托福核心词汇

目录词缀表001词汇注解表010词语附录127词汇量测试129

词缀表前缀a-,an-非，没有，缺少atypically不典型地anarchy无政府，无政府状态ab-离开，不abnormal不正常的，变态的abuse滥用，妄用anti-反对antimatter反物质antiwar反战的auto-自己做的autocriticism自我批评autoland自动着陆be-使，有befriend以朋友态度对待belittle贬低bi-二，双，两倍biform二形的bimonthly双月的bio-生命，生物biochemistry生物化学biosphere生物圈centi-百分之一centigrade百分度的centimeter厘米co-,col-,com-,con-,cor-共同，一起coauthor合著者concentric同中心的collocation并置compassion同情correlation相互关系counter-,contra-反对，相对，相反contranatural违反自然的counterattack反攻de-非，相反，除去，减少denationalize非国有化decode解码di-二，二倍，二重diphthong双元音dilemma进退两难dif-,dis-否认，相反difference不同，差异disagree不同意en-,em-使成为，使处于…状态endanger危害embody表达eu-好，优eugenics优生学eulogy颂词，颂德文euthanasia安乐死e-,ex-以前的，前任的ex-minister前任部长ex-wife前妻extra-超出，在…之外extracurricular课外的extraordinary非常的fore-预先，前，在前面的foreleg前腿forefinger食指forewarn预先警告hetero-异，杂heterosexual异性恋的heterogeneous不同的，异类的homo-同一homosexuality同性恋的homographs同形异义词hydro-水hydrotherapy水疗法hydrocarbons碳氢化合物hyper-过度的hypersensitive过敏的hyperactive极度活泼的hypo-低于正常的，过少的hypothermia低体温hypotension低血压hypothesis假说il-,im-,in-,ir-不，非，无inability无能imbalance不平衡illegal不合法的irregular不规那么的inter-,intra-,intro-互相，在…之间interchange交换international国际的intercity城市间的introspect内省kilo-千kilometer千米，公里kilogram千克，公斤macro-大的，宏观的macroeconomics宏观经济学macrostructure宏观结构micro-极小的microwave微波microcomputer微型计算机mal-坏，不良，不当malfunction功能障碍maltreat虐待mid-中间midday中午midnight午夜mini-极小的，极短的minibus小公共汽车miniskirt超短裙mis-坏，不当misjudge错误地判断misunderstand误解mono-单一monoplane单翼机monotone单调multi-多multipurpose多用途的multistory多层的neo-新，新型的neoclassical新古典主义neocolonialism新殖民主义non-无，非，不non-metal非金属non-resident非定居的out-超越，超过，胜过outlive比…活得长outnumber在数量上超过over-过分，在…上面，额外的overhead在头顶上overpopulation人口过剩poly-多polycentric多中心的polydirectional多方向的post-在…之后postgraduate研究生的postwar战后的pre-在…之前prepay预付prewar战前的pseudo-假，伪pseudomemory记忆错误pseudoscience伪科学re-回复，再repay归还reuse重复使用semi-半，局部的semicircle半圆semifinal半决赛sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sup-,sur-下，在…之下，次，次要subsection分部succinct简洁的suffocate使窒息，闷死suggest建议，提出，使联想suppress镇压surrogate代理人sym-,syn-,syl-,sys-同sympathy同感，共鸣，同情synchronism同时发生，同时性syllogism三段论法，演绎法system系统，体系，制度tele-远距离telescreen电视屏幕teleswitch遥控开关thermo-热thermochemistry热化学thermometer温度计trans-,tra-横越transatlantic横越大西洋的traverse横过，横贯tri-三trangle三角形tricycle三轮摩托车ultra-超过ultramodern超现代化的ultrasound超声波un-不unfortunately不幸的unimportant不重要的under-过少，在…下面underdevelopment欠兴旺undersea海底的uni-单一unidirectional单向的uniserial单列的vice-副vice-chairman副主席vice-president副总统后缀名词后缀-ability,-ibilityacceptability可接受性flexibility柔韧性-agepostage邮资shrinkage缩水-alarrival到达refusal拒绝-an,-ian,-arianPuritan清教徒librarian图书管理员musician音乐家-ance,-enceappearance出现reference参考-ancy,-encyemergency紧急情况expectancy期待-ant,-entservant仆人student学生-cratdemocrat民主主义者technocrat技术专家官员-cyaccuracy准确性bankruptcy破产-domfreedom自由kingdom王国-eeabsentee缺席者employee雇员-eerauctioneer拍卖商profiteer谋取暴利者-er,-or,-arpainter画家conductor导体beggar乞丐-erybravery勇敢cookery烹调法-eseChinese汉语，中国人Japanese日语，日本人-essactress女演员lioness母狮-fulhandful一把的量spoonful一匙的量-hoodchildhood童年likelihood可能性-icselectronics电子学linguistics语言学-ingpainting油画lining衬里-ion,-ition,-ationcollection收集composition作文observation观察-ismheroism英雄主义socialism社会主义-istsocialist社会主义者violinist小提琴家-ity,-tycruelty残忍purity纯洁-letbooklet小册子piglet小猪-mentmovement运动retirement退休-nessdarkness黑暗happiness幸福-ologyfuturology未来学musicology音乐研究-rywizardry魔术bravery勇敢-shipfriendship友谊partnership伙伴关系-sion,-ssiondecision决定expansion膨胀-steryoungster年轻人gangster歹徒-ureclosure关闭exposure暴露动词后缀-endeepen加深fasten扎牢-ifyclassify分类simplify简化-ize,-isemodernize现代化popularize普及形容词后缀-able,-iblesuitable适宜的admissible许可进入的-aleducational教育的natural自然的-an,-arian,-iansuburban郊区的disciplinarian执行纪律者Canadian加拿大的-ant,-entresultant作为结果而发生的different不同的-ary,-orycustomary习惯的advisory忠告的-ateconsiderate考虑周到的fortunate幸运的-edwarm-hearted热心的bearded胡子拉碴的-engolden金质的wooden木制的-eseChinese中国的，汉语的Japanese日本的，日语的-freecarefree无忧无虑的troublefree平安无事的-fulcareful小心的painful痛疼的-ic,-icalatomic原子的biological生物学的-ishgirlish女孩子似的reddish稍带红色的-iteopposite相反的infinite无限的，极大的-ivecreative有创造力的supportive支持的-lesshopeless没有希望的jobless事业的-likechildlike孩子般的ladylike贵妇人似的-lymanly具有男子气概的monthly每月的-ous,-eous,-iousdangerous危险地righteous公正的，正值的spacious宽敞的-somequarrelsome喜欢吵架的troublesome使人烦恼的-warddownward向下的homeward回家的-wiseotherwise另外的likewise同样的-yhairy多毛的noisy喧闹的副词后缀-lyeasily容易的quickly迅速的-ward,-wardsnorthward向北地upwards向上地-wiseotherwise另外clockwise顺时针方向

词汇表注解abdomenn.〔人体的〕腹部[synonym]bellyMEANING:themiddlepartofthebodycontainingthestomachandbowelsTYPICALUSE:Thepregnantwomanhasanenlargedabdomen那位有身孕的妇人有增大的下腹。bereavev.剥夺MEANING:depriveruthlessly;rob;takeawayTYPICALUSE:Thelosthikerswerebereftofhopewhentherescueplanedidnotseethem.当救援的飞机没有看到他们时，那些迷路的徒步者丧失了希望。consecratev.使神圣，奉献[synonym]devoteMEANING:devotetosomespecialuse,makeholyorsacredTYPICALUSE:Thisbattlefieldisconsecratetothememoryofthesoldierswhodiedhere.这战场被视为圣地以纪念死于该处的战士。evokev.唤起[synonym]invokeMEANING:bringout,callforth,causetoappearTYPICALUSE:Agoodjokedoesnotnecessarilyevokeaheartylaugh.好笑话不一定让人大笑。grooven.沟，槽[synonym]furrowMEANING:alongnarrowchannelorfurrow,corrugation,rutTYPICALUSE:Wheelsleftgroovesinamuddydirtroad.车轮在泥泞的路上留下痕迹。joltv.摇动，使颠簸[synonym]joggleMEANING:shakeroughly,shakewithsuddenjerksTYPICALUSE:Theoldcarjolteditspassengersbadlyasitwentovertheroughroad.那旧车子走过崎岖的道路时，很厉害的颠簸着它的乘客。obsoleteadj.过时的[synonym]antiquatedMEANING:nolongerinuse,outofdateTYPICALUSE:Bowingtogreetaladyisnowanobsoletecustom.现在用鞠躬来欢送女士已是过时的习俗。prowln.潜行以寻觅或偷窃[synonym]roveMEANING:wanderaboutquietlyandsecretlyinsearchofsomething,strollTYPICALUSE:Manywildanimalsprowlatnightlookingforsomethingtoeat.许多野兽在夜间巡行以找寻食物。scoopv.掘挖[synonym]shovelMEANING:digout,hollowoutTYPICALUSE:Thechildrenscoopedholesinthesand孩子们挖沙坑。statusn.状况[synonym]situationMEANING:stateorconditionofaffairs,position,standing,stageTYPICALUSE:Diplomatsareinterestedinthestatusofworldaffairs.外交家关心世界局势。suev.起诉，控告[synonym]indictMEANING:startalawcaseagainst,appealto,charge,impeachTYPICALUSE:Thefarmersuedtherailroadstationbecausehiscowwaskilledbythetrain.那位农夫因为他的牛被火车压死而控告火车站。Test:1.Thecounterofthesinkhasmany_____alongwiththewaterwillrunoff.2.Thecat_____aroundthecellarlookingformice.3.Weallsympathizedwiththehusbandwhowas_____ofhisbelovedwife.4.Hersinging_____admirationfromthepublic.5.Westillusethismachinethoughitis_____.Answers:1.grooves2.prowled3.bereaved4.evoked5.obsolete*****************************************************************************banditn.强盗，土匪[synonym]brigandMEANING:ahighwaymanorrobber,especiallyoneofagang,outlawTYPICALUSE:ThebanditinatypicalWesternmovieridesahorseandgoesarmed,eitheraloneorinagroup.在典型的西部片中，土匪单独或成群结队骑马且全副武装。commemoratev.纪念，庆祝[synonym]celebrateMEANING:honorthememoryof,observeTYPICALUSE:ChristmascommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist.圣诞节是庆祝耶酥基督的诞生。defilev.弄脏，弄污[synonym]infectMEANING:makedirtyorimpure,pollute,sullyTYPICALUSE:Thechildren’smuddyshoesdefiledalltherugsinthehotel.孩子们泥泞的鞋子弄脏了旅社所有的地毯。deviationn.偏离，偏差MEANING:turingaside,divergence,detourTYPICALUSE:Runninginthehallisadeviationfromtheschoolrulesandwillnotbeallowed.在走廊上奔跑是违反校规且不被允许的。fortituden.坚忍[synonym]enduranceMEANING:courageinfacingpain,danger,ortrouble,firmnessofspiritTYPICALUSE:Shecouldbearthedisappointmentsofotherpeoplewithtolerablefortitude.她能够毅然忍受他人给她的失望。inconsolableadj.伤心的[synonym]depressedMEANING:nottobecomforted,broken-heartedTYPICALUSE:Thelittelgirlwasinconsolableatthelossofherkitten.那小女孩因失去她的小猫而伤心不已。nibblevi.细咬[synonym]biteMEANING:eatawaywithquick,smallbitesasarabbitoramousedoesTYPICALUSE:Aren’tyouhungry?Youareonlynibblingyourfood.你不饿吗，你只是在轻咬你的食物。pageantn.壮观[synonym]exhibitionMEANING:anelaboratespectacle,expositionTYPICALUSE:Thecoronationofthenewkingwasasplendidpageant.新王的加冕典礼非常壮观。scourgen.引起灾害的事物或人[synonym]disasterMEANING:somethingorsomeonewhichcausesgreattroubleormisfortuneTYPICALUSE:Afterthescourgeoffloodusuallycomesthescourgeofdisease.洪水之后往往有瘟疫发生。tumblev.跌落，跌倒[synonym]fallMEANING:falltotheground,fallsuddenlyandviolentlyTYPICALUSE:Thecrippledchildtumbleddownthestairsandwasbadlyhurt.那破脚的小孩从楼梯上跌下来，受伤很重。Test:1.Theironintheshipcauseda〔an〕_____ofthemagneticneedleofthecompass.2.Amarathonrunnermusthavegreat_____torunsuchalongdistance.3.Theprettygirl’sreputationwas_____bymaliciousgossips.4.Theboyisjustlearningtowalk,heisalways_____overthefloor.5.TheinaugurationceremonyofthenewPresidentwasasplendid_____.Answers:1.deviation2.fortitude3.defiled4.tumbling5.pageant*****************************************************************************afflictv.折磨[synonym]distressMEANING:causepainto,troubleverymuch,sicken,ailTYPICALUSE:Therearemanyillnesseswhichafflictoldpeople.老人为许多病症而痛苦。censurev.谴责[synonym]blameMEANING:expressanunfavorableopinion,reprove,reproachTYPICALUSE:Hisemployercensuredhimforneglectinghiswork.他的老板责难他轻视工作。dissimulationn.假装，掩饰[synonym]deceptionMEANING:theactofdeceit,hypocrisy,pretention,makebelieveTYPICALUSE:Thethiefintrudedintothehousewithcautionanddissimulation.窃贼小心掩饰地闯入屋内。flogv.重打，鞭笞[synonym]spankMEANING:beatorwhiphard,paddle,caneTYPICALUSE:Nowadays,itisaninhumanepunishmenttoflogthedisobedientsoldiersorsailers.先进，鞭笞不服从的兵士或水手是不人道的惩罚。inscriptionn.题字，铭刻[synonym]captionMEANING:somethingwritenonamonument,coin,etc,heading,epigraphTYPICALUSE:Accordingtotheinscriptiononitscornerstone,thisbuildingwaserectedin1919.根据基石上的碑铭，这栋建筑物建于1919年。meddlev.干预或扰乱他人之事[synonym]interveneMEANING:touchunnecessarily,interfere,buttinTYPICALUSE:Thegiftsofcharitymeddledwithagentleman’sprivateaffair.慈善礼物干扰一位绅士的私事。posturen.人体的姿势[synonym]attitudeMEANING:Thepositionofthebody,wayofholdingthebody,demeanorTYPICALUSE:Hedoesn’tsitstraight,hispostureisverybad.他坐得不正，他的姿势很糟糕。rummagev.翻寻，寻找[synonym]ransackMEANING:searchthoroughlybymovingthingsabout,searchTYPICALUSE:Johnrummagedallthedrawerstofindhisgloves.约翰为了寻找他的手套，翻遍了所有的抽屉。spoutv.喷出，涌出[synonym]pourMEANING:comeorsendoutsuddenlyinastream,eject,exudeTYPICALUSE:Thewaterspoutedoutwhenthepipewasbroken.当水管破裂时，水快速地喷出来。traversev.跨越[synonym]intersectMEANING:passacross,overorthrough,cutacross,bisectTYPICALUSE:Theclimbertraversedalonghorizontalcrackinthefaceofthemountainslope.登山者横过山表斜坡上的水平裂缝。wistfuladj.渴望的[synonym]yearningMEANING:wishful,longing,desirous,wantfulTYPICALUSE:Achildstoodlookingwithwistfuleyesatthetoysintheshopwindow.小孩站在橱窗前渴望地看着那些玩具。Test:1.Hewas_____hishorseinaverycruelway.2.She_____changeformthebotomofherpurse.3.Thelawdoesnot_____undulywithaperson’tprivatelife.4.Thelights_____theskysearchingforenemyplanes.5.The_____ontheancientmonumentwasveryhardtoread.Answers:1.flogging2.rummaged3.meddle4.traversed5.inscription*****************************************************************************amicableadj.友善的[synonym]amiableMEANING:havingorshowingafriendlyattitude,affable,agreeableTYPICALUSE:Theamicableflashofherwhiteteethwasveryimpressive.她友善地露齿一笑，给人很深刻的印象。blizzardn.暴风雪[synonym]snowstormMEANING:alongseveresnowfallTYPICALUSE:Thesoldiersareveryexhaustedfortheyhaveadvancedforwardwithoutrestinablizzard.士兵们精疲力倦，因为他们在暴风雪中没有休息地继续前进。cruisev.巡航[synonym]voyageMEANING:sailortravelaboutfromplacetoplaceonpleasureorbusinessTYPICALUSE:IfIwererich,IwouldliketocruiseintheSouthernPacificforsixmonthsinaprivateyacht.假设我有钱的话，我要乘私人游艇在南太平洋上航行六个月。eradicatev.铲除，歼灭[synonym]extirpateMEANING:getridofentirely,destroycomplterly,annihilate,uprootTYPICALUSE:YellowfeverhasbeeneradicatedintheUnitedStatesbutitstillexitsinsomecountries.黄热病在美国已经铲除绝迹，但在一些国家却依然存在。glimmern.微光[synonym]gleamMEANING:afaint,unsteadylight,glow,flickerTYPICALUSE:Thedoctor’sreportgaveusonlyaglimmerofhope.医生的报告仅给我们一丝的希望。lumpn.堆，团[synonym]blockMEANING:amassofsomethingsolidwithoutaspecialsizeorshape,bumpTYPICALUSE:Onhisdesk,manyarticlesanddocumentsarealwayspiledingreatlump.在他的桌上,许多东西和文件总是被准成一大维。ransackv.细细搜索[synonym]rummageMEANING:searchthoroughlythrough,scourTYPICALUSE:Thewomanransackedthehouseforherlostjewelry.那女人仔细搜察房屋以找寻遗失约珠宝。slashv.〔以刀、剑等〕砍[synonym]gashMEANING:makelong,quickcutswithsomethingsharpTYPICALUSE:Heslashedapaththroughthehighgrasswithalongknife.他用一把长的刀子在高的草丛中开辟一条小径。slumpv.陷，猛然落下[synonym]depressMEANING:droporfallheavilyorsuddenlyTYPICALUSE:Outfeetslumpedrepeatedlythroughthemeltingice.经过融化的冰时,我们的脚一再地陷落。voguen.时尚，流行[synonym]fashionMEANING:popularityoracceptance,modeTYPICALUSE:Thatpop-songhadagreatvogueatonetime.那首通俗歌曲有一阵子非常流行。Test:1.Enemysoldiers_____thecityandcarriedoffitstreasures.2.Tiredfromhislongwalk,he_____intoachair.3.Wesawthe_____ofadistantlightthoughthetrees.4.Heusedtohaveagreat_____asafilmactor,butnoonegoestothecinimatoseehimnow.5.WhattheIceAgedidwasto_____theabundantmammalianlifeinthenorthernhemisphere.Answers:1.ransacked2.slumped3.glimmer4.vogue5.eradicate*****************************************************************************ascribev.归因于[synonym]attributeMEANING:thinkascausedorcomingfrom,assign〔to〕TYPICALUSE:Heascribeshissucesstoskillandhardwork.他把他的成功归因于熟练和辛苦地工作。bulwarkn.堡垒[synonym]safeguardMEANING:aperson,thing,orideathatisadefenseoraprotection;supportTYPICALUSE:Thesoldierskepttheirheadsdownbehindthebulwark.士兵们保持头低低地在堡垒的后面。dubiousadj.可疑的[synonym]doubtfulMEANING:uncertain;ambiguous;notverygoodorreliableTYPICALUSE:Shelookedaroundthiswayandthatdubliousmanner.她以一种疑心的态度看四周。facetn.〔事情的〕一面[synonym]aspectMEANING:anyofthemanypartsofsubjecttobeconsidered;phaseTYPICALUSE:Selfishnesswasafacetofhischaracterthatweseldomsawbefore.我们以前很少看到他个性中自私的一面。heedn.注意[synonym]attentionMEANING:givecarefulattentionto;takenoticeof;mindTYPICALUSE:Forthefirsttimehehadtopayheedtohisappearance,andinfacthebecameverywell-dressedfromthenon.那是他第一次必须去注意自己的外表，而事实上从那时起他就变得很时髦了。huddlev.挤成一团[synonym]gatherMEANING:crowdclose;pressinamassorheapTYPICALUSE:Theboyshuddledtogetherundertherocktokeepwarm.男孩们缩成一团在石头底下取暖。mumblev.咕哝[synonym]murmurMEANING:speakunclearly;speakinalowtone;mutter;whisperTYPICALUSE:Theoldmanmumbledsomethingtome,butIcouldnotunderstandhim.那老人向我咕哝一些事，但是我不懂他在说什么。relicn.遗迹，遗物[synonym]remainderMEANING:athing,custom,ortheremainsleftfromthepastTYPICALUSE:TheruinedbridgeisarelicoftheKoreanWarin1950.这荒废的桥是1950年朝鲜战争的遗迹。smogn.烟雾[synonym]fumeMEANING:aconbinationofsmokeandfogintheairTYPICALUSE:Automobileexhaustfumesareoneofthemajorcausesofsmog.汽车挤出的烟是造成烟雾的主要原因之一。wayfarern旅人，徒步旅行者[synonym]travellerMEANING:atourist,especiallyonewhotravelsonfoot;journeyerTYPICALUSE:Thethirstywayfarerwasgladtofindafreshspringneartheroad.口干舌燥的旅行者很快乐地发现靠近马路的清凉的喷泉。wontn.习惯[synonym]habitMEANING:habitude;rule;practice;customTYPICALUSE:Healwaysspeekswithhismouthfulloffood,itishiswont.他总是满嘴食物地说话，这是他的习惯。Test:1.Fourpeoplewere_____underoneumbrellatoavoidthesuddenshower.2.Iamfellingbetterthanyesterday,butitis_____thanIcangotoschooltomorrow.3.Nooneknowswhowrotethatplay,butitisusually_____toCyrilTourneur.4.Webelievethatafreepressandfreespeechare_____ofdemocracy.5.Take_____ofwhatIsay,oryouwillfailinthefinalexamination.Answers:1.huddled2.dubious3.ascribed4.bulwarks5.heed*****************************************************************************absolvev.赦免exonerate[synonym]MEANING:freefromsin,guilt,responsibility;exculpate;clearTYPICALUSE:Thejudgeabsolvedthemanofthecrime.法官赦免了他的罪。biasn.偏见[synonym]prejudiceMEANING:learningofthemind;inclination;preconceptionTYPICALUSE:Theumpireshouldhavenobiasinfavorofeitherside.裁判员对两方应不偏不倚。contendv.竞争，辩论[synonym]competeMEANING:struggleagainst;fight;argue;contestTYPICALUSE:Ourbaseballteamiscontendingforthechampionship.我棒球队在争夺冠军。deplorev.悲哀，深悔[synonym]lamentMEANING:beverysorryabout;regretdeeply;mourn;grieveTYPICALUSE:Wedeploretheterribletrafficaccident,inwhich30personswerekilledand50injured.我们对这次可伯的车祸造成30人死亡，50人受伤而悲哀不已。fracturen.挫伤，骨折[synonym]shatterMEANING:abreakorcrack,especiallyofabone;split;splinterTYPICALUSE:Theboyfellfromatreeandsufferedfracturesofhisrightarmandleg.男孩从树上摔下来，造成右手脚骨折。magnituden.大小，量[synonym]bulkMEANING:greatnessofsize,orimportance;extent;massTYPICALUSE:AcrowdofgreatmagnitudeattendedthePresident’sinauguration.大批民众参加总统就职典礼。pithn.精华局部[synonym]essenceMEANING:theimportantoressentialpart,point;marrowTYPICALUSE:Thepithofhisspeechwasfocusedontheimportanceofeducation.他演讲的精华着重于教育的重要性。relishn.胃口，喜好[synonym]zestMEANING:agoodfavor;pleasure;taste;appetite;savor;flavorTYPICALUSE:Ihavenorelishforseeingpeoplebeingwhipped.我不喜欢看别人被鞭苔。sneakv.潜行，行为鬼祟[synonym]lurkMEANING:movesilentlyandsecretly,usuallyforabadpurpose;gostealthilyTYPICALUSE:Tryingnottobeseen,theyquietlysneakedintotheroom.他们为了不被人瞧见，鬼鬼祟祟地进入房间。tidingsn.消息[synonym]informationMEANING:amessage;news;intelligenceTYPICALUSE:Themessengerbroughttidingsfromthebattlefield.报信者带来战场上的消息。Test:1.ThefirstsettlersinAmericahadto_____withunfriendlyIndians.2.A_____ofthelegcanbeveryseriousinoldpeople.3.Mostnewspaperstrynottoshow_____intheirreporting.4.Theysaythathungeristhebest_____forfood.5.Thebookwasaworkofsuch_____thatittook10yearstowrite.Answers:1.contend2.fracture3.bias4.relish5.magnitude*****************************************************************************aghastadj.惊骇的[synonym]astonishedMEANING:filledwithsurprise,horror,orterror;surprisedTYPICALUSE:Manypeoplewouldbeaghastatthethoughtofanotherwar.许多人一想到再打仗就觉得很恐怖。cumbern.阻碍，拖累[synonym]hinderMEANING:troubleorburdenwithsomethinguselessorunnecessaryTYPICALUSE:Weshallnotcumberourthoughtwithhisreproaches.我们不会因为他的谴责，而阻碍到我们的想法。decreev.法令，命令[synonym]determineMEANING:giveanorder;toorderorsettlebyauthority;decideTYPICALUSE:Thecitygovernmentdecreedthatalldogsmustbelicensed.市政府颁令所有的狗都必须有牌照。frolicv.嬉戏，作乐[synonym]friskMEANING:playingayandlivelymanner;playaboutjoyouslyTYPICALUSE:Thechildrenwerefrolicingwiththepuppyinthebackyard.小孩们和小狗在后院玩耍。intercoursen.交往，交通[synonym]relationMEANING:connection;communication,transactionsTYPICALUSE:TherewasmuchcommercialintercoursebetweenthetwocontriesbeforeWorldWarTwo.第二次大战前，这两国有许多商业往来。menacen./vt.威胁[synonym]intimidationMEANING:somethingthatthreatens;threatTYPICALUSE:Indryweatherforestfiresareagreatmenace.枯燥的天气下森林火灾是一大威胁。precipicen.悬崖[synonym]cliffMEANING:averysteepclifforslope;cragorsteepmountainsideTYPICALUSE:Iwasstandingontheveryedgeofabank,aprecipicenotlessthanfiftyfeetdeep.我站在海岸的最边缘,一个不低于50英尺深的悬崖。sanctuaryn.圣堂，神殿[synonym]shrineMEANING:asacredplace;atempleTYPICALUSE:Thechurchisgenerrallyconsideredasasanctuary.教堂通常被认为是神圣的地方。sproutv.长出，发芽[synonym]growMEANING:begintogrow;shootforthTYPICALUSE:Afteralightspringrain,leavesbegantosproutfromtrees.一场小小的春雨后，树木开始长出新芽。treadv.行走于[synonym]trampleMEANING:setthefootdown;walkorsteponTYPICALUSE:Shetrodlightlyinordernottowakethesleepingbaby.她轻手轻脚地走，以免吵醒睡梦中的婴儿。Test:1.Theyhave_____thatalltheconflictsbetweencountriesshouldend.2.Afterashowerameadow_____withtheyellowbudsofdandelion.3.Thegunman_____himwiththeweaponsandforcedhimtogiveuphismoney.4.Myfriend’ssuggestionthatweshouldrunawayfromhomeleftmysister_____.5.Airplanes,goodroadsandtelephonesmake_____withdifferentpartsofthecountryfareasierthanitwas50yearsago.Answers:1.decreed2.sprouts3.menaced4.aghast5.intercourse*****************************************************************************ammunitionn.弹药，军火[synonym]bulletsMEANING:suppliesofwhatisneededforfiringguns;cartridgeTYPICALUSE:Thesoldiersstillhadtheirgunsbuttheywereoutofammunition.士兵们空有枪炮却无弹药。dotingadj.过于喜爱的，溺爱的[synonym]fondMEANING:foolishlyfond;toofond;lovingblindlyTYPICALUSE:Adotingmotheralienatesherhusbandbylavishingtoomuchloveontheirchild.溺爱孩子的母亲给孩子们太多的爱，以至于和丈夫疏远了。engrossvt.使全神贯注[synonym]absorbMEANING:occupywholly;fillupcompletely;takeupattentionofTYPICALUSE:Theartistwassoengrossedinhispaintingthathedidn’tnoticethepeoplewatchinghim.艺术家太专注于作画，以至于没注意别人们在看他。gushn.涌出，倾流[synonym]flowMEANING:arushofwaterorotherliquidfromanenclosedplace;streamTYPICALUSE:Ifyougotadeepcutinyourarm,there’susuallyagushofblood.假使你的手臂有很深的割伤,通常会有鲜血涌出。insuperableadj.不能超越的，不能克服的[synonym]unconquerableMEANING:toodifficulttobeconqueredorpassed;unbeatableTYPICALUSE:Thedeepriverwasaninsuperablebarriertothosewhocouldnotswim.对不会游泳的人来说，这条深河是无法超越的障碍。ordealn.残酷的考验[synonym]trialMEANING:aseveretestorexperience;tribulationTYPICALUSE:Herlifehasbeenfullofordealssickness,poverty,andlossofherbelovedson.她生命坎坷，病痛，贫穷，又失去了她最亲爱的儿子。pouchn.小袋，囊[synonym]sackMEANING:abag;asmallbagattachedinthepocket;pokeTYPICALUSE:Hekepthistobaccoinaleatherpouchfastenedtothebelt.烟草放在系在腰带上的皮囊中。screechv.尖叫，哭[synonym]shriekMEANING:giveasharp,highscream;cry;shrillTYPICALUSE:Thebrakesscreechedandthecarsuddenlystoppedwithajerk.刹车尖响一下，车顿然停下。staturen.身材，身长[synonym]heightMEANING:theheightofapersonorthing;elevation;altitudeTYPICALUSE:Amanwhoissixfeettallisabovetheaveragestatureinchina.在中国,一个人身高六英尺是超乎一般人的身高。underminev.暗中破坏MEANING:digbeneath;towearawaytheearthbeneath,removingsupportTYPICALUSE:1.ThePrisident’senemiesarespreadingillrumorstounderminehisauthority.总统的敌人在散布谣言来暗中破坏他的威信。2.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationwereunderminedbyfloods.自从房基被洪水损毁后，房子很不平安。Test:1.Somepeopletriedto_____thechairman’sinfluencebyspreadingillrumorsabouthim.2.Hehearda〔an〕_____ofangerfromtheoldwoman’sroom.3.Hewasso_____inhisworkthathecompletelyforgetthetime.4.Theboywassocourageousthatheovercameevery_____difficultyandbecametheleaderofhistribe.5.AftertheKoreanWar,theKoreanspassedthroughterrible_____.Answers:1.undermine2.screech3.engrossed4.insuperable5.ordeals*****************************************************************************assessv.评估，估价[synonym]appraiseMEANING:estimatethevalueofproperty;value〔at〕TYPICALUSE:Damagedsfromlastweek’sfloodhavebeenassessedat$50,000.上星期的洪水所造成的损失速数目估计为五万元。chambern.立法或司法团体[synonym]roomMEANING:ahallforthemeetingsofadeliberative,legislative,orjudicialbodyTYPICALUSE:ThecongressoftheUnitedStateshastwochambers;theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.美国国会分为参议院和众议院。disdainv.鄙视，轻视[synonym]despiseMEANING:treatwithcontempt;lookdownon;scorn;contemptTYPICALUSE:Nowthatsheisrich,shedisdaintospeaktoheroldfriends.现在她富有了，不屑跟她的老朋友讲话。espyvt.看到[synonym]observeMEANING:catchsightof;seeatadistanceTYPICALUSE:OnedayRobinsonCrusoeespiedafootprintonthesand.有一天鲁滨逊克鲁索看到沙上有一个脚印。glossyadj.有光泽的[synonym]sleekMEANING:smoothandshiny;polished;slick;burnished;sheenyTYPICALUSE:Thebeautifulglossycoatofthecatshoneasitlayinsunlight.小猫躺在太阳光下时，她那美丽光滑的毛闪闪发光。janitorn.守门人[synonym]doormanMEANING:adoorkeeperorporter;caretaker;gatekeeperTYPICALUSE:Thejanitorsweptthefloorsandlockedupthebuildingeverynight.看门员每晚拖地和锁门。packetn.包裹〔邮件等的〕一捆[synonym]parcelMEANING:asmallbundle;packageTYPICALUSE:Sheboughtapacketofenvelopsatthestationerystore.她在文具店买了一捆信封。pulpitn.〔教堂的〕讲台[synonym]lecternMEANING:aplatformorraisedstructureinachurchfromwhichtheministerpreaches;deskTYPICALUSE:TheeloquentandornatecarvingonachurchpulpitwasdonebyIndianHand.教堂讲台上生动而华美的雕刻是印第安人的手笔。scorchv.烧焦；使枯萎[synonym]singeMEANING:1.burnthesurfaceof;parch2.dryup;witherTYPICALUSE:1.Themeatwasblackandscorchedoutsidebutstillrawinside.那块肉外表焦黑，但里面仍是生的。2.Thegrassisscorchedbysomuchhotsunshineinsummer.夏天阳光强烈，以至于草地枯萎。surgev.汹涌[synonym]riseMEANING:riseandfallasashipdoesonthewavesTYPICALUSE:Theshipsurgedinthestormyseas,rollingandpitchingwitheachwave.大船在暴风雨的海上随波浪起伏。utensiln.器皿，用具[synonym]implementMEANING:aninstrumentanythingusefulforaparticularpurpose;toolTYPICALUSE:Pots,pansandkettlesareusefulkitchenutensil.罐子，盘子和水壶是有用的厨房用具。Test:1.Itiswrongto_____amanmerelybecausehehasnomoney.2.Thisisthedeath_____wheremurdererswaittobeputtodeath.3.Thecommitteemetto_____theideaofestablishinganewcollegeschool.4.She_____myshirtbysettingtheirontoohighforthefabric.5.Sheturnedaroundjustintimeto_____anoldfrienddisappearinthecrowd.Answers:1.disdain2.chamber3.assess4.scorched5.espy*****************************************************************************bayonetn.刺刀[synonym]daggerMEANING:aknifeordaggerthatmaybefixedtotheendofarifle;dirkTYPICALUSE:Whenthesoldiersranoutofammunition,theyfixedbayonetstotheirrifles.当士兵们用完了弹药时，就把刺刀上膛。compassionn.怜悯，同情[synonym]sympathyMEANING:sorrowforthesufferingofothers;pity;mercy;clemencyTYPICALUSE:Compassionfortheorphanscausedhimtogivemoneyfortheirsurpport.因同情孤儿使他拿出钱来资助他们。detainv.阻止，拘留[synonym]retardMEANING:1.preventapersonfromgoingaway;delay2.holdasaprisoner;confineTYPICALUSE:1.Lazyboyssometimesaredetainedatschooltoextraworkafterordinarylessonsare