新教材高中北师大版英语选择性必修1学案Unit1PartⅡLesson1Teachers

PartⅡLesson1Teachers【学习目标】话题语境人与社会课时词汇practical,rocket,pour,lack,presentation,behaviour,drag,access,worthwhile,educationalist常用短语addupto,forthefirsttime,pourinto,setoff,lackconfidencein,giveapresentationto,acoupleof,usedto,catchsb.doingsth.,setup,makesure,haveaccessto,breakinto,breakdown,runoutof重点句式(1)Thereisnoreasontodo...没有理由做……(2)名词性从句作宾语、表语(3)Ifonly引导虚拟语气从句(4)thefirsttime/day引导时间状语从句单词巧练写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________n.教育(学)家2．________________adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的3．________________n.进入；接触的机会4．________________vt.拖，拉5．________________n.行为，举止6．________________n.报告；陈述，说明7．________________vt.缺乏8．________________vt.灌，注，倒9．________________n.火箭10．________________adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．British________(教育家)aredividedabouthowbesttoteachreading.2．Weallfeltwehaddonesomething________(有益的)forthelocalmunity.3．Disabledvisitorsarewele;thereisgoodwheelchair________(进入，通道)tomostfacilities.4．We________(拖)thefallentreeclearoftheroad.5．Their________(行为)towardsmeshowsthattheydonotlikeme.6．IalwaysaskhowmuchtimeIhavetomakemyp________.7．Whatwel________inthishouseisspacetostorethings.8．AlthoughIp________itcarefully,Istillmanagedtospillsome.9．Chinasuccessfullylaunchedniner________atonetime.10．Therearesomeobviousp________applicationsoftheresearch.►第一版块：重点单词1.pourvt.倒；注；灌vi.(雨)倾盆而下；(水等)不断流出；(烟等)冒出；不断涌向/涌现(教材P8)Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelintotherocket,andthenanotherstudentlitamatchtosetitoff.我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进了火箭里，然后(让)另一名学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。pourinto/outof涌入/涌出pourout毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；(感情或话语)奔涌，迸发pouroilontheflames使情况变得更糟；火上加油pouroilontroubledwater(s)调解争端，平息风波等poursth.out尽情表达出来❶Pleasepourmeanothercupoftea.请再给我倒一杯茶。❷AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedonthestove.然后我把油倒进了平底锅里，打开了炉子。❸Peoplepouredintothesquarefromallpartsofthecity.人们从全市各处涌向广场。❹Shepouredouthertroublestomeoveracupofcoffee.她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。❺Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨则已，雨则倾盆(祸不单行)。❻TearsofhappinesspoureddownSusan'scheeks.幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流了下来。light短语eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bringsth.tolight使显露出来,etolight显露/暴露))inthelightof...根据，按照，考虑到……withalightheart心情愉快地lighton/upon注意到，看见，发现lightonone'sfeet/legs脱险lightout(for...)匆匆离开(奔向……)lightintosb.攻击/谩骂某人易混点拨：light作动词时，其过去分词有lit和lighted两种形式，但在用法上有区别。一般说来，过去分词作定语时用lighted，其他情况下用lit。如：Hehaslitamatch.他点燃了一根火柴。Thematchislit.火柴点燃了。Hewasholdingalightedmatch.他手里拿着一根点燃的火柴。[即学即练]完成句子/翻译句子①每年都有大量的游客涌入这座城市，这确实给当地人带来了不便。Everyyearalargenumberofvisitors________________thiscity,whichindeedcausesinconveniencetothelocalpeople.②这位老人被深深震撼，尽管高傲，他也不得不吐露出自己的感情。Theoldmanhadbeendeeplyshakenandwasforcedto________________hisfeelingsinspiteofpride.③Somechemicalfactoriespourwastewaterintoriversforconvenience,resultinginseriouswaterpollution.________________________________________________________________________④Ilostmywayindarknessand,tomakethingsworse,itbegantopour.________________________________________________________________________2.lackvt.缺乏；没有n．[U]缺乏；匮乏(教材P8)TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself.我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。alackof...缺乏……forlackof...由于缺乏……nolackof...不乏……lackingadj.缺乏的belackingin...缺乏……❶Alackoffoodmadepeoplesuffer.缺乏食物使人们痛苦不堪。❷Hewasfiredbythebossforlackofskills.他因为技能不足被老板解雇了。❸Thepaintingislackinginoriginality.这幅画缺乏创意。特别提醒：lack作动词时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语。Jackisanintelligentpupil,buthelacksmotivation(＝islackinginmotivation)．杰克是一个很聪明的学生，但缺乏积极性。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Though________(lack)experience,hewaswillingtoworkhard.②Forlack________money,theprojecthadtobestopped.③Anumberofareashavebeenseriouslyhitbythetyphoon.Nowpeopleintheaffectedareasarelacking________foodandfreshwater.他缺乏自信。④He________confidence.⑤He________________________confidence.3.presentationn．报告；陈述，说明(教材P8)Iwasinterestedinthestudyofthestarsandplanetsandheaskedmetogiveapresentationtotheclass.我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。(1)giveapresentationofsth.(tosb.)对某事(向某人)进行介绍apresentationceremony颁奖仪式payableonpresentation提交付款cashonpresentationofdocuments交单付现(2)presentsth.tosb.把某物送给某人presentsb.withsth.授予某人某物presentsb.tosb.else向某人介绍某人(3)givesb.apresent经某人一件礼物(4)atpresent现在；目前forthepresent眼前，暂时liveinthepresent活在当下bepresentat...出席……beabsentfrom...缺席presentoneself出席；到场❶Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.每次都让你的演讲比预期的稍微短一点。❷TheGrammyAwardsarepresentedeveryyearinthemusicindustry.音乐界每年都颁发格莱美奖。❸Attheendoftheprogramme,thestudentspresentedpapersontheirresearch.项目结束时，学生们提交了他们的研究论文。❹Themusictodaycan'tbepresentedthewayitwasin1908or1958.今天的音乐不能以1908年或1958年那样的方式呈现。❺Hepresentedamedaltothewinner.＝Hepresentedthewinnerwithamedal.他向获胜者颁发奖牌。❻I'vegotenoughmoneyforthepresent.我的钱暂时够用。❼Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstate.我们将会针对目前的情况进行一次报道。❽Allthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwerehissupporters.所有出席会议的人都是他的支持者。名师点津：presentvt.陈述；提出；赠予；颁予；提交；呈现；出示n.[C]礼物；礼品adj.现在的，目前的(仅用于名词前)；出席的，到场的(不用于名词前，作后置定语或表语)易混提醒：(1)present作动词用时，其重音在第二个音节；用作名词和形容词时，重音在第一个音节。(2)动词present有自己的名词形式presentation，意为报告、陈述、说明，在意思上与动词present有些不同。[即学即练]单句语法填空/翻译句子①Guestspeakerswillalsopresentprizes________thestudents.②David'smanagerpresentedhim________theawardforbestsalesintheregion.③Tomisbusy________present.Canheringyoulater?④Thesalesmanagerwillgivea________(present)onthenewproducts.⑤Idon'tthinkweshouldexpandourbusinessinthepresenteconomicclimate.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑥Theworkerspresentimmediatelyrequestedthathereconsiderhisdecision.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.behaviourn．行为；举止behavevi.表现；举止规矩有礼(教材P9)Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehaviour.我听说过一些关于他的不良行为的故事。behavewell表现得好behavebadly表现得差behaveoneself举止规矩有礼well­behavedadj.有礼貌的；行为端正的badly­behavedadj.没有礼貌的；举止表现不好的❶Hisbehaviourwas,inaword,shocking.总之，他的行为是令人震惊的。❷MrBlakewasagentleman.Heknewhowtobehave.布莱克先生是位绅士。他知道如何举止得体。❸Mycarhasbeenbehavingwellsinceitwasrepaired.我的汽车自修理后一直运行良好。❹Thekidsatthisschoolaredisciplined,hard­workingandwell­behaved.这所学校的孩子们遵守纪律、学习勤奋、彬彬有礼。知识拓展：goodbehaviour良好的表现loyalbehaviourtowardssb.对待某人的忠实态度beonone'sbestbehaviour努力表现自己behavewithgreatcourage表现得非常勇敢learnhowtobehave学着规矩点[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句写作①Hehasbeenbehaving________(strange)recently.②Howisyournewcar________(behave)?③Smokinginpublicisbad________(behave)．④这些表现不好的孩子们真的很令我头疼。________________________________________________________________________5.accessn．(使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道；入口vt.接近，进入；获取，访问(计算机文件)(教材P9)Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhaveaccesstochildren'smindswhentheyareopenandeagertolearn.做教师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。(1)accessawebsitethroughthislink通过这连接访问某个网站accessthebuildingthroughthedoor通过此门进入这座大楼(2)haveaccessto有机会/权力进入/使用/见到……gain/getaccessto进入(某地)；见到(某人或某物)theonlyaccesstothefarmhouse进入农舍的唯一通道provide/giveaccesstosb./sth.接见某人；向……开放；给予……权利(3)accessibleadj.易接近的；容易理解的；易相处的beaccessibletosb.某人可接触……❶Thefacilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelchairusers.这些设施已经被改造过以方便轮椅使用者使用。❷TheynowhaveaccesstothemassmarketsofJapan.他们现在有机会进入日本的大众市场。❸Youneedapasswordtogetaccesstotheputersystem.使用这个计算机系统需要密码。❹You'veillegallyaccessedandmisusedconfidentialsecurityfiles.你已经非法获取并盗用了机密的安全文件。❺Somebankschargeifyouaccessyouraccounttodetermineyourbalance.有些银行会在你查询账户余额时收费。❻Thecertificatesofthetechnicalschoolsgive(us)accesstotheentranceexaminationattherelevantfacultiesandcolleges.技术学校的文凭提供了参加相关院系和大学入学考试的权利。❼Thesedocumentsarenotaccessibletothepublic.公众无法看到这些文件。联想拓展：accessibleadj.易接近的；容易理解；易相处的beaccessibletosb.某人可接触……Thesedocumentsarenotaccessibletothepublic.公众无法看到这些文件。知识归纳：后跟介词to的名词theanswerto...thekeyto...thewayto...theattitudeto...theobjectionto...theabilityto...theaccessto...theapproachto...theguideto...thereferenceto...[即学即练]单句语法填空/翻译句子①Therearesomeliterarybooksthatare________(access)toageneralaudience.②Theonlyaccess________thefarmhouseisacrossthefields.③Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.________________________________________________________________________④Theloftcanbeaccessiblebyaladder.________________________________________________________________________6.worthwhileadj.值得做的；重要的；有益的(教材P9)IfwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahamintosuchasuccessfuladult,thenIknowwhatI'mdoingisworthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的是值得的。(1)itisworthwhile(forsb.)todo...(对某人来说)做……是值得的itisworthwhiledoingsth.做……是值得的(2)sth.is(well)worthdoing某事值得一做sth.isworth100dollars某物有100美元的价值sth.is(well)worththemoney/theeffort/atry某事值得花钱/努力/一试beworthit值得一干；值得花时间/精力(3)sth.isworthyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(of＋n.＝beworth＋n.值得……,ofbeingdone……值得被做,tobedone值得被做))❶Itwasinaidofaworthwhilecause.这是为高尚的事业尽一份力。❷Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime？想探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有价值的事情吗？(worthwhile作后置定语)❸Ithoughtitwasworthwhiletoclarifythematter.我认为有必要澄清事实。❹Itwasn'tworthwhilecontinuingwiththeproject.这个项目不值得再继续了。❺Themoneyweraisewillbegoingtoaveryworthycause.我们筹集的钱款将用于一项非常崇高的事业。❻Anumberofthereport'sfindingsareworthyofnote.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。❼Thissuggestionisworthyofconsideration.＝Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.＝Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.这个建议值得考虑。❽Theteamneedsadriverofhisworth.这支队伍需要一位他这样技术水平的司机。❾Thesebooksmightbeworth￡80ormoretoacollector.这些书对收藏家而言可能值八十英镑或更多。⑩He'sdecidedtogetalookatthehouseandseeifitisworthbuying.他决定去瞧瞧那栋房子，看是否值得买。特别提醒：worthyadj.①有价值的；值得重视的；了不起的；②值得的；③配得上的；应受……的作定语时，主要用于修饰人、事业或生活等抽象名词；作表语时，后面常接动词不定式的被动语态，或接介词of，再加名词或动名词的被动语态。如：(1)aworthygentleman受人敬仰的绅士aworthyrival值得较量一番的对手(2)worthytobepraised值得表扬(3)awinnerworthyofbeingcalledachampion配称冠军称号的胜利者acrimeworthyofdeath应处死刑的罪行名师点拨：worth只能作表语，后接名词或动词的主动形式worthy可作表语，也可作定语后接todosth.或ofsth.worthyof后面接被动式的动名词，而worth后接主动式的动名词，虽然形式上是主动的，但意义仍然是被动的[即学即练]单句语法填空/用worth,worthy或worthwhile填空/一句多译①Theyoungmanisworthy________(teach)．②Theprofessorisworthy________ourrespect.③Idon'tthinkthenecklacemadeofdiamondisworthyof________(buy)．④Itisworthwhile________(visit)themuseum.⑤Themuseumisworth________(visit)．⑥Thesecond­handcaris________nomorethan5,000yuan.⑦Soonyouwillfindhelpingothersis________.⑧Thebookis________ofbeingread.⑨Thebookiswell________reading.⑩Itis________toincludereallyhigh­qualityillustrations.这部电影值得一看。⑪Thefilmisworth________.⑫Thefilmisworthy________________.⑬Itisworthwhile________________thefilm.⑭Itisworthwhile________________thefilm.►第二版块：重点短语1.addupto合计达；总计达(不用于被动语态)(1)add...to...把……加到/加进……里addto增加；扩大addthat...补充说……addup合乎情理；把……加起来(2)inaddition(tosb./sth.)除……以外(还)；另外(3)additionaladj.额外的，附加的典型例句：(1)Hisingaddedtoourdifficulties.他的到来增加了我们的困境。(2)Don'taddinsulttoinjury.不要辱上加辱。(3)Theschoolhasbeenaddedtoseveraltimes.这所学校已扩建过几次了。(4)Pleaseaddsomefirewoodtothefire.请给这火添点柴。(5)Canyouaddthesefiguresupandletusseetheresult？你能把这些数字加起来看看结果是多少吗？[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Workingoutinthemorningprovides________(add)benefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.②Ourcaféoffersapletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,________________(除……以外还)seasonalspecials.③PolicesaidtheyarrestedOliviabecauseherstatementsdidnot________________(合乎情理)．④________________(把……加起来)alltheexpensesandyou'llfindthatyoucannotaffordthetrip.⑤众所周知，好朋友会给生活添加快乐，使生活更有意义。Asisknowntoall,goodfriends________________________life.2.setoff出发，动身；使爆炸/引爆；(事业等)腾飞setaboutsth./doingsth.[不用于被动语态]开始做；着手做setsth.aside将某事物放在一边；(为某目的)省出或留出(钱或时间)setsth.down记下；写下setout出发setto起劲地干起来setsth.up创建，开办；安排，策划A—A—A类不规则动词put—put—put—puttingbet—bet—bet—bettingset—set—set—settinglet—let—let—lettinghit—hit—hit—hittinghurt—hurt—hurt—hurtingread—read—read—readingrid—rid—rid—riddingshut—shut—shut—shuttingsplit—split—split—splittingthrust—thrust—thrust—thrustingupset—upset—upset—upsetting[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasonlyfoundbecauseheset________somefireworkstoattractattentiontohimself.②Weneedtoset________ameetingtodiscusstheproposals.③Heissetting________hismemoriesofvillagelife.④Removethemushroomsandsetthem________.⑤Sheset________withtheaimofbeingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.⑥Ithassetus________insomanyrespectsthatI'mnotsurehowlongitwilltakeforustocatchup.⑦Weset________preparingforthepartyoneweekago.3.usedto过去经常，曾经(后接动词原形)(1)否定形式eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(usednot/usedn'tto＋动词原形,didnot/didn'tuseto＋动词原形))(2)疑问形式eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(used＋主语＋to＋动词原形,did＋主语＋useto＋动词原形))(3)Thereusedtobe...过去曾经有……；过去曾存在……易混辨析：beusedtodosth.被用来做……get/beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事(现在不这样了)例如：(1)Heusedtogetupat6：00inthemorningbutnowhehasgotusedtogettingupat5：00.他过去常常是早晨六点起床但现在他习惯早上五点起床了。(2)Theserecycledwastepapersandbookscanbeusedtomakenewpaper.这些回收来的废试卷和书可以被用来制作新纸张。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Lifehereismucheasierthanitusedto________(be)．②Somee­wastewasrecycledandused________(produce)somethinguseful.③Ididn'tthinkIcouldevergetusedto________(live)inabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.►第三版块：典型句式1.ifonly...但愿；要是……就好了(1)Ifonly...＝HowIwish...(2)ifonly...是一个独立的句子，要用虚拟语气，用来表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。ifonly引导的句子的谓语如下：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示过去的情况，谓语动词用haddone,表示现在的情况，谓语用didbe动词用were,表示将来的情况，谓语动词用could/would/mightdo不用should))易混比较：onlyif与ifonly(1)onlyif是以only限制if，意为onlyonconditionthat(只有在……条件下)，它引入一个“非此不可”的条件，表示“只有这个条件才行”，一般译为“只有，除非”。onlyif位于句首时，主句部分一般应倒装。如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.只有得到老师准许，学生才可进入教室。(2)ifonly后接假设语气的动词，表示惋惜、愿望等情感色彩，用虚拟语气。Ifonlyhewerealive！他要是活着多好呀！Ifonlyyouhade5minutesearlier！你要是早来五分钟就好了。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①—Ididn'tseeyouattheconcertlastweek.Whatapity!—IfonlyI____________(afford)thetime.②Ifonlyeveryonehere________(be)honest.③Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,we________________(find)thestation.④Ihadnoinformationaboutmyson.________________(要是我没有说……该多好)thosetoughwordstohim.2．Iwish＋宾语从句(1)“wish＋宾语从句”意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。(2)wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：主句主语＋wish＋从句主语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(did/were表示与现在事实相反的愿望,haddone/been表示与过去事实相反的愿望,would/coulddo/be表示与将来事实相反的愿望))易混提示：hope和wish都表示“希望”之意，但用法和搭配各异。(1)表示希望做某事用hopetodosth.或wishtodosth.(2)表示希望某人做某事，可说wishsb.todosth.或hopethatsb.willdosth.或wishthatsb.woulddosth.不可以说hopesb.todosth.[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Iwishhe________(go)withustothetheatrenextThursday.②Shewishedshe________(be)athomethen.③IwishI________(live)ontheseashore.④我要是记得她的地址就好了。Iwish________________________.⑤我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。HowIwish________________________，butIwastoobusy.⑥我真希望他马上来。Iwish________________________atonce.3.“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构(教材P8)ButMrJenkinsmadeeverythinginteresting.但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构在此结构中可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词等。(1)makesb.dosth.使某人做某事(2)makesb./sth.＋形容词使某人/某事处于某种状态(3)makesb./sth.＋名词使某人/某物成为……；让某人/某物担当某职务(4)makesb./sth.＋过去分词使某人/某物被……(宾语和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系)❶AuntWangtriedtomakeusstayforsupper.王阿姨试图留我们吃晚饭。❷Thenewsmadehimveryhappy.这消息使他非常高兴。❸WemadehimchairmanofourEnglishSpeakingSociety.我们选他当我们英语会话社的主席。❹Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfunderstood.他提高嗓门，以便大家能听懂他的话。特别提醒：在makesb.dosth.的被动结构中，省略的不定式符号to要恢复，即sb.bemadetodosth.。Theyweremadetositandwaitfortwohours.他们被迫坐着等了两个小时。Childrenshouldbemadetounderstandtheimportanceoftablemanners.应该让孩子们明白餐桌礼仪的重要性。[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①她让他做她的秘书。She________________________.②我的老师认为我优秀，学习好，这使我更自信了。MyteacherthinksIamexcellentandIcandowellinmystudy,which______________________________________.③他的话让我们都大笑起来。Whathesaid____________________________.④Thebossmadehisworkers________(work)frommorningtillnight.⑤CanImakemyself________(hear)insuchavoice?⑥Shemadeabalanceddiettomakethefamily________(health)．⑦Theboywasmade________(do)housework.4.介词后的宾语从句(教材P8)OftenwhenI'mpreparingaprogramme,IthinkabouthowMrJenkinswouldhavedoneit.在准备项目时，我常会想如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语成分，它可以在介词后充当宾语。❶Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience.一切(都)取决于我们是否有足够的经验。❷Shealwaysthinkofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样把工作做好。特别提醒：that引导的宾语从句，除了几个表示“除……之外”的介词，如except,but,besides之外，不可直接作介词的宾语，但可跟在形式宾语it之后，作介词的实际宾语。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesnextdoor.除了他住在隔壁，我对他一无所知。I'mcountingonitthatyouwille.我正指望着你会来。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hisspeechissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeout________heistryingtoexpress.②Thisstillleavesthequestionof________localpublicservicesshouldbeimprovedinthenextfiveyears.③The5Gcellphonemustbeofgreatuseandconvenienceto________wantstogetinformationthroughtheInternetquickly.④Ishallseetoit________heistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.⑤Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.5.time后接定语从句的用法(教材P8)ThatwasreallythefirsttimeItriedtoexplainsciencetoanaudienceandnowit'smyjob！那真的是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识，现在这成了我的工作！当time表示“次数”时，用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当time表示“一段时间”时，用关系副词when或at/duringwhich引导定语从句。❶Thisisthesecondtimethattheniceyoungmaninvitedmeoutfordinner!这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃晚餐！❷Therewasatimewhenbuildingsinthiscitywerealmostofthesameheight.曾经有段时间，这座城市的建筑物几乎都是一样高的。[特别注意]thefirsttime常用于句型itis/wasthefirsttimethatsb.has/haddonesth.，意为“那是某人第一次做某事”。如果主句谓语动词为is，从句用现在完成时；主句谓语动词为was，从句则用过去完成时。❸Itisfirsttimesince1976thatanasteroidhasesoclosetoEarth.这是自1976年以来第一次有小行星如此近距离地接近地球。❹Itwasthefirsttimethattheyhadchattedwiththeirparentslikefriends.那是他们第一次和父母像朋友一样聊天。易混辨析：(1)thefirsttime意为“第一次”，在句中起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。Thefirsttimemyfaultswerepointedout,Ifeltashamed.第一次被指出过失的时候，我感到很羞愧。(2)forthefirsttime意为“初次”，是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。Hewasinvitedtogiveanimportanttalkinpublicforthefirsttime.他第一次受邀在公众场合作一个重要报告。[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句改错①Istillrememberthefirsttime________wemetinschool.②Hethoughtofthehappytime________helivedwithhisparentsinthatmountainvillage.③ItisthefirsttimethatI________(speak)toaforeigner.④ItwasthefirsttimethatI________(see)theprofessorhimself.⑤ThefirsttimewhenImether,shewasworkinginabookshop.________________⑥Housepricesarerisingthefirsttimethisyear.________________6.“使役动词/感官动词＋宾语＋现在分词”复合结构(教材P9)OnceIcaughthimandhisfriendsseeingwhocouldjumpthefarthestofftheschoolstage！有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。现在分词作宾语补足语，对宾语起到补充说明的作用，通常强调动作是主动发生或正在进行的。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下两种：(1)使役动词：catch,have,set,keep,get,leave＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.。(2)表示感官、感觉或心理状态的动词：see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,smell＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.。❶It'snotdifficulttogethimtalking—theproblemishowtostophim.让他开口讲话并不难，问题是如何阻止他。❷Neverleavechildrenplayingnearwaterbythemselves.不要让孩子们独自在水边玩耍。❸Inoticedaboyslidingintotheteachers'office.我注意到一个男孩偷偷溜进了教师办公室。❹WhenIpassedbyClass2,IsawKatestandinginthefrontoftheclassroom.当我经过二班的时候，我看见凯特站在教室前面。特别提醒：①感官动词也可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常强调动作的完整/完成或经常发生的事。Isawanoldmanfallonthegroundinfrontoftheschoolgate.我看见一位老人倒在了校门口的地上。②使役动词let,make,have可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。Neverletthebabystayaloneathome.永远不要让婴儿一个人待在家里。③有些动词如have,get,keep,make等还可以接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。Hespokeslowlytomakehimselfunderstood.他慢慢地说话，来让人明白他的意思。[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句改错①Whathesaidsetme________(think)．②Don'thavethemachine________(work)allnight;itmaygowrong.③WhenIwatchedthecouple________(quarrel),Igotatextmessagefromtheirdaughter.④Iwillgetmycar________(repair)thisSunday.⑤Thelostgirlwaslastseen________(play)nearthewoods.⑥Suddenly,weheardsomeone________(knock)atthedoor.⑦Iamsorrytohavekeptyou________(wait)forsolong.⑧Icaughtaboy________(cheat)intheEnglishexamyesterday.⑨Thebossmadehisworkerstoworkforlonghourseveryday.________________⑩Ioftenhearmyneighboursinginghappilyinthemorning.________________7.部分否定(教材P9)However,IhavenotdoneaswellwithallmystudentsasIhavewithGraham.不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。某些表示全部含义的代词、副词以及某些表示全部含义的形容词所修饰的名词词组与not连用时表示部分否定，代词如all,both；形容词如whole,every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词；副词如altogether,always,entirely,wholly,quite等。❶Notallthepeoplepresentatthemeetingagreewithyou.不是所有出席会议的人都支持你。❷Allmenherearenothonest.这儿的人并非都诚实。❸Bothofthesistersarenothere./Notbothofthesistersarehere.并非两姐妹都在这里。特别提醒：全部否定要用none,nobody,nothing等。both的全部否定用neither;everyone的全部否定用nobody或noone。Noneofthemknow/knowstheway.他们都不知道路。Neithersentenceisright.两个句子都不对。Nobodyknowswherehehasgone.没有人知道他去哪儿了。[即学即练]同义句转换/一句多译①Notalltheantsgooutforfood.→Alltheants________forfood.②Noteverybookiseducative.→Everybookis________.不是所有的学生都支持这个规章制度。③________________________________________________________________________④________________________________________________________________________他的两个姐姐并非都同意他的提议。⑤________________________________________________________________________⑥________________________________________________________________________8.Itis/was＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.(教材P9)Ithinkit'simportanttounderstandthatthere'snosuchthingasagoodorabadstudent.我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。该句型是It作形式主语的一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是for引出的，句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的此类形容词有important,necessary,mon,normal,natural,hard,difficult,easy,safe,dangerous,impossible,pleasant等。如果不定式的逻辑主语是of引出的，常用的形容词多为形容逻辑主语品质、特性的词，如clever,wise,bright,silly,foolish,stupid,kind,cruel,right,wrong等。❶Itisimpossibleforustofinishtheworkontime.我们不可能按时完成这项工作。❷Itisimportantforhertoetotheparty.来参加这个聚会对她来说很重要。❸Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。名师提醒：在Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.或Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.句型中，都是复合不定式作真正主语的句子，此句型中“forsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.”都是“介词＋不定式的逻辑主语＋不定式”结构，这种结构就是不定式复合结构[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisimpossible________(concentrate)ifyouaretenseornervous.②________isnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.③Itishighlynecessary________ourgovernmenttostoptheofficialcorruption.④Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?⑤Itiskind________youtosayso.9.what引导的主语从句(教材P9)IfwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahamintosuchasuccessfuladult,thenIknowwhatI'mdoingisworthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的事情是值得的。eq\x(在what引导的主语从句中，what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，从句用陈述语序。)❶Whatshesawfrightenedher.她看到的东西吓了她一跳。(what在从句中作宾语)❷Itisonlywiththeheartthatonecanseerightly;whatisessentialisinvisibletotheeyes.一个人只有用心去看，才能看清事实真相。事情的本质只用眼睛是看不到的。(what在从句中作主语)❸Whatstruckmewasthattheyhadallsufferedalot.让我震惊的是他们都受过很多苦。(what在从句中作主语)名师点津：翻译时可先翻译从句中what后面的成分，再翻译what，将what译为“……的事情、东西、样子等”。名师点拨：what在从句中作主语时，主句谓语由what从句谓语决定what在从句中作宾语，主句谓语由主句表语(宾语)决定[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句改错①________causedtheaccidentisstillapletemystery.②________hascausedgreatconfusionishowhemadeitwithoutanyoneelse'shelp.③________weusedtoseeassomethingimpossibleisnowbeingareality.④________makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.⑤Thathedidknowwasthathewasverythankfulfortheopportunitygiventohim.________________⑥Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.________________⑦Second,IlistencarefullyinclassanddoexercisesimmediatelyafterclasssothatwhichIlearncanbedeeplyunderstood.________________⑧Itisnotwhatyousayitbuthowyousayitthatmatters.________________[词语积累]①angle/'æŋɡl/n.[C]角；角度a45°angle45°角②triangle/'traɪæŋɡl/n．[C]三角形③addupto总共是，总计为④forthefirsttime首次，第一次。其在句中作状语。I'llneverforgethearingthispieceofmusicforthefirsttime.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。[拓展]thefirsttime用作连词，引导从句。IknewwewouldbegoodfriendsthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到她，就知道我们会成为好朋友。⑤hydrogen/'haɪdrədʒən/n.[U]氢⑥usedtodosth.过去常常做某事[辨析]beusedtodosth.被用来做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事⑦rocket/'rɒkɪt/n.[C]火箭；火箭(弹)⑧o...把……倒进……pour/pɔː(r)/vt.倾倒，倒出⑨lightamatch点燃火柴⑩setoff使(炸弹等)爆炸⑪awillingstudent一个主动学习的学生⑫slowadj.迟钝的，笨的，理解力差的⑬lackconfidenceinoneself对自己缺乏信心lackvt.缺乏，没有⑭strength在此意为“长处，优势”，是可数名词，反义词是weakness(缺点，弱点)。⑮giveapresentation作介绍MyTeacherIhaven'tseenMrJenkinssinceIleftschool,butIoftenthinkabouthim【1】.Iwasn'tverygoodatmostschoolsubjectsbeforeImetMrJenkins.IsupposeIwasabitlazy,especiallyinmaths.TheonlythingIcanrememberfromschoolmathsisthattheangles①ofatriangle②addupto③180degrees【2】！ButwhenIwas15andwentintoMrJenkins'class,Ireallybecameinterestedinasubjectforthefirsttime④.【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中包含一个since引导的时间状语从句。since引导时间状语从句时，其对应的主句常用现在完成时。【2】本句为主从复合句，其中Icanrememberfromschoolmaths为省略了关系代词that的定语从句(先行词被theonly修饰，关系代词宜用that)；thattheangles...degrees为that引导的表语从句。BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme,sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome.Ihadnoideawhathydrogen⑤was【3】，andIdidn'treallywanttoknow,either!Ifounditallsoboringanddifficult.ButMrJenkinsmadeeverythinginteresting.Heusedto⑥explainthingswhichseemeddifficultwithlotsofpracticalexamplesandinsimplelanguage.Oneday,hetookusoutside,andwebuiltarocket⑦!Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelinto⑧therocket,andthenanotherstudentlitamatch⑨tosetitoff⑩.Itwasgreatfun.【3】what在此引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。IknowthatIwasn'tawillingstudent⑪，butIwasn'tslow⑫tolearnnewthings.TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidencein⑬myself.MrJenkinsmademefeelthatIhadmyownstrengths⑭.Iwasinterestedinthestudyofthestarsandplanetsandheaskedmetogiveapresentation⑮totheclass.ThatwasreallythefirsttimeItriedtoexplainsciencetoanaudience【4】andnowit'smyjob!Oftenwhen