虚拟语气教学

虚拟语气教学虚拟语气虚拟语气涵义在汉语的习惯中，表示假设，也就是“虚拟”的时候，往往只需要用一些词汇来表示，譬如：假如、要是、如果等；在英语中，表示假设或虚拟的时候，不仅要有表示的词，如if，还要在谓语动词上发生变化。虚拟语气涵义虚拟语气看似复杂，其实考生只需掌握下面关键的两点，就能事半功倍。1.注意熟记虚拟语气的标志词（组），如wish，insist，itishightime等。2.要牢记如何在谓语动词的变化上体现虚拟语气，如变化时态，使用should等。虚拟语气适用情况一1：表假设条件（if条件句）含有条件状语从句的句子称为条件句，通常用if引导。

如果所表示的条件是真实的，或完全有可能实现的，则称为真实条件句。其主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气，即我们过去所学的一般的谓语表达形式。标志词：if。If条件句例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果条件句表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，则称为虚拟条件句，其主句和从句的谓语就要用虚拟语气。If条件句有以下四种情况：与现在事实相反的假设

If条件从句

主句一般过去时（be动词用were，不用was）Should\would\might\could+动词原形If条件句Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusetogothere.If条件句与过去事实相反的假设

If条件句

主句过去完成时haddoneShould\would\might\could+have+过去分词If条件句Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould\wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.

如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.If条件句表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想If条件句

主句一般过去时didShould\would\might\could+

动词原形Were+todoShould+doIf条件句例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.=Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

=Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义是Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.If条件句混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句与从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间的不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。常见的混合时间是：从句表示过去（用haddone）主句表示现在（would\should\might\could）。If条件句

例如：Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.

如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。

Ifithadrainedlastnight，itwouldbeverycoldtoday.

如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。虚拟条件句的倒装注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。虚拟条件句的倒装例如：Weretheyherenow，theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气适用情况二表说话人的心理状态（建议\命令\愿望\判断等）表达一种说话人的心理状态，比如建议、命令或愿望等。

关键是要理解并记忆为数不多的一些标志词。这些标志词可能是动词、形容词也可能是名词或固定短语。它们共同的特征是表现了说话人的某种心理状态：建议\命令\愿望\判断等。第一类标志词第一类标志词：动词请求或要求：beg，ask，request,require,order,demand,command(命令)，urge(催促)建议：advise,suggest,recommend,move（动议，提议），propose,insist(坚持)愿望：desire,decide(决心)，determine(决心)，prefer（更希望，更愿望）第二类标志词第二类标志词：上述动词的派生词过去分词：asked,requested,required,ordered,demanded,commanded,advised,suggested,proposed,insisted,decided,determined等。名词：suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等。第三类标志词第三类标志词：特殊的形容词表吃惊：surprising,astonishing，amazing表正常：natural，normal，proper，strange，odd，unusual表重要：important,necessary，essential，vital，urgent表“可…”：advisable，desirable，preferable注意主句所带的从句：宾语从句，主语从句或同位语从句、表语从句

should+动词原形（do\be）或省略should的形式，体现虚拟语气。由此可见，考生并不一定需要分清从句的类型，只要能够“慧眼识词”，就可以了。注意a.“should+动词原形（do\be）或省略should”

结构的否定形式为：

Shouldnotdo\be或notdo\beb.无论主句是什么样的时态，从句中都用“should+动词原形（do\be）或省略should”形式，即从句不受主句时态的影响。标志词带主语从句1.标志词带主语从句

Itissuggestedthatthemeetingnotbeputoff.ItisnecessarythatyoungpeopleshouldlearnEnglish.Itisnaturalthateveryonewanttolivebetter.Itispreferablethateachclubmembercomeupwithhisownsolutiontotheproblem.标志词带宾语从句2.标志词带宾语从句

Hisfatherurgedthathestudymedicine.Heinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.Theinstructionsaskthatwenottakemorethreetabletsatonce.Wedesirethatthetourleaderinformusimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.标志词带宾语从句，注意：suggest,insist

用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错：Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

标志词带表语从句例如：Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Theprofessor’sadvicewasthatNathanrevisehispaperagain.标志词带同位语从句例如：Thecaptaingavehisorderthatallofusabandontheshipatonce.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.虚拟语气适用情况三

一、特殊词wish的用法

Wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不大可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：特殊词wish的用法宾语从句的谓语形式

用法过去时did表现在未实现的愿望过去完成时haddone表过去未实现的愿望过去将来时would\should\might\coulddo表示将来不大可能实现的愿望特殊词wish的用法例如：IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Itis(high\about)timethat…Itis(high\about)timethat…

that从句中用did或should+动词原形，should不可省略。

Itis（high\about）timethatthechildrenwenttobed.=Itis(high\about)timethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.ifonly表示“如果……就好了”ifonly后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时did；如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时haddone。例如：Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.IfonlyIwererich.Asif&Asthoughasif，asthough引出的与事实不符的状语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示对现在情况的模拟，用过去完成式表示对过去情况的虚拟。例如：Themoonshinesbrightly,asifitgaveofflightbyitself.Iwashorrifiedathisappearance.Helookedasthoughhehadn’tsleptforweeks.含蓄虚拟结构例如：WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou？

=WhatwouldIhavedoneifIhadnotbeenwithyou.这里，withoutyou就是一个“含蓄虚拟结构”。含蓄虚拟结构请特别注意下面句子中的“含蓄虚拟结构”：

Inhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.=IfIwereinhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.Butfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.=Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.含蓄虚拟结构Butforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.=Ifitwerenotforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.Butthatthedoctorarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.=Ifthedoctorhadn’tarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.

（注意：Butthat+从句，从句不用虚拟，而是主句用虚拟。）含蓄虚拟结构Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.

=IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.=Ifwehadknownhistelephonenumber,wewouldhavetelephonedhim.例题解析例1.【03】It’surgentthatameeting____beforethefinaldecisionismade.A.willbearrangedB.mustbearrangedC.bearrangedD.wouldbearranged例题解析例2.【04】_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.IfheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken精选练习1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you___sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot2.It’shightimewe__________tothetheater.A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went3.It’sstrangethatthey_____nothingaboutthismatter.A.knowB.wouldknowC.knowsD.knew精选练习4.Hesuggestswe___tothecinemaatonce,otherwisewewillbelate.A.mustgoB.goC.willgoD.wouldgo5.Thegeneralorderedthatthethief_______.A.bepunishedB.wouldpunishC.wouldbepunishedD.shouldpunish6.IfonlyI______howtooperateacomputerasyoudo!A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew精选练习7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken8.Thechairmanrequestedthat________.A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullyB.theproblemsweremorecarefullystudiedC.theproblemscouldbestudiedwithmorecareD.themembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully9.IfI__you,I__moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay精选练习10.Wecannotimaginewhatourworld___likewithoutelectricpower.A.isB.willbeC.wouldbeD.hasbeen11.Therewasahalfsmileonhisfacewhichsuggestedthathe___happytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.A.wasB.shouldbeC.wouldbeD.hasbeen12.Weallagreedtohersuggestionthatwe___totheGreatWallforsightseeing.A.willgoB.goC.shallgoD.shouldhavegone精选练习13.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____nothingwrongand____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset14.Withoutyourhelp,I_____theexamlastterm.A.failedin