四川省眉山市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

眉山市高中2025届第三学期期末教学质量检测英语试题卷2024.01满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡上。并检查条形码粘贴是否正确。2.1-55小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写在答题卡对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡收回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhattimedoesthenexttrainleaveforHangzhou?A.At10:55a.m.B.At11:00a.m.C.At11:05a.m.2.HowmuchdidRichardpayforhisties?A.$80.B.$85.C.$90.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthephone.B.Inthediningroom.C.Atarestaurant.4.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandemployee.5.Howdoesthemanhelpthewoman?A.Byshowingherthewayonamap.B.ByleadinghertoNorthStreet.C.Bytellinghertheroadsigns.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.Whendidthemanstartvisitingwebsites?A.Inprimaryschool.B.Inhighschool.C.Incollege.7.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Searchingawebsite.B.Doingasurvey.C.Askingforadvice.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewoman?A.Asinger.B.Anactress.C.Astudent.9.Whydoesthewomanfeelunhappy?A.Herparentsdisagreewithheridea.B.Shehasaquarrelwithherclassmates.C.Shedoesn’twanttoperformbeforetheaudience.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hisauntisateacher.B.Hehasatalentforsinging.C.Heisastrong-mindedperson.听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。11.Whereisthemannow?A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.AtDr.Anderson’s.12.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Hisearsareringing.B.He’sinseriouspain.C.Somethingisstuckinhisear.13.Towhomisthemanprobablyspeaking?A.Anurse.B.Adoctor.C.Amanager.听下面一段对话，回答第14至16题。14.Whatdoweknowaboutthedinner?A.Itisaformaldinner.B.Itisthewoman’streat.C.ItisservedinaBritishrestaurant.15.WhatisShandongcuisinelike?A.Abitlight.B.Veryspicy.C.Strong-flavored.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefood?A.Itcouldn’tbebetter.B.Itmakeshimfullquickly.C.Itisasgoodasotherfoodhehaseaten.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。17.Whydomostrecyclingprogramsfail?A.Allthetrashcansareofthesamecolor.B.Notenoughpeoplevolunteertocollecttrash.C.Mostpeopleareunwillingtosorttheirtrash.18.Whichcolortrashcansshouldpeopleputglassinto?A.Pink.B.Green.C.White.19.Whatisthevolunteer’sjob?A.Topickupandsortthetrash.B.Topickupanddeliverthetrash.C.Toworkintherecyclingcenters.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toexplainwhyrecyclingisimportant.B.Tocallattentiontotherecyclingprogram.C.Toencouragethelistenerstojointherecyclingprogram.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMao’ermountainisabundantinrareanimalsandplants.Inhabitedby2,484speciesofplantsand345speciesofvertebrates(脊椎动物),thisplacecanserveasanaturalgenebank.Andsurprisingly,ararealpinewetlandfeaturingevergreenbroad-leavedtreeshasfoundawayofsurvivinginthedwarfforestatahighaltitude.The“MillenniumKiss”WonderIt’samiraclethattwotreeshaveexistedtogetherandgrownforaroundathousandyears.It’sevenmorebreathtakingtoseethetwotreesgraduallygettingclosetoeachotherandhavingalittle“kiss”.WhatalovelysightitisinthenaturalbeautyofMao’ermountain!Twowaystogetthere1.TakeatrainandgetoffatXing’anBeistation,andtaketheshuttlebusthatgoesdirectlytotheMao’ermountain.2.TaketheGuilin-Xing’anbusfromGuilinbusstationgetoffatBaizhupustation,andtaketheshuttlefromBaizhuputoGaozhai,whichisatthefootoftheMao’ermountain.TravelTipsEntranceticket:160yuanOpeninghours:8:00amto5:00pmRecommendeddurationofvisit:2—4hoursLocation:northwestofXing’ancounty,GuilinOthersuggestions:IfyoudecidetogotoMao’ermountain,carrysomethickclothes,forthetemperaturedifferencefromthefootofthemountaintothepeakishugeanditishumidinthemountain.Ifyouareaforeigner,youneedapprovalfromthereserveadministrationbeforeenteringthearea,sinceitissituatedwithinthenationalreserve,whichforeignersarenotallowedtoenterwithouttheauthorities’permission.1.WhatcantouristsseeonMao’ermountain?A.2,484speciesofrareanimals. B.Twoold“kissing”trees.C.345speciesoflocalplants. D.Awetlandatalowaltitude.2.HowcantouristsgettoMao’ermountain?A.BytakingtheGuilin-Gaozhaibus.B.BytakingatraindirectlytoGaozhai.C.BygettingontheshuttlebusinBaizhupu.D.BygettingonatrainatXing’anBeistation.3.Whatdoesaforeigntouristneedtoenterthearea?A.Aticketwithadditionalfee. B.Aformalapplicationletter.C.Approvalfromtheauthorities. D.Permissionfromlocalvillagers.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了游览桂林猫儿山时可以参观的景点、前往的路线以及一些旅行建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The“MillenniumKiss”Wonder中“It’samiraclethattwotreeshaveexistedtogetherandgrownforaroundathousandyears.It’sevenmorebreathtakingtoseethetwotreesgraduallygettingclosetoeachotherandhavingalittle“kiss”.(两棵树共存并生长了大约一千年，这真是个奇迹。更令人叹为观止的是，这两棵树逐渐靠近，并有一个小小的“亲吻”)”可知，在猫儿山游客可以看到两棵古老的“亲吻”树。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Twowaystogetthere中第二点“TaketheGuilin-Xing’anbusfromGuilinbusstation,getoffatBaizhupustation,andtaketheshuttlefromBaizhuputoGaozhai,whichisatthefootoftheMao’ermountain.(从桂林汽车站乘坐桂林—兴安公交车，在白竹铺站下车，从白竹铺乘坐班车到猫儿山脚下的高寨)”可知，游客在白竹铺乘坐班车可以到达猫儿山。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifyouareaforeigner,youneedapprovalfromthereserveadministrationbeforeenteringthearea,sinceitissituatedwithinthenationalreserve,whichforeignersarenotallowedtoenterwithouttheauthorities’permission.(如果您是外国人，您需要得到保护区管理部门的批准才能进入该地区，因为它位于国家保护区内，未经当局许可，外国人不得进入)”可知，外国游客进入该地区需要得到有关当局的批准。故选C项。BUnabletoholdbackmycuriosityanylonger,Iopenedthebeautifullywrappedpresent.Itwasashiny,newlaptop.IhadscoredstraightA’sformyexaminationandthiswasmyreward.Ihadalwaysenvied(嫉妒)myfriendswhowerealwaysexchangingnewsabout“chatrooms”or“e-mailing”,whichIknewnothingabout.NowIwasgoingtofindout.Itstartedoutsimplyenough.IwassearchingforsomeinformationonlinewhenIcameacrossasocialnetworkingsite.SoonIbecameattachedtomynew-foundelectronicfriend.IbegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYouTubeandbecamecontrolledbyFacebookandTwitter.WheneverIwasnotaccessingthesesocialnetworkingsites,Iwouldbegoingthroughgossip(八卦)orfashionwebsites.Astimepassed,Iwouldlockmyselfinmyroomduringweekends,refusingtocomeoutandtakepartinfamilydiscussions.Ipreferredtostayconnectedtothe“friends”onlinewhomIhadnevermet.SoonIwasspendingtheearlyhoursofthemorningsurfingtheInternet.Sleepbecamebrokennapsandmygradesatschoolalsobeganworsening.Itwasaboutthistimethatmyparentsstartedvoicingtheirdisapproval.IwasaskedtoreducemyusageoftheInternet.Yet,howeverhardItried,Iwasunabletopullmyselfaway.Iwasthirstyforjustanotherclick,orjustanotherlookatmessageboard.Thenoneday,myfathertookawaymylaptop.Icried,shoutedandevenbeggedbutinvain.Dadhadmadeuphismind.Overtime,IrealizedthatDadandMumhadalwayswantedthebestforme.ThatwaswhenIdecidedtotakethebigstep—toquitmyinternetaddiction.QuittingwasharderthanIexpected.Butwithstrongdetermination,IknewthatIwouldbeabletodoit.IpromisedmyparentsthatIwouldturnoveranewleaf.4.Whydidtheauthor’sparentsbuyheralaptop?A.Torewardherforherexcellentgrades. B.Tolethermakemorefriendseasily.C.Tomeethercuriosityaboutchatrooms. D.Tohelphersetupasocialnetworkingsite.5.WhathappenedtotheauthoraftershegotaddictedtotheInternet?A.Shewentoutwithnewfriendsalot. B.Shesufferedfromsleeplessness.C.Shegotanxiousandlosthertemper. D.Sheignoredthepeopleandthingsaroundher.6.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoquitherinternetaddiction?A.Herfather’sdemand. B.HerboredomwiththeInternet.C.Herworseningschoolgrades. D.Herparents’loveandexpectations.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sstory?A.It’snevertoolatetomend. B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.C.Behindbadluckcomesgoodluck. D.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为成绩优异得到了一台笔记本作为奖励，结果作者却沉迷于网络，忽略了周围的人和事。最后父亲拿走了作者的笔记本，作者也决心戒网瘾。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itwasashiny,newlaptop.IhadscoredstraightA’sformyexaminationandthiswasmyreward.(那是一台崭新的闪亮笔记本电脑。我的考试成绩全是A，这就是对我的奖励)”可知，作者的父母给她买了一台笔记本电脑是为了奖励她的优异成绩。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Astimepassed,Iwouldlockmyselfinmyroomduringweekends,refusingtocomeoutandtakepartinfamilydiscussions.Ipreferredtostayconnectedtothe“friends”onlinewhomIhadnevermet.(随着时间的推移，周末我会把自己锁在房间里，拒绝出来参加家庭讨论。我更喜欢和那些素未谋面的网友保持联系)”可知，作者上网上瘾后忽略了周围的人和事。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Overtime,IrealizedthatDadandMumhadalwayswantedthebestforme.ThatwaswhenIdecidedtotakethebigstep—toquitmyinternetaddiction.(随着时间的推移，我意识到爸爸妈妈总是希望我过得最好。就在那时，我决定迈出一大步——戒掉网瘾)”可知，父母的爱和期望让作者决定戒掉网瘾。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“QuittingwasharderthanIexpected.Butwithstrongdetermination,IknewthatIwouldbeabletodoit.IpromisedmyparentsthatIwouldturnoveranewleaf.(戒网瘾比我想象的要难。但有了坚定的决心，我知道我一定能做到。我答应我的父母，我会改过自新)”结合文章主要讲述了作者因为成绩优异得到了一台笔记本作为奖励，结果作者却沉迷于网络，忽略了周围的人和事。最后父亲拿走了作者的笔记本，作者也决心戒网瘾。可推知，故事告诉我们：亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。故选A。CTherapiddevelopmentofnewindustrieshasgivenrisetoarangeofnewoccupations,whichwillbrightenupourcountry’semploymentprospects.LiQing,a29-year-oldresidentinFengjie,Chongqing,isanonlinemarketer.Bettingonthehugedevelopmentpotentialoftheagriculture,Ligaveupherjobasawhite-collarworkerinBeijingandmovedbacktoherhometowntobeanonlinemarketer.Sheopenedastoreonanonlinesalesplatform,sellingmushrooms,potatoesandrice.Today,manyfarmsinthecountry’shinterland(内地)aredevelopingfast,buttheyneedmoreaccessiblechannelstoselltheirproducts.“Overthepastthreeyears,ourtotalsalesvolumehasgrowntomorethan100millionyuan,leadingtoincomegrowthformorethan1,000ruralfamilies,”Lisaid.“It’sabusinessopportunityformeandalsoagoodchancetohelpfarmersearnmoremoney.”JinYi,inhis20s,isanewmemberofAItrainers.Justlikeachildlearningtowalk,AIneedstrainerstoconstantlyreminditoftherightmethodsandhumanbeings’mindset.Throughnumerousdataaccumulationandpractice,AIisabletorecognizehumanbeings’languages.Inrecentyears,AItrainershavesproutedupacrossChinaasaresultoftherapiddevelopmentofneweconomicmodels(模式).“It’sestimatedthatthereisashortageofabout5millionskilledworkersintheAIindustry.Shanghaineedsabout400,000AIworkersalone,butthereareonlyaround40,000studentsmajoringinAIatcolleges,”saidQiuXin,PartySecretaryofFudanUniversity.“Ibelieveourindustrywillseegreaterdevelopmentinthefuture,alongwiththeadvancementofAI.IhopemoregraduateswilljointheindustryandcontributetothedevelopmentofAI,”Jinsaid.Inadditiontocreatingmorejobs,newtechnologieswillhelptransformtraditionalindustries,whichwillhelpcreatemorenewandhigher-payingjobsinthecomingyears,saidLiChang’an,aprofessorattheAcademyofChinaOpenEconomyStudiesoftheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics.8.WhydidLiQingleaveherjobinBeijingandwentbacktoherhometown?A.BecauseherjobinBeijingwasunderpaid.B.Becausesheneededtotakecareofherfamily.C.Becauseshesawthepromisingfutureofagriculture.D.Becausefarmersinherhometownneededher.9.WhatprobablyispartofanAItrainer’sjob?A.Remindingpeopleoftherightmethods.B.TrainingAItorecognizehumanlanguages.C.HelpingAItowalklikehumanchildren.D.TeachingcollegestudentsmajoringinAl.10.AccordingtoLiChang’an,whatcannewtechnologiesbring?A.MoreAIapplicationsinourlife. B.Changesinnewindustries.C.Incomegrowthforfarmers. D.Morenewandwell-paidjobs.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Newjobsarecomingoutasaresultofnewtechnologies.B.Peoplehavepreferencefordifferentprofessions.C.ThenumberofoccupationsinAIindustryisgrowing.D.Newtechnologieshelpchangetraditionalindustries.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了AI行业的快速发展催生了一系列新职业。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bettingonthehugedevelopmentpotentialoftheagriculture,Ligaveupherjobasawhite-collarworkerinBeijingandmovedbacktoherhometowntobeanonlinemarketer.(由于看好农业的巨大发展潜力，李放弃了在北京的白领工作，回到家乡做了一名网络营销人员。)”可知，因为看到了农业的大好前景，李青辞去了在北京的工作，回到了家乡。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Throughnumerousdataaccumulationandpractice,AIisabletorecognizehumanbeings’languages.(通过大量的数据积累和实践，人工智能能够识别人类的语言。)”可知，训练人工智能识别人类语言是人工智能训练师工作的一部分。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Inadditiontocreatingmorejobs,newtechnologieswillhelptransformtraditionalindustries,whichwillhelpcreatemorenewandhigher-payingjobsinthecomingyears,saidLiChang’an,aprofessorattheAcademyofChinaOpenEconomyStudiesoftheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics.(对外经济贸易大学中国开放经济研究院教授李长安表示，除了创造更多就业机会外，新技术还将有助于改造传统行业，这将有助于在未来几年创造更多新的高薪工作。)”可知，新技术会带来更多新的高薪工作。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Therapiddevelopmentofnewindustrieshasgivenrisetoarangeofnewoccupations,whichwillbrightenupourcountry’semploymentprospects.(新兴产业的快速发展催生了一系列新的职业，这将照亮我国的就业前景。)”可知，新技术促进新行业的发展，新行业带来了新的就业机会。故选A项。DScientistshavelongwonderedwhyhumansscalps(头皮)arecoveredinhaireventhoughwearefarlesshairyelsewhere.Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat,”saysleadauthorTinaLasisi.“SowefiguredthatcouldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun.”Tobetterunderstandhowhaircanaffectthetemperatureofthehead,Lasisiandhercolleaguesplacedthreedifferentwigs(假发)ornowigonaresearchmanikin(人体模型).Themanikinwasheatedtoabodytemperatureof35℃andplacedunderhotlights.Thescientistsmeasuredthetemperatureonthemanikin’sheadwhencoveredwithnowigandwigsthathavestraighthairs,loosecurlsortightcoils(卷)whicharesimilarinthicknessandcolor.Underthelightsheatingat30℃,thebiggestdifferenceinheatwasbetweennohairandhair.Themanikinheadalwaysbecamehotter,butaddingthestraight-hairedwigreducedthatheatgainbymorethanhalfcomparedtoaheadwithnowig.Thecurledwigmadethescalparealesshotthanthestraight-hairedwig,andthetightly-coiledwigledtothecoolesthead.AnotherexperimentalsodonebyLasisi’steamaimedtosimulate(模拟)sweatontheheadbywettingthemanikin.Inthiscase,baldheadcooledthemostthroughevaporationofwater.Butcoolingwithsweatmightnotbethathelpfuloverall,saidLasisi.Havinghairloweredtheamountofsweatrequiredtobalancethesun’sheat.Thestudyisagreatleapforwardaboutthinkingwhywehavesomuchhaironourheads.ButLasisiacknowledgesthatthemanikindoesn’tmatchhumanphysiologyperfectlyandhopesthatmoreresearchwillbedonetounderstandwhenandwhydifferenthairtypesevolved.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Thepowerofevolution. B.Generatingalargeamountofheat.C.Thesizeofthehumanbrain. D.Protectingtheheadfromoverheating.13.Whywerehotlightsusedinthestudy?A.Toactasthehotsun. B.Totestthewigs’quality.C.Toprotectthemanikins. D.Tocreateacozyenvironment.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Man-madehairismainlyusedforitsdecorativevalue.B.Differenthairstylesaffectheadtemperaturedifferently.C.Itiscertainthathairisessentialforprotectingthehead.D.Haircanincreasetheneedforsweatingtocoolthehead.15.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A.HumanBrainIsSensitivetoHeat B.DifferentWigsHaveDifferentCharmsC.HairHelpsCoolDownOurHeads D.HumanHairWillBeReplacedbyWigs【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，从我们头上长出的头发可能是为了防止早期人类的大脑过热。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及相关研究的发现。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.(一项新的研究表明，从我们头上长出的头发可能是为了防止早期人类的大脑过热)”以及第二段“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat(大脑是一个很大的热敏器官，也会产生大量的热量)”和划线词后文“couldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun”可知，研究发现头发可能是为了防止早期人类的大脑过热，因为大脑是一个很大的热敏器官，也会产生大量的热量，所以防止头部过热对生活在非洲烈日下的早期人类来说可能非常重要。故划线词指的是“防止头部过热”。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat,”saysleadauthorTinaLasisi.“SowefiguredthatcouldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun.”(“大脑是一个很大的热敏器官，也会产生大量的热量，”主要作者蒂娜·拉西说。“所以我们认为，这对生活在非洲烈日下的早期人类来说可能非常重要。”)”以及倒数第二段“Havinghairloweredtheamountofsweatrequiredtobalancethesun’sheat.(头发减少了平衡太阳热量所需的汗液量)”可知，在研究中使用热光源是为了充当炎热的太阳。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thecurledwigmadethescalparealesshotthanthestraight-hairedwig,andthetightly-coiledwigledtothecoolesthead.(与直发假发相比，卷曲的假发使头皮区域不那么热，而紧卷的假发则会让你的头最凉爽)”可知，不同发型对头部温度的影响不同。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientistshavelongwonderedwhyhumansscalps(头皮)arecoveredinhaireventhoughwearefarlesshairyelsewhere.Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.(长期以来，科学家们一直想知道为什么人类的头皮上覆盖着毛发，尽管我们在其他地方的毛发要少得多。一项新的研究表明，从我们头上长出的头发可能是为了防止早期人类的大脑过热)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明，从我们头上长出的头发可能是为了防止早期人类的大脑过热。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及相关研究的发现。可知，C选项“头发帮助我们的头部降温”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Researchshowsthatwith2℃ofglobalwarmingwewillhavemoredisasterslikedroughts,floods,wildfiresandstorms.Unlessweactimmediatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions,wewon’tbeabletoescapetheworstconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiscanseemdepressing.____16____.Herearesomewaysyoucanbepartoftheclimatesolution:●Transformyourtransport____17____.Somanygovernmentsacrosstheworldaretakingactiontoreducecarbonemissionsintransport.Youcangetaheadstart.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.Ifthedistancesaretoogreat,choosepublictransport,preferablyelectricoptions.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.●____18____Toreduceyourfood’scarbonfootprint,buylocalandseasonalfoods.You’llbehelpingsmallbusinessesandfarmsinyourareaandreducingfossilfuelemissionsassociatedwithtransportandcoldchainstorage.Goonestepfurtherandtrygrowingyourownfruit,vegetablesandherbs.____19____.●Don’twastefoodOne-thirdofallfoodproducediseitherlostorwasted.Peoplewaste1billiontonsoffoodeachyear,whichaccountsforaround8-10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Avoidwastebyonlybuyingwhatyouneed.Takeadvantageofeveryedible(可食用的)partofthefoodsyoubuy.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbours.____20____.It’sabestoptionformanagingorganicwastewhilealsoreducingenvironmentalimpacts.A.GrowyourownfoodB.ShoplocalandbuysustainableC.TransportisatypicalexampleofhumanactivitiesD.Butthegoodnewsisthatthere’salotwecanstilldoasindividualsE.TrafficaccountsforaroundaquarterofallgreenhousegasemissionsF.Youcanplanttheminagarden,onabalconyorevenonawindowsillG.Makecompost(堆肥)outofinediblepartsanduseittofertilize(使肥沃)yourgarden【答案】16.D17.E18.B19.F20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些个人可以减少气候影响的方法和建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Researchshowsthatwith2℃ofglobalwarmingwewillhavemoredisasterslikedroughts,floods,wildfiresandstorms.Unlessweactimmediatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions,wewon’tbeabletoescapetheworstconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiscanseemdepressing.(研究表明，随着全球变暖2℃，我们将面临更多的灾害，如干旱、洪水、野火和风暴。除非我们立即采取行动减少温室气体排放，否则我们将无法避免气候变化带来的最严重后果。这似乎令人沮丧)”以及后文“Herearesomewaysyoucanbepartoftheclimatesolution(这里有一些方法可以让你成为气候解决方案的一部分)”可知，上文提到了令人沮丧，后文则提到了有办法，可知本句为过渡句，与上文构成转折，指出作为个人也可以采取行动减少气候影响。故D选项“但好消息是，作为个人，我们仍然可以做很多事情”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据后文“Somanygovernmentsacrosstheworldaretakingactiontoreducecarbonemissionsintransport.Youcangetaheadstart.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.Ifthedistancesaretoogreat,choosepublictransport,preferablyelectricoptions.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.(因此，世界各地的许多政府都在采取行动减少交通运输中的碳排放。你可以有一个好的开始。把车留在家里，尽可能步行或骑车。如果距离太远，选择公共交通工具，最好是电动交通工具。如果你必须开车，主动和别人拼车，这样路上的车就会少一些)”可知，后文提到世界各地的许多政府都在采取行动减少交通运输中的碳排放，故本句是在说明交通排放温室气体的情况。故E选项“交通排放的温室气体约占温室气体排放总量的四分之一”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文“Toreduceyourfood’scarbonfootprint,buylocalandseasonalfoods.(为了减少食物的碳足迹，购买当地的应季食物)”可知，本段的主旨是建议购买当地的食物，B选项中local对应后文local。故B选项“在当地购物，购买可持续产品”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Goonestepfurtherandtrygrowingyourownfruit,vegetablesandherbs.(更进一步，尝试自己种植水果、蔬菜和草药)”可知，上文建议自己尝试种植植物，本句为本段最后一句，故说明种植的地方，F选项中them指代上文fruit,vegetablesandherbs。故F选项“你可以把它们种在花园里，阳台上，甚至窗台上”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Takeadvantageofeveryedible(可食用)partofthefoodsyoubuy.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbours.(充分利用你所买食物的每一个可食用部分。创造性地处理剩菜，与你的朋友和邻居分享多余的剩菜)”以及后文“It’sabestoptionformanagingorganicwastewhilealsoreducingenvironmentalimpacts.(这是管理有机废物同时减少环境影响的最佳选择)”可知，上文提到了充分利用可食用部分，故本句主要是在就如何处理不可食用的剩菜提出建议，故G选项“把不可食用的部分做成堆肥，用来给花园施肥”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIfirstmetMissHarold,shewastheschoollibrarianatLakeviewElementary,andIwasatimid(胆怯的)fourthgrader.Iwasdesperatelytryingtogounnoticed,becauseIhadsomebig____21____,liketerriblehandwritingandamessydesk.AndIwastryingto____22____thefactthatIlikedtoread—somethingthatwascoolforgirlsbutnotforboys.MissHaroldtookmeunderherwingandhelpedmakeitokayformetobea(n)____23____,nerdy(呆子似的)boywhowasreadinglotsofbooks.She____24____meoutofmyshell(壳)bysharingherloveofbooks.Shestartedby____25____questionslike“Whatdoyouliketoread?”Thenshe____26____mealotofbooks,onesthatweremorecomplexand____27____thanthebooksIwasreadingatthetime.OnceI’dreadthem,shewouldmakethe____28____todiscussthemwithme.“Didyoulikeit?”shewouldask,“Why?Whatdidyoulearn?”She____29____listenedtowhatIsaid.Throughthose____30____inthelibraryandintheclassroomwebecamegoodfriends.Lookingbackonitnow,there’sno_____31_____thatmytimewithMissHaroldhelped_____32_____myinterestinlibrariesandmyfocusonhelpingeverychildinAmericagetthebenefitofgreatteachers.I’mso_____33_____tothededicatedlibrarianandteacherwhohelpedmefindmy_____34_____whenIwasnineyearsold.It’sabsolutelyremarkablehowmuchpoweronegoodcanhavein_____35_____thelifeofachild.21.A.plans B.dreams C.advantages D.shortcomings22.A.notice B.understand C.hide D.find23.A.clever B.messy C.noisy D.outgoing24.A.pulled B.gave C.put D.let25.A.asking B.answering C.avoiding D.sharing26.A.sold B.bought C.found D.wrote27.A.challenging B.confusing C.expensive D.understandable28.A.decision B.time C.note D.list29.A.anxiously B.gradually C.generally D.patiently30.A.arguments B.activities C.interviews D.conversations31.A.question B.evidence C.use D.way32.A.lose B.show C.share D.excite33.A.satisfied B.grateful C.regretful D.surprised34.A.hopes B.problems C.strengths D.hobbies35.A.giving B.shaping C.saving D.knowing【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.C27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.D33.B34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在小学四年级的时候得到图书管理员Harold很大帮助的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我拼命想让自己不被人注意，因为我有一些很大的缺点，比如写得很糟糕，桌子很乱。A.plans计划；B.dreams梦想；C.advantages优点；D.shortcomings缺点。根据后文“liketerriblehandwritingandamessydesk”可知，作者有些缺点。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图隐藏这个事实——我喜欢阅读——这对女孩来说很酷，但不适合男孩。A.notice注意到；B.understand理解；C.hide隐藏；D.find发现。根据前文“Iwasdesperatelytryingtogounnoticed”可知，作者不想被人注意到自己喜欢阅读，因为阅读不是男孩应该喜欢的。故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Harold小姐把我置于她的庇护之下，并帮助我这样一个邋遢的书呆子男孩成功度过难关，读了很多书。A.clever聪明的；B.messy凌乱的；C.noisy嘈杂的；D.outgoing外向的。根据前文“terriblehandwritingandamessydesk”可知，作者自认为是个脏乱（邋遢）的男孩。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和我分享她对书的热爱，使我摆脱了自我禁锢。A.pulled拉；B.gave给；C.put放；D.let让。根据后文“outofmyshell(壳)bysharingherloveofbooks”可知，Harold小姐通过分享对书的热爱，把作者拉出外壳，即摆脱禁锢。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她首先问了一些问题，比如“你喜欢读什么书?”A.asking问；B.answering答；C.avoiding避免；D.sharing分享。根据语境和后文“questionslike‘Whatdoyouliketoread?’”可知，Harold小姐首先问作者一些问题。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她给我找了很多书，比我当时读的书更复杂，更有挑战性。A.sold卖；B.bought买；C.found发现，找；D.wrote写。根据语境和后文“mealotofbooks”可知，作为图书管理员，Harold小姐为作者找出许多书。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.challenging具有挑战性的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.understandable可以理解的。根据前文“onesthatweremorecomplex”和“and”的并列关系可知，一些书更复杂，更具挑战性。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我读了，她就会抽出时间和我讨论。A.decision决定；B.time时间；C.note记录；D.list清单。根据语境和后文“todiscussthemwithme”可知，Harold小姐抽出时间和作者讨论读过的书。故B选项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她耐心地听我说。A.anxiously焦急地；B.gradually逐渐地；C.generally一般地；D.patiently耐心地。根据语境和前文“Why?Whatdidyoulearn?”可知，Harold小姐会耐心地听作者回答。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在图书馆和教室里的谈话，我们成了好朋友。A.arguments争论；B.activities活动；C.interviews面谈，面试；D.conversations交谈，会话。根据前文“OnceI’dreadthem,shewouldmakethe____8____todiscussthemwithme.‘Didyoulikeit?’shewouldask,‘Why?Whatdidyoulearn?’She____9____listenedtowhatIsaid.”可知，Harold小姐和作者在图书馆和Harold有过多次谈话。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，毫无疑问，我和Harold小姐在一起的时光激发了我对图书馆的兴趣，让我专注于帮助美国的每一个孩子都能从优秀的老师那里受益。A.question问题，疑问；B.evidence证据；C.use使用；D.way方法。根据后文“mytimewithMissHaroldhelped____12____myinterestinlibrariesandmyfocusonhelpingeverychildinAmericagetthebenefitofgreatteachers”可知，作者肯定Harold小姐的帮助起了很大作用，认为这是毫无疑问的。noquestion“