2024-2024年职称英语理工A真题及答案2

2024年全国职称英语理工类〔A级〕考试真题及答案第1局部：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1．Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger，it'Sdrivingmemad．A．tolerateB．generateC．reduceD．mensure2．Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone．A．equalB．immediateC．moderateD．great3．Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool．A．brightB．unclearC．generalD．bad4．Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation．A．specialB．privateC．generalD．good5．Sleepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople．A．pictureB．dangerC．evidenceD．case6．Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil．A．doubtB．reliefC．failureD．confusion7．Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment．A．loveB．surpriseC．angerD．doubt8．Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday．A．energeticB．freeC．physicalD．regular9．Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues．A．boringB．originalC．humorousD．long10．Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth．A．attractB．spendC．encourageD．require11．Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes．A．supportedB．disprovedC．disputedD．accepted12．Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear．A．closeB．sellC．breakD．combine13．Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners．A．politeB．usualC．badD．similar14．Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch．A．hardworkingB．socialC．basicD．scientific15．Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison．A．necessaryB．terribleC．criticalD．normal第2局部：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPowerEnergybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality，nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawatt(兆瓦)ofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2024．Butsomemajorchallengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely．Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites，whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth．Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailableineosynchronous(与地球同时的)orbit．Earth-basedsolarcells，bycontrast，canonlycollectsun．Lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear．Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapple(努力克服)withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace，saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette，Indiana，"Ifyou'retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth，it'satoughgo．"hesays.CalBoerman，Solaren'sdirectorofenergyservices，saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown．"Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent，revolu-tionarydesign，"hesays．Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'Sweight，includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlightonsolarcells，soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy．ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges，includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhea-ting，saysSchwartz．"Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipation(散发)becauseyou'renowconcen-tratingalotofenergyinoneplace，"hesays．Accordingtothecompany'spatent，Solaren'ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool．ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork，itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy．LawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears，hepointsout．"Tomeetthoseneeds，we'rego-ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources，"hesays．16．Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned17．Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned18．Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned19．Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned20．Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace-basedsolarpowersystem．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned21．Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned22．Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon．A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned第3局部：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最正确标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最正确选项。NaturalGas1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface．Itisafossilfuel(矿物质燃料)，meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago．Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane(甲烷)．2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructure(根底设施)hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential，commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide．Today，naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU．S．，andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandidustries。Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas．Infact，naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds，costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity．Inaddi-tiontoheatinghomes，muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanu-factureawidevarietyofproducts，frompaint，tofibersforclothing，toplasticsforheahhcare，con-putingandfurnishings．Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants．3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable．Itemitslesspollutionthanoth-erfossilfuelsources．Whennaturalgasisburned，itproducesmostlycarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andwatervapor-thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansexhale．Comparedwithsomeotherfos-silfuels，naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted(燃烧)，makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofa11．4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld'Snaturalgasoutput，makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld．TheU．S．DepartmentofEnergy'SEnergyInformationAd-ministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025．5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'ssurface．ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbefoundinRussia，WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast．LNG(液化天然气)hasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades．Today，theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan，Korea，FranceandSpain．23．Paragraph2_________．24．Paragraph3________．25．Paragraph4_________.26．Paragraph5________．A．PopularityanduseofnaturalgasB．NaturalgasreservesandsupplyC．NaturalgaspricesD．CleanfuelofchoiceE．DisadvantagesofnaturalgasF．Naturalgasconsumption27．Naturalgasisstoreddeep________．28．Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource_________．29．Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts，peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas____________．30．Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease_________．A．overthepast50yearsB．beneaththeearthsurfaceC．bymorethan50percentD．formorethanfourdecadesE．asarawmaterialF．forhomeenergyneeds第4局部：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最正确选项。第一篇HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistenceHowthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears，butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence，researcherssay．Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday，andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler．Dr．NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU．S．incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse，sometimesreferredtoasthe"cosmicdarkages，"tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness．Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse，andtheresearchers'computersimulation，whichhasbeencalleda"cosmicRosettaStone．"setsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess．Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsandeventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing．Accordingtotheirsimulation，gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter，gases，andthemysterious"darkmatter''oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun．Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar．Dr．Yoshida'ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestarcapableofsynthesizingheavyelements，notjustinlatergenerationsofstars，butsoonaftertheBigBang．"Thisgenealpictureofstarformation，andtheabilitytocomparehowstellarobjectsformindifferenttimeperiodsandregionsoftheuniverse，willeventuallyallowinvestigationintotheoriginsoflifeandplanets，"saidLarsHernquist，aProfessorofAstronomyatHarvardUniversityandacoauthorofthislatestreport．"Theabundanceofelementsintheuniversehasincreasedasstarshaveaccumulated，"hesays，"andtheformationanddestructionofstarscontinuestospreadtheseele．mentsfurtheracrosstheuniverse．Sowhenyouthinkaboutit．a11oftheelementsinourbodiesoriginallyformedfromnuclearreactionsinthecentersofstars，longago．"Theirsimulationofthebirthofaprotostarintheearlyuniversesignifiesakeysteptowardtheambitiousgoalofpiecingtogethertheformationofanentireprimordialstarandofpredictingthemassandpropertiesofthesefirststarsoftheuniverse．Morepowerfulcomputers，morephysicaldata，andanevenlargerrangewillbeneededforfurthercalculationsandsimulations，buttheseresearchershopetoeventuallyextendthissimulationtothepointofnuclearreactionin．itiation-whenastellarob．jectbecomesatruestar．"Dr．Yoshidahastakenthestudyofprimordialstarformationtoanewlevelwiththissimulation，butitstillgetsusonlytothehalfwaypointtowardsourfinalgoal．Itislikelayingthefoundationofaskyscraper，"saidVolkerBromm，AssistantProfessorofAstronomyattheUniversityofTex．as，Austinandtheauthorofacompanionarticle．"Wemustcontinueourstudiesinthisareatoun-derstandhowtheinitiallytinyprotostargrows，layerbylayer，toeventuallyformamassivestar．Buthere，thephysicsbecomemuchmorecomplicatedandevenmorecomputationalresourcesareneeded．"31．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，theearlyuniverse_______．A．wasgovernedbysimplerphysicsB．gotfewerstarsshinninginitC．startedover13billionyearsagoD．wascomposedinawaysimilartothatoftoday32．Whatcanthestate-of-the．artcomputersimulationtellusabout?A．HowtheBigBangoccurredabout13billionyearsago．B．How"cosmicdarkages"cameintoexistence．C．HowdustgrainsandgaseswereformedaftertheBigBang．D．HowthefirststarscanleintobeingaftertheBigBang．33．Whatdoesthe"astronomicalobject"inparagraph2referto?A．cosmicdarkages．B．dustgrainsandgases．C．aprotostar．D．theearlyuniverse．34．Accordingtoparagraph4，whatisNOTtrueaboutaprotostar?A．ItdevelopedintoamassivestarduringtheBigBang．B．Itevolvedfrompre-stellargases．C．Itwasabletointegrateheavyelementswhenevolvingintoamassivestar．D．Ithadamassofonepercentofthesun．35．Accordingtothelastparagraph，allofthefollowingaregoalsofthesimulationprojectEXCEPTA．toknowmoreaboutthemassandpropertiesofthefirststarsoftheuniverseB．tosimulatetheprocessofhowtheearlyuniversebeganC．toapplythesimulationtothestudyofnuclearreactioninitiationD．todiscoverthetruthabouttheformationofaprotostar第二篇TheIcemanOnaSeptember,dayin1991，twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainbetweenAustraandIta．1y．Highuponamountainpass，theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice．Atthatheight(10，499feet，or3，200meters)，theiceisusuallypermanent，but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear．Themountainicehadmeltedmorethaniustusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface．Itwaslyingfacedownward．Theskeleton(骨架)wasinperfectconditionexceptawoundonthehead．remainsofsomeclothes．Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots．Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark(树皮)andaholderforarrows．Whowastheman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions．Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury，perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI，sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthisarea．ASwisswomanwhobelieveditmightbeherfather，whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound．Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder，maybeevenathousandyearsold．Withmodemdatingtechniques，thescientistssoonlearnedthattheicemanwasabout5，300yearsold．Borninabout3300B．C．，helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope．Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains．Morerecentevidence，however，tellsadifferentstory．AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder．Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin，butitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding．Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound，andnotfromthewoundoilthebackofhishead．Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofbattle．Itmayhavebeenpartoialargewar，orhemayhavebeenfightiingbandits．Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself．Bystudyinghisclothesandtools，scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin．wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied，buthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes．36．Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause_________．A．hewaslyingontheiceB．twoGermanswereclimbingmountainsC．themeltedicemadehimvisibleD．hewasjustonamountainpass37．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A．Theicemanwaskilledwhileworking．B．Theicemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead．C．Theicemanlivedapoorlife．D．Theicemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind．38．AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouticemanEXCEPT_____________．A．hewasasoldierinWorldWarIB．hecamefromItalyC．hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfatherD．Hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago39．Thescientistsmadethedeductionthattheiceman_________．A．washitintheshoulderbyanarrowheadB．wasprobablyinsomekindofabattleC．hadgotawoundonthebackofhisheadD．hasatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeath．40．Theword"bandits"inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby________．A．robbersB．soldiersChuntersD．shooters第三篇ScientistsMakeSweetDiscoveringGoodnewsforchocoholics：thetreatpreferredbymillionsallovertheworldisgoodforyou，accordingtoAmericanresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia．Chocolatecontainssubstancescalledflavonoidsthatcanhelpmaintainahealthyheartandgoodcirculation．Theresearchershavediscoveredthatcocoaactslikeaspirinandthateatingabarofchocolatehasalsobeenshowntoreleaseendorphinsinthebody：thesechemicalshelptoreducepainandstressandmakeyoufeelhappy.TheOlmecIndiansofMexicoandCentralAmericawerethefirsttogrowcocoabeans，inabout1500BC，andtheMayasweredrinkingunsweetenedcocahundredsofyearsbeforeitbecamefashionableinEurope．In1544，adelegationofMayannoblesvisitedPhilipofSpainandgavehimjarsofcocoaasagift．CocoasoonbecamefashionableinSpainandPortugal．TheSpanishwerethefirsttoaddsugartotheircocoadrink．Bythemiddleofthecentury，solidchocolatewasbecomingfamiliar．In1765，JamesBakerandJohnHananopenedthefirstchocolatemillintheUnitedStates，introducingchocolatetotheaveragecitizen．In1896，inSwitzerland，DanielPeterhadtheideaofaddingmilkinthechocolate-makingprocessandproducedthefirstmilkchocolate．Sincethen，chocolatehasgrownenormouslyinpopularity．Oneofthebiggestchocolate-eatingnationsisBritainwheretheaverageman，women，andchildeatsninekilosofchocolateayear．Infact，chocolateisthenumberonecomfortfoodandtherearemorechocoholicsinBritainthananywhereelseintheworld．Researcherswarnthatalthoughchocolateisgoodforyou，itshouldbeeateninsmallquantitiesandwithnoaddedmilk．41．Whyischocolategoodforheaaandcirculation?A．Itreducespainandstress．B．ItcontainSsubstancescalledflavonoids．C．Itreleasesendorphinsinhumanbody．D．Itactslikeaspirintoprotectheart．42．WhencocoawasfirstintroducedtoEurope_________，itsoonbecamefashionable．A．asadrinkB．asagiftC．asfoodD．asamedicine43．WhatdoesJamesBakersandJohnHanandoaboutchocolate?A．Theyproducethefirstmildchocolate．B．TheyintroducechocolatetoEurope．C．Theyaddsugartomakechocolatebars．D.Theymakechocolateaccessibletoaverageman．44．Whichisthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Chocolatecontainssubstancesthatmakepeoplefeelhappy．B．Chocolateisgoodforhealthifitiseatenwithaddedmilk．C．Eatingchocolateoccasionallycontributestoahealthydiet．D．Chocolateislovedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide．45．WhatiStheauthor'stoneabouteatingchocolates?A．ambiguousB．negativeC．positiveD．humorous第5局部：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。IJustKnowHowYouFeelDoyoufeelsad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Doyouthinkthatthewayyoudisplaytheseemotionsisunique?Well，thinkagain．EventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingsCaBbedividedintogroups，classified，andperhaps，taught．ThisweekseesthepublicationofMindReading，aninteractiveDVD-romdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion．Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel：thefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart．TheattempttoclassifythehumanheartbeganwithDarwin．HisTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals，publishedin1872，dividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger，fear，sadness，disgust，surpriseandenjoyment．________(46)．Everyotherfeeling，ofwhichtheremaybethousands，wasthoughttoderivefromthissix-stronggroup．Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwerelikelytobelearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture．AnincredulousorindignantPacificislandermightnotbeabletoshowanEssexgirlexactlyhowshefelt．Butnowitisbelievedthat，whereasgesturesdonotcrossculturalboundarieswell，manymorefacialexpressionsthanDarwin'shalf-dozenaresharedworldwide．___________(47)．TheMindReadingisasystematicrecordofeachoftheseexpressionsbeingactedout．TheprojectwasconceivedbyProfessorSimonBaron-CohenoftheautismresearchcentreinCambridgeasanaidforpeoplewithautism，whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotion．Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses．Novelists，actorsandportraitpaintersallneedtodrawuponawiderangeofemotionalexpression，andteacherscoulduseitforclassesinpersonalandsocialdevelopment．Baron-Cohen'steamfirsthadtodecidewhatcountedasanemotion．________(48)．Usingthisdefinition，1，512emotiontermswereidentifiedandputtoapanelwhohadtodecideifeachrepre．sentedaseparateemotion，oriftheyweresynonyms．Thatlistwaswhittleddownto412，arrangedin24groups．from"afraid"to"wanting"．Oncetheemotionswereclassified．aDVDseemedthemostefficientwaytodisplaythem．InMindReading，eachexpressionsisactedout-sixtimes，bysixdifferentactors-inthreeseconds．_______(49)．Theexplanationforthisissimple：wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords，butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface．"Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright，"saysCathyCollis，whodirectedtheDVD．BUtthoughwefinditdifficulttodescribemanyemotions，weinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeone．"Evenwhentheactorswerestrngglingtogetanemotion，therewasasplitsecondwhenitwasabsolutelythere．Itwasreallyclearwhenthey'dgotit，"CathyCollis，whodirectedtheDVD．"Althoughtheactorsweregivensomedirection，theywerenottoldwhichfacialmuscletheyshouldmove．"Sheadded__________(50)Forexample，whensomeonefeelscontempt，youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown．SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkman．whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion．Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits"．Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10．000visiblefacialshapes．Ekmanhaswrittenoutapaperoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion．A．WethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthisB．Theseparticularmusclesayedifficulttocontrol，andfewpeoplecandoit．C．Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreadtheemotionalexpressions．D．Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel"or"helooks"or"shesounds"．E．Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesesfeelingsayeuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone，fromanyculture．F．Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions，suchaswords，wouldhavebeenfarlessefiective．第6局部：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseen，thedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswater，andresearchscientistshavefounda_________(51)ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous．Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater．Butevenhere，wheretherearenolakes，riversorgroundwater，considerablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair．IntheNegevdesertinIsrael，forexample，annualaveragerelativeairhu-midityis64percent-ineverycubicmeterofairthereaye11．5millilitersofwater．Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater．"Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_______(52)thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaicceils，_________(53)makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous．Itwill_______(54)functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure．"saysSiegfriedEgner，headoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe_______(55)isasfollows：hygroscopicbrine-salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisturerunsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked_________(56)atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors_________(57)upthebrine，whichisdilutedbythewaterithas________(58).Becauseofthevacuum，theboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthaaitwouldbeunder_____(59)atmosphericpressure．Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains：astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalley，waterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100~C．Theevaporated，non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_________(60)producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine________(61)downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．"Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_________(62)．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivable，"saysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor______(63)systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshaveMready________(64)theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther________(65)theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．51．A．roadB．channelC．wayD．path52．A．inspiteofB．becauseofC．asaresultofD．suchas53．A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which54．A．meanwhileB．thereforeC．howeverD．still55．A．prospectB．processC．progressD．product56．A．fromB．atC．aboveD．into57．A．keepsB．bringsC．breaksD．heats58．A．attractedB．affectedC．allowedD．absorbed59．A．normalB．differentC．easyD．available60．A．continuouslyB．suddenlyC．typicallyD．seriously61．A．takesB．putsC．fliesD．runs62．A．usersB．designersC．ownerD．workers63．A．bothB．everyC．sameD．either64．A．repairedB．cancelledC．testedD．copied65．A．instrumentB．stepC．caseD．ground参考答案：第l局部：词汇选项1．A[解析]我不能忍受邻居的噪音，那快让我疯了。putupwith：忍受；和A．tolerate意思相近，例如：Theschoolcannottoleratecheatingonexams．学校无法容忍考试作弊现象。B．generate产生。C．reduce：减少，缩小；例如：Theyhavetoreduceexpensesthisyear．他们今年必须削减开支。D．measure：测量，估计；例如：Wecannotmeasureamanbyhisfailures．我们不能以失败来衡量一个人。2．D[解析]社会工作者对独居老人的定期访问很有价值。immense：巨大的，较好的；A．equal：平等的，用法为beequalto；B．immediate：立即的，直接的；例如：Hedemanded'immediatepayment．他要求立即付款。C．moderate：适度的，中等的；例如：Itisalargehouse，butthegardenisofmoderatesize．那是一栋大房子，可是花园却只有一般的大小。D．great：巨大的，符合题意，例如：Heachievedgreatsuccessinhiscareer．他的事业取得了巨大的成功。3．B[解析]他对自己没有完成学业的原因相当糊涂。vague：模糊的，不明确的，它和B．unclear意思相同，例如：Itwasstillunclearwhatthecauseoftheaircrashwas．那起空难的原因还不清楚。A．bright：聪明的，光明的；例如：Weenjoyedthebri