基坑开挖支护方案设计毕业论文

毕业论文专用纸致谢本论文的完成离不开我的指导老师刘鹏教授以及他的悉心指导，从论文选题、方向的确立到论文的撰写、修改和定稿，都得到了刘老师的悉心指导和帮助，和刘老师接触的几年里，刘老师在生活学习各个方面都给了我们很大的帮助，他既是我们的良师又是我们的益友，和他在一块不仅学到了许多专业知识，而且学到了许多课本以外的东西和许多为人处事的方法，这些都将让我终身受益非浅。此外，一并感谢在我做论文当中给了我许多帮助的同学和长期以来一直关心和支持我的同学。大家的支持和鼓励将是我奋斗的动力。附录2外文资料的中文翻译基坑支护相关技术FoundationPitSupportingTechnology

1.invertedsiphonandcrossthewatertank:whenwaterneedacrosstheroadbed,limitedtothedesignelevationatthesametime,canuseapipeorgroove,fromthebottomofthesubgradeorupperoverheadcrossing,theformerinvertedsiphon,thelatterforcrossingthesink,equivalentofculvertandcrossthewaterbridgerespectively,bothbelongtothespecialstructureofsubgradesurfacedrainage,andmostlyneededforirrigationandwaterconservancyanduse.

2.evaporationpool:dryclimate,drainagedifficultlocation,availablealongtheborrowpitorspecificallysetthesurfacewaterevaporationpoolisruledout.3.undergrounddrainagefacilities

Perchedwaterinembankmentandslopesoil,buriedshallowdivingknownasgroundwater,groundwateraffecttheroadbedstrengthandslopestability,shouldbesetwelldrainage,sewerandinspectionfacilitiessuchasgroundwater.

Commonsubgradeundergrounddrainagefacilitiesare:blindditch,sewerandwaterseepagetunnelandpits,itscharacteristicislittledisplacement,mainlycollectedwaterseepageway,andcametotheexclusionofroadbedscope.Forlargerflowofgroundwater,shouldsetupspecialundergroundpipelineisruledout.

Buriedundertheground,duetotheundergrounddrainageequipmentisnoteasytorepair,afterthecompletionofsubgradeandhardtofindoutthefailuresituation,thereforerequirestrongeffectiveundergrounddrainageequipment.

4.drainage:relativetothegroundopenditchdrainage,drainageisalsocalledtheblindditch,hasthemeaningofconcealedwork.Duetoaditchfilledwithparticlesofdifferentsizematerials,useoffillermaterialpermeabilitywillconvergeinaditchofgroundwater,andalongtheditchdrainagetothedesignatedplace.

5.sewer:adoptingtheinfiltratorswillconvergeinaditchofgroundwater,andthroughthebottomchannelwhichterminatestotheirappointedplaces.Itsroleistoreduceorinterceptgroundwater,thehydrauliccharacteristicsisturbulent.

6.pits:thepitsofhorizontalundergrounddrainageequipment,underthelocalexistenceofmultilayeraquifer,whichaffecttheroadbedwiththinupperaquifer,displacement,andflushthesewerishardtodecorate,theverticaldrainage,setupthepits,throughtheimpermeablelayer,theroadbed,withinthescopeoftheuppergroundwaterisdeeperaquifers,inordertoreducegroundwateroralloftheupperexcluded.

7.overview

Subgradeslopesurfaceprotectionmainlysolvetheroadbedconstruction,bareroadbedstabilityofslopeandslopesurface.Easytoerosionofsoilslopesandeasilyweatheredrockcuttingslope,afterconstructionifexposedforalongtime,inthenaturalweatheringundertheactionofstressandrainerosion,gully,slipwillhappencollapsecollapseandfalling,peeling,suchasslopedeformation.Atthesametime,flakeorerosiondebrisoftenblockedsideditch,poordrainage,therefore,musttakethecorrespondingprotectivemeasuresasearlyaspossible,otherwisewillcauseseriousdiseases.designprinciples

1)easytoweatheringorvulnerabletotherainswashedoutofrockandsoilslopeandseverebrokenrockslope,shallbeprotectedinatimelymanner.

2)andsofthardrockcuttingslope,shouldbeusedaccordingtothestrataconditionsallprotectionorlocalprotection.inrainyareas,withsandsoilfillingembankment,theshoulderandsideslopesurfaceisvulnerabletowatererosionandslopeprotectionwillbeaccordingtothespecificsituation.

4)slopeprotectionstructureisgenerallynotconsideredslopeorartificialfilledsoilatthebottomofthelateralpressure,theprotectionofthestabilityoftheslopeshouldbeenough,butthewallcanbeusedtolimitthestabilityoftheslope.commonlyusedslopesurfaceprotectiontypes

A,plantprotection

Plantprotectionisakindofsimpleconstruction,lowcostandgoodeffectisslopeprotectionmeasures.Plantcancovertopsoil,preventtherainswashedout;Adjustsoilmoisture,preventcracks;Theconsolidationofsoil,preventtheslopesurfaceweatheringflake,atthesametimealsocanrisetoprotecttheenvironment,beautifytheroleofroadcapacity.Inordertoensuretheslopestabilityandextendthelifespanoftheplantprotection,generalappropriateincuttingslopefootset1~2mhighplasmabuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyslopeprotection.

Second,plaster(a)applicableconditions

(1).Withoutaseriousofeasyweatheringofrockslope,butpoorlybythecoalmeasuresstrataandthediagenesisofredstickyclayrockslopeisnotapplicable.

(2).Theslopeisnotrestricted,butshouldslopesurfaceisrelativelydry.

(3).Usefixednumberofyearisshorter,thegeneralis8~10years.9.constructionpointsforattention

(1).Thefrontshouldbetheslopesurfaceofweatheringrockflushwithcleanwithcleanwatertorinsetheslope;Applicationlargeconcaveslopepulpbuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyinlaying,widefissuregrouting.

(2).Usinglimeplasterslagpulp,afterthemortarwipeonabitdrynamelytoram,untilpulpoutsurface,thenwipeflatcoatedwithhardener.

(3).Theplasterisunfavorableinwinterseason,rainandsunshinestronglyduringconstruction,thesuitabletemperaturefor4°~30℃,andpayattentiontocovergrasswaterkeepingingoodhealth.Three,shotcreteandshotcrete(a)10.applicableconditions

(1).Easybutnotseriousweatheringofrockslope,theslopesurfaceisrelativelydry.

(2).Ofhighandsteepslope,thebrokenupperstrataandcompletethelowerstrataandneedlargeareaprotectionslope,slopeusingthistypeismoreeconomic.

(3).Thedifferenceofdiagenesisclayrockslopeisunfavorableuse.11.constructionpointsforattention

(1).Theshotcreteandshotcreteaggradationrubbleslopeshouldbeclearedbeforeandwashit.

(2).Mechanicalinjectionshouldbedonebeforeoperationtotryspraying,moderatetoadjustthewatercementratio,theinjectionofgraybodypaste,smoothsurface,theaggregatedistributionuniform,lessamountofspringback.

(3).Thesprayingoperationshouldbebottom-uphierarchical.Graybodyachieveinitialsetimmediatelyafterthewaterkeepingingoodhealth,last7~10days.Itisstrictlyprohibitedinfrozenseasonortherainsprayingoperations.Four,plasmabuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyrevetment(a)applicableconditions

（4）Variouseasyweatheringofrockslopeandsoilslopes.If,whenusedonembankmentslopeshouldbeheavyfactaftertheconstructionofembankment.

（5）Theslopeisnotgreaterthan1to1.

Plasmabuildbylayingbricksorstones,flakyslopeprotectiongenerallyUSESsuchascrosssection,dependingontheheightofslope,thethicknessofgeneralis0.3~0.4m.Whentheslopeprotectionareaislarger,andtheslopeissteep,inordertoenhancethestabilityofslopeprotection,canusethetypeofslopeprotection.

1:倒虹吸与渡水槽：当水流需要横跨路基，同时受到设计标高的限制，可以采用管道或沟槽，从路基底部或上部架空跨越，前者称倒虹吸，后者为渡水槽，分别相当于涵洞和渡水桥，两者属于路基地面排水的特殊结构物，并且多半是配合农田水利所需而采用。

2:蒸发池：气候干旱、排水困难地段，可利用沿线的集中取土坑或专门设置蒸发池排除地表水。3.地下排水设备

路基及边坡土体中的上层滞水，活埋藏很浅的潜水称为地下水，当地下水影响路基路面强度或边坡稳定时，应设置暗沟、渗沟和检查井等地下水设施。

常用的路基地下排水设备有：盲沟、渗沟、渗水隧洞和渗井等，其特点是排水量不大，主要是以渗流方式汇集水流，并就近排除路基范围以外。对于流量较大的地下水，应设置专用地下管道予以排除。

由于地下排水设备埋置地面以下，不易维修，在路基建成后又难以查明失效情况，因此要求地下排水设备牢固有效。

4：暗沟：相对于地面排水的明沟而言，暗沟又称盲沟，具有隐蔽工程的含义。由于沟内填以大小不同的颗粒材料，利用渗水材料透水性将地下水汇集于沟内，并沿沟排泄至指定地点。

5：渗沟：采用渗透方式将地下水汇集于沟内，并通过沟底通道将水排至指定地点。它的作用是降低地下水或拦截地下水，其水力特性是紊流。

6：渗井：渗井属于水平方向的地下排水设备，当地下存在多层含水层，其中影响路基的上部含水层较薄，排水量不大，且平式渗沟难以布置，采用立式排水，设置渗井，穿过不透水层，将路基范围内的上层地下水，引人更深的含水层中去，以降低上层的地下水或全部予以排除。

7：路基坡面防护

概述

路基坡面防护主要是解决路基修筑以后，裸露的路基边坡及坡面的稳定问题。易于冲蚀的土质边坡和易于风化的岩石路堑边坡，施工后如果长期裸露，在自然风化应力和雨水冲刷的作用下，将会发生冲沟、溜塌、剥落、掉块和坍塌等坡面变形。同时，剥落或冲蚀的碎屑物往往堵塞侧沟，使排水不畅，故必须及早采取相应的防护措施，否则将造成严重病害。10.2设计原则

（1）凡容易风化的或易受雨水冲刷的岩石和土质边坡及严重破碎的岩石边坡，均应及时加以防护。

（2）软硬岩层相间的路堑边坡，应根据岩层情况采用全部防护或局部防护。3）在多雨地区，用砂类土填筑的路堤，其路肩和边坡坡面易受雨水冲刷流失，应根据具体情况将坡面防护。

（4）坡面防护结构一般不考虑边坡底层或人工填土的侧压力，