高中英语必修三之名词性从句

Grammarandusage名词性从句NounClauses2024/3/21高考链接2024/3/22Justhaveago.Canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentencefrom07NMET?1.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof______youread.〔2007上海春〕A.that B.what C.which D.whether2.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake________itis.〔2007天津〕A.whatB.whichC.howD.where3.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.〔2007浙江〕A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why2024/3/234.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.〔2007安徽〕A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;thatD./;that5.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.〔2007北京〕A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before2024/3/246.Itisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.〔2007福建〕A.howB.whatC.which D.when7.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.〔2007湖南〕A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where2024/3/25CanyoudistinguishTHAT-CLAUSEinthetwosentences?1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.

2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.2024/3/26在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词从句2024/3/27Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语表语

{2024/3/28

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语同位语

{2024/3/29

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主语从句宾语从句Practice2024/3/2103.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表语从句同位语从句2024/3/211Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位语从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)2024/3/2121

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主语从句2024/3/213为防止主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”

isusedas

emptysubject形式主语2024/3/214It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…

很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reportedthat…

据说/据报道……Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧......It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge

(众所周知)/

acommonsaying

(俗话说)

that…在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句2024/3/215宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow宾语从句连词2024/3/216当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

注意1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句2024/3/217

在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

it

clear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcome

andthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留2024/3/218Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’s

whyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。作用：对主语进行解释说明。表语从句2024/3/219连接词when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词2024/3/220同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.同位语从句2024/3/2211.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2024/3/2224.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.2024/3/223DotheExercise2024/3/224分析以下宾语从句中的连词Idon’tdoubt〔that〕youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if〔是否〕在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。引导名词从句的关联词连接词2024/3/225一、名词性从句的语序〔1〕名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名词性从句考点归纳b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分2024/3/226(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？

FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()2024/3/227二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。2024/3/228that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat2024/3/229

a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

e.介词后的宾语从句

f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.

g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.if和whether的选用不能使用if的情况：2024/3/230

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether2024/3/231其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、

how

等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。

2024/3/232我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwhere2024/3/233that可省略的情况：

that不可省略的情况：

主语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

用it做形式宾语的宾语从句

并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的

引导词that不能省略引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略2024/3/2341.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)2024/3/2351.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用

三、同位语从句的引导和辨别n.+连接词+从句fact,idea,

news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。2024/3/2361.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how2024/3/2371.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，说明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。同位语从句和定语从句的区别2024/3/238Weexpressedthehope

thattheyhadexpressed.2.Weexpressedthehope

thattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositive2024/3/239HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略

2024/3/240a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。

Hebelieves_______________________________.

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。

Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday

宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoing2024/3/241他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。

Hetoldme________________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。

Hetoldme_________________________________.

老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。

Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexamination

hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。

2024/3/2421.Thereason_____wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthat2024/3/2432024/3/2441.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer2024/3/2454.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which2024/3/2467.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because2024/3/24710.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif2024/3/24812.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon2024/3/24914.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what2024/3/25016.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif2024/3/25118.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what2024/3/2521.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.what