新教材译林版英语课时作业Unit2SectionⅢExtendedreadingProjectAssessmentFurtherstudy

课时作业(六)Unit2SectionⅢExtendedreading,Project,Assessment&Furtherstudy阅读理解AAccordingtoarecentreport,about15%ofthepeopleintheUKaremembersofgyms.Butaretheymorelikelytobefit?Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidn'tbelongtoanyhealthclub.Gymmembersdidsixhoursmoreexerciseaweek,andthisactivitydidmakethemfitterthannon­gymmembers.Theyalsospentlesstimesittingdowneverydaythannon­gymmembers.Theresultswerethesameformenandwomen.Thestudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64,andthemaincharacteristicsofthosewhoweregymmemberswerethesameasthosewhowerenot.“Butgymmembersdidmoretrainingthannon­gymmembers，”saidtheleadauthor,ElizabethSchroederoftheUniversityofIllinois.Whileitmightseemclearthatgymmembersexercisingmorearehealthierthannon­members,Schroedersaysthishasnotbeendirectlyshownbefore.However,,peoplewhoexercisedasmuchasgymmemberswerealsoingoodhealth.Youcangetthesamebenefitswhereveryouexercise.Thisstudyshowsagymmembershipcanmakeyoudomoreexercise,butotherresearchshowsthatexercisingoutsidehasotherhelp.Outdooractivitiescanmakeyoufeelhappyaboutlife—especiallyifyourunthroughaforest.Outdoorexerciseisalsomoreenjoyablethangoingtothegym.Thefirstfiveminutesofoutdoorexerciseisespeciallyhelpfulinmakingpeoplefeelgood.ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.1．Whatdidthenewstudyfindout?A．Gymmembershadhealthiereatinghabits.B．Therewerefewerwomengymmembersthanmen.C．Gymmembersdidatleasteighthoursofexerciseaweek.D．Gymmembersweremoreactivethannon­gymmembers.2．Inthestudy,researchersstudied________.A．somesportsloversB．405gymmembersC．peoplefromdifferentagegroupsD．30gymmembersand64non­gymmembers3．WhichofthefollowingwillElizabethSchroederagreewith?A．Womenshoulddomoregymexercise.B．Weshouldbecarefulwithoutdoortraining.C．Outdoorexerciseisbetterthangymexercise.D．Itiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.BIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmayeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggers(慢跑者)andnon­joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogataproperpacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon­joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekataproperpaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi,yogaandwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triathlonsandlong­distancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon'tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn'tactuallydotoomuch.”4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1mean?A．Regular.B．Hard.C．Practical.D．Flexible.5．WhydoestheauthorpresentsomefiguresinParagraph2?A．Tosuggestgivingupjogging.B．Toshowrisksofdoingsports.C．Toprovidesupportiveevidence.D．Tointroducetheresearchprocess.6．Accordingtothescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?A．Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B．Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C．Itwillbringmuchpressure.D．Itconsumestoomuchenergy.7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B．Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C．Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.D．Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.CExercisemayholdthekeytoyouth,accordingtoastudypublishedonMondaywhichshowedpeoplewhokeepfitareuptonineyearsbiologicallyyoungerthanthosewhodonot.Thefindingsarethefirsttoshowinhumanshowkeepingfitaffectstheageingprocess.Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.Itallappearstoboildownto(归结为)thelengthofstructurescalledtelomeres(染色体终端)—whichprotecttheDNAonthechromosomes(染色体),theresearchersfromKing'sCollegeLondonwroteintheArchivesofInternalMedicine.Manystudieshaveshowntelomeresgetshorterovertime,suggestingthecellsareageingordying.Thestudy,whichextracted(提取)aDNAsamplefromtheirvolunteers,foundpeoplewhoexercisedmoreeachweekhadlongertelomeres.Exerciselowerstheriskofarangeofproblemssuchasheartdisease,diabetesandcancer,theresearcherssaid.“Itisnotjustwalkingaroundtheblock.Itisreallyworkingupasweat.”saidTimSpector,ageneticepidemiologistwholedthestudy,inatelephoneinterview.Thestudyfoundpeoplewhoexercisedenergetically3hourseachweekhadlongertelomeresandtheywere9yearsbiologicallyyoungerthanpeoplewhodidunder15minutes.Spector'steam,whoalsoadjustedforbodyweight,smoking,economicstatusandphysicalactivityatwork,alsosaidmoderateexercisefor1­2hourseachweekprovidedafour­yearadvantage.Studyingtwinsalsoprovidedauniqueopportunitytojudgetheeffectsofexerciseonpeoplewiththesameorsimilargeneticmake­up,theresearcherssaid.Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress(氧化应激反应),whichdamagesandkillscells.8．Whatistheriskofsedentarylifestyle?A．Itcancausediseases.B．Itcanmakeourcellsalive.C．Itcanlengthentelomeres.D．Itcankeepusfit.9．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Exercisingcanshortenthetelomeres.B．Thelessexercise,thelongertelomeres.C．Sittingoftenboilsmorechromosomes.D．Telomeresaffecthumanbeing'sageing.10．Whatcancauseageingaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Cellswithdiseases.B．Oxidativestress.C．Geneticstructure.D．Physicalactivities.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tointroducesomeexercise.B．Toshowhowtodoresearch.C．Toencouragepeopletoexercise.D．Toadvisepeopletoloseweight.课时作业(六)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。一项新的研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼。1．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据第二段的“Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidn'tbelongtoanyhealthclub.(一项研究发现，健身房会员的活跃程度是不属于任何健身俱乐部会员的14倍)”可推测，新研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。D项“Gymmembersweremoreactivethannon­gymmembers.(健身会员比非会员更加活跃)”符合以上推测，故选D。2．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thestudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64(这项研究包括405名年龄在30到64岁之间的人)”可知，研究人员研究了不同年龄段的人。C项“peoplefromdifferentagegroups(来自不同年龄段的人)”符合以上说法，故选C。3．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.[但施罗德说，健身房也可能鼓励(人们进行)更多的锻炼，因为它是充满社交和乐趣的]”可知，在健身房锻炼是有趣的而且可以建立社交。故推测，伊丽莎白·施罗德认为去健身房更容易坚持锻炼。D项“Itiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.(如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼)”符合以上推测，故选D。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。研究表明那些从事剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡概率一样，这是因为剧烈运动会损害我们的心脏和动脉。适度的运动才有助于我们的健康。4．答案与解析：B'词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmayeasashock.”可知，人们一般认为跑马拉松会帮助我们过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果并不是这样。那些从事“strenuousworkout”的人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。由此可以推测“runningmarathons”属于“strenuous”。再根据第二段中的“becausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries”可推测，strenuousexercise是指剧烈运动。strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。5．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。第二段中的“Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon­joggers.(研究表明每周慢跑超过三次或时速超过7英里的人死亡率与从不慢跑者相同)”通过呈现研究数据作为证据来证明文章第一段提出的观点：做剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡率一样。故选C。6．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.(科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构改变。随着时间的推移，这会造成严重的伤害)”可知，剧烈运动可能会损伤我们的心脏和动脉。故选A。7．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”和第四段JacobLouisMarott的观点“Andperhapsyoushouldn'tactuallydotoomuch.”