicated,diverseandlacksoriginality,andismostlyimported.IntheUnitedStates,youcanbasicallyfinddietfromanycountry,buttherearefewspecialAmericandiets.Today'sverypopularAmericanfastdietrestaurantssellmostlyimportedproducts:burgersfromGermany,pizzaandmacaronifromItaly,FrenchfriesarethefirstofitskindinFrance,andprobablyonlymadeintheUnitedStates,onlyCoca-Cola.LookingattheAmericanrecipes,IcanhardlyfindanyAmericandietinthetruesense,letalonethecuisineandfamousproducts.IV.AnalysisondietculturebetweenChinaandAmerica4.1CulturalintegrationondietbetweenChinaandAmericaAsearlyastheendoftheQingDynasty,AmericandietculturehadbeguntoentertheChinesemarket.Afterthereformandopeningup,ithasexperiencedunprecedenteddevelopmentandgrowth.TakeKFCforexample.In1987,thefirstKFCopenedinBeijing.By2004,thenumberofKFCrestaurantsinChinareached1,000.（Fengxueyang,2012）Thisdevelopmentspeedisveryamazing.Andothergourmetrestaurants,suchasMcDonald'sandPizzaHut,havealsodevelopedtremendouslyinChina,whichcanbedescribedthroughoutthecountry.ThespreadanddevelopmentofAmericandietculturehasinjectednewvitalityintoChinesedietculture.First,ithasenrichedtheChinesedietandimprovedtheChinesedietstructure.ItalsograduallybroketheoriginalcookingstyleofChinesedietandproducedChinese-styleWesterndiet.Second,ithasinfluencedthetraditionalChinesedietarystyle.The"divisionsystem"intheUnitedStateshasarousedChineseinterestinitsnovelandhygienicway.Breadandmilkforbreakfastisanutritiousandconvenientwayofeatingandisalsowelcomedbymostpeople.Third,ChinesetraditionalbanquethabitsarealsoaffectedbyWestern-stylecolddinnersandcocktailparties.Simplyput,AmericandietculturehasbecomepopularinChina,andithasbeenacceptedandwelcomedbythepublic.WhiletheAmericandietculturehas"invaded"China,ChinesedietcultureisalsospreadinganddevelopingtotheUnitedStates.BeginninginthelateQingDynasty,astheChinesecontinuedtopourintotheUnitedStates,theybroughtChinesedietculturewithorientalcharmtotheUnitedStates:therearemanywaystomakeChinesedishes,andtherearelong-establishedeatingpracticesandtableetiquette.Intoday'sUnitedStates,Chinesediet,likepopulardietsuchaspizzaandburgers,hasbecomeafrequentguestonAmericantables.SomerepresentativeChinesedishes,suchasfriednoodlesandchickengongbao,havebecometherepresentativeofChinesedietthatAmericansknowwell.4.2CulturaldevelopmentofChineseandAmericandiet4.2.1ImpactofCookingIngredientSelectionandApplicationWithregardtotheselectionofcookingmaterials,theselectionofChineseingredientsisveryextensive,includingeverything.Aslongastheyareedible,theycanbeturnedintodeliciousdishesinthehandsofChinesechefs.However,thechoiceofWesterndietingredie