上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷（含答案解析）

2023学年第一学期高一年级学业质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，满分150分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部。全卷共12页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方粘贴条形码并填写考生号及姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Toys.B.Sweets.C.Storybooks.D.Oranges.2.A.10dollars.B.25dollars.C.30dollars.D.35dollars.3.A.Takeasubway.B.Takeabus.C.Takeataxi.D.Rideabicycle.4.A.8:30.B.8:40.C.9:00.D.9:10.5.A.Ashopassistant.B.Apoliceman.C.Ashoemaker.D.Awaiter.6.A.Underthetable.B.Onthemagazine.C.Neartheglassbottle.D.Onthediningtable.7.A.Interesting.B.Moving.C.DisappointingD.Scaring.8.A.Inabank.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.D.Inabookstore.9.A.Buyafootball.B.Practicefootball.C.Gotothelibrary.D.Finishherworkathome.10.A.Hefeelsalittlebitill.B.Heistiredoftheflighttrip.C.Hewillbeanexchangestudentsoon.D.Heisgoingtochecktheflightnumber.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Asecond-handbicycle.B.Foodanddrinks.C.Mentaltreatment.D.Abiketour.12.A.Askinglocalpeoplefordonations.B.Providingmorebike-ridinglessons.C.Offeringfreeroadtripstonewcomers.D.Invitingnewcomerstojoinlocalbikeclubs.13.A.Itisasportsclub.B.Itisatravelagency.C.Itisachainsupermarket.D.Itisacharityorganization.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14A.Forfarmerstocelebratetheharvest.B.Forvisitorstobuyvariousgrains.C.Forofficialstomakemoneyeverysummer.D.Forpeopletoshareideasandpresentbestproducts.15.A.Observethebirthofacow.B.Knowaboutfunproducts.C.Learnaboutunfamiliarplants.D.Enjoyinterestingperformances.16.A.Becausetheypromotestateinteraction.B.Becausetheybenefittheentertainmentindustry.C.Becausefarmerscanpricetheirownproducts.D.Becausepeoplecanberemindedoftheroleoftheearth.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Lightblue.B.Darkgrey.C.Purewhite.D.Lightyellow.18.A.Toreducecosts.B.Tomakethemostofspace.C.Tosuitthefurniture.D.Tohavebiggershelves.19.A.Walllights.B.Abigsofa.C.Acoffeemachine.D.Classicalpaintings.20.A.Howtobuyqualityfurniture.B.Howtoadjustthedecorationplan.C.Howtobecomemorefashionable.D.Howtodecorateanoldhouse.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitstheblank.Pastaandpizzawereoneveryone’slunchmenuinmynativelandofItaly.Everyonewhohadsuchalunchwaswhiteand_____1_____(speak)Italian.Afewyearslater,asIstoodinthelunchlinewithmykindergartenclassinaschoolinBrooklyn,Irealizedthingshadbecomecomplex.Myclassmatesincludedkidswithpaleskinandkidswithbrownskin.Thefoodchoiceswerealmostasvariousasthestudents.InfrontofmewereavarietyoffoodsthatIhaddifficulty_____2_____(name)inmynativelanguage.FearingthatIwouldpickout_____3_____awful,Itriedtoasktheboyaheadofmeforasuggestion.Unfortunately,thebarrier(障碍)oflanguagestood_____4_____us._____5_____mykindergartenexperiencefeelslikeacenturyago,thelessonsIlearnedwillstickinmymindforever.Forthepastthreesummers,I____6____(work)inagovernmentagencyinNewYork.Newimmigrantsmuchlikethelittlegirlinthelunchlinefloodedouroffice____7____(get)help.IoftenhadtobeatranslatorfortheItalian-speakingones.AsIservedtheroleofacommunicationlink,I_____8_____(remind)ofmystruggletotalkbeforeIlearnedEnglish.IwatchedwithgreatsympathyaselderlyItalianstriedtotalkinItalianwithpeoplewhodidnotspeakthelanguage.Itsuddenlybecameverycleartome____9____luckyIwastobeabletospeaktwolanguages.NewYorkisamulticulturalcity____10____studentslikemehaveachancetoworkwithdifferentpeople.WalkingthroughthestreetsofBrooklyntoday,Iamnolongerconfusedbythiscity’ssoundsandsmells.Instead,Ienjoyitsdiversity.【答案】1.spoke2.naming3.something4.between5.Although##Though6.haveworked7.getting8.wasreminded9.how10.where【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：吃这种午餐的人都是白人，而且说意大利语。根据句意和空前的was可知，句子时态用一般过去时，故本空用speak“说”的过去式。故填spoke。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：摆在我面前的是各种各样的食物，我很难用母语说出它们的名字。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难”，用name“叫出……的名字”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填naming。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：我担心自己会挑出一些糟糕的东西，于是试着向我前面的男孩征求意见。结合句意可知，本空用不定代词something“某物”，作pickout的宾语。故填something。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：不幸的是，语言的障碍挡在我们之间。结合句意可知，本空用介词between“介于……之间（两者）”。故填between。【5题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然我的幼儿园经历感觉像是一个世纪以前，但我学到的教训将永远留在我的脑海里。前后句意存在转折让步关系，应用although/though“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though。【6题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的三个夏天里，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。work“工作”。根据时间状语Forthepastthreesummers可知，句子时态用现在完成时。故填haveworked。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队买午餐的小女孩一样。本句谓语为flooded，此处用非谓语动词，get与Newimmigrants为主动关系，作伴随状语，用现在分词。故填getting。【8题详解】考查动词语态。句意：当我扮演沟通纽带的角色时，我想起了在学习英语之前我说话的挣扎。根据句意和空前的served可知，句子时态用一般过去时，且主语I和remind“使想起”为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasreminded。【9题详解】考查主语从句。句意：我突然意识到，我是多么幸运，能够说两种语言。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“多么”的含义且空后为形容词，故用how引导，how+形容词+主语+谓语。故填how。【10题详解】考查定语从句。句意：纽约是一个多元文化的城市，像我这样的学生有机会和不同的人一起工作。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是city，指物，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagesby-usingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.typicallyB.limitedC.markingsD.itemsE.treatedF.fencedG.fearH.packsI.gentlyJ.presentK.pairRedfoxesexistthroughoutmuchoftheUnitedStates,withtheexceptionofthesouthwest.InChicago,theyarenotcommoninhighnumbers,butarestill____11____incertainareasofthecity.Coyotes(丛林狼)usuallycompetewithredfoxes,andthelargecoyotepopulationand____12____livingspaceinChicagomayberelatedtothesmallnumberofredfoxes.Redfoxesare____13____smallerthancoyotes,weighing7-15poundsonaverageandstandingupto20inches.Easilyrecognizablebytheirstrikingredcoats,redfoxesalsohaveblack____14____ontheirfeet,black-tippedears,aswellasalongtail.Generallylivingalone,redfoxesdonotform____15____likeotherdog-likeanimals.Adults_____16_____duringthebreeding(繁殖)seasontoraisetheiryounginhiddenplaces,suchasfallentrees,orothernaturalorartificialstructures.Asomnivores(杂食动物),redfoxeseatavarietyoffoodsincludingrabbits,birds,insectsandfruits.Redfoxesmaystorefoodinburiedlocationswheretheypileup_____17_____toeatlater.Sometimestheyarekilledbycoyotesandhumans.Theyarealsoeasilyaffectedbyharmfulskindiseasesthatcanleadtodeathifnot_____18_____.Whendigginghomesunderbuildings,redfoxesmaycomeintoconflictwithpeople.Sometimesfoxesmayhuntoutdoorcatsorchickens.Keepcatsindoorsandgettheseareas_____19_____topreventfoxesentering.Aswithanywildanimal,itisimportanttoneverfeedredfoxes,asthismaycausethemtolosetheirnatural______20______ofhumansandexhibitunusualbehaviors.【答案】11.J12.B13.A14.C15.H16.K17.D18.E19.F20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了生活在美国的一种动物——红狐。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：在芝加哥，它们的数量并不多，但在城市的某些地区仍然存在。根据上文“

theyarenotcommoninhighnumbers”和表转折意义的but可知，虽然数量不多，但在某些城市仍然存在，形容词present“存在”符合句意，作表语。故选J。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：丛林狼通常与红狐竞争，芝加哥丛林狼数量多，并且生存空间有限，这可能与红狐数量少有关。根据上文“Coyotes (丛林狼)usuallycompetewithredfoxes”推知，丛林狼的生存空间有限，因此常与红狐竞争；形容词limited“有限的”符合句意，作定语修饰livingspace。故选B。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：红狐通常比土狼小，平均重7-15磅，站立高达20英寸。红狐的脚上也有黑色的斑纹，耳朵尖是黑色的，尾巴也很长。副词typically“通常，典型地”符合句意，作状语修饰谓语动词。故选A。【14题详解】考查名词。句意同上。结合常识可知，红狐脚上有红色的斑纹，名词markings“斑纹”符合句意，作宾语，此处应用其复数形式。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：红狐通常独自生活，不像其他类犬动物那样群居。根据“Generallylivingalone”可知，红狐不会群居生活，名词packs“（野兽、飞禽等的）一群”符合句意，是pack的复数，作宾语。故选H。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：成年的红狐在繁殖季节配对，在隐蔽的地方抚养后代，如倒下的树，或其他自然或人工结构。根据“duringthe

breeding (繁殖)season”推知，此处是指红狐在繁殖季节配对，动词pair“配对(以繁殖)”符合句意，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故选K。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：红狐可能会把食物储存在埋藏的地方，在那里它们会把食物堆起来以后再吃。根据“ toeatlater.”可知，此处是指藏了很多吃的东西，名词item“一系列物品”符合句意，作宾语，根据主语they可知，藏的东西不止一个，用复数形式。故选D。18题详解】考查动词。句意：他们也很容易受到有害皮肤病的影响，如果不加以治疗，可能会导致死亡。根据“ affectedbyharmfulskindiseasesthatcanleadtodeath”可知，如果不治疗会导致死亡，treat“治疗”符合句意，和逻辑主语“红狐”是被动关系，因此用过去分词和if构成条件状语。故选E。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：把猫关在室内，把这些地方围起来，防止狐狸进入。根据“topreventfoxesentering.”可知，把这些地方围起来可以防止红狐进入。fence“(用栅栏、篱笆或围栏)围住”符合句意，和宾语areas是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作宾补。故选F。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：与任何野生动物一样，千万不要喂红狐，因为这可能会导致它们失去对人类的天然恐惧，并表现出不寻常的行为。根据“exhibitunusualbehaviors”推知，此处是指投喂红狐会导致它们不怕人类，名词fear“恐惧”符合句意，作宾语。故选G。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordintheboxcanonlybeusedonce.Therearetwowordsmorethanyouneed.A.selectedB.revealedC.indicatedD.rewardedE.chattedF.partnered21.Themagician____________thesecretofhisperformancetotheaudience.22.Theuniversity_________withaleadingresearchcentertodevelopnewcourses.23.Althoughshewasnervous,Susie_________hernextwordscarefullyandmanagedtofinishthespeech.24.AfterthreehoursofclimbingMountHuang,theywere__________withthenaturalscenery.【答案】21.B22.F23.A24.D【解析】【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：魔术师向观众透露了他表演的秘密。根据句意可知本句是一般过去时，分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语部分，表示的意思是“揭示”，revealed符合句意。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学和一个领先的研究中心合作来开发新课程。根据句意可知本句是一般过去时，分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语部分，表示的意思是“合作”，partnered符合句意。故选F项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管苏茜很紧张，但她还是仔细地斟酌了下面的话，并设法完成了演讲。根据句意可知本句是一般过去时，分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语部分，表示的意思是“挑选”，selected符合句意。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爬了三个小时的黄山后，他们欣赏到了自然风光。根据句意可知本句是一般过去时，分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语部分，表示的意思是“回报，奖赏”，rewarded符合句意。故选D项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Didyoueverhavetosay“no”tosomebody?Suchasaclassmateaskingtohavebreakfastwithyou?Newresearchsuggeststhat,atleastsocially,arejectionshouldn’tincludean—_____25_____.Inotherwords,sayingyouaresorrydoesn’tmakethepersonbeingrejectedfeelanybetter._____26_____,itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse.Thatis_____27_____.Manypeopleconsiderittobegoodmannerstosaytheyaresorrywhenthey_____28_____arequest.GiliFreedmanisdoingsomerelatedresearchatDartmouthCollege.Forherresearch,sheaskedover1,000peopletorespondtodifferent_____29_____ofsocialrejection.Inoneinstance,theresearchersaskedpeoplefortheir_____30_____afterapersonnamedTayloraskedtojoinaco-workerwhowentouttoluncheveryFriday.AndTaylorwastold“no”.Butinsomecases,thepersonrejectingTaylor_____31_____anapology.Inothercases,thepeopledoingtherejectiondidnotsaytheywere_____32_____.Peoplewereaskedhowtheywould_____33_____iftheywerebeingturneddown,justasTaylorwas.Mostsaidtheywouldbemore_____34_____byarejectionwithanapologythanarejectionwithoutanapology.GiliFreedmansaidthereasonisthatapologiesmakepeoplefeellikethattherejectionwas_____35_____—evenwhentheyfelt-likeitwasnotokay.Rejectionwithoutanapologyletsthemexpresstheirfeelingsof_____36_____,hurtorangermoreeasily.Freedmanalsosaidthatanapologyoftenmakestheperson_____37_____feelbetter—evenasitmakesthepersonbeingrejectedfeelworse.However,herresearchdealsonlywith_____38_____communication.Abusinesssituationmightbevery_____39_____.“Ifamanagerrejectsajobintervieweeorabossmusttellanemployeethatheorsheisbeingfiredfromajob,”Freedmansaid,“reactionstoapologiesmaybeanothercase.”25.A.excuse B.apology C.analysis D.explanation26.A.Infact B.Inparticular C.Aboveall D.Asaresult27.A.challenging B.alarming C.disappointing D.surprising28.A.copewith B.handover C.turndown D.sendback29.A.ideas B.examples C.functions D.rules30.A.comment B.advice C.reaction D.choice31.A.accepted B.deserved C.expected D.offered32A.helpless B.sorry C.upset D.anxious33.A.feel B.interact C.behave D.strive34.A.inspired B.pleased C.embarrassed D.hurt35.A.flexible B.beneficial C.acceptable D.sufficient36.A.displeasure B.resistance C.envy D.boredness37.A.beingturneddown B.beingtalkedwith C.doingtherejection D.expressingtheanger38.A.written B.social C.global D.mass39.A.different B.effective C.direct D.official【答案】25.B26.A27.D28.C29.B30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒绝不应该包括道歉。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒绝不应该包括道歉。A.excuse原谅；B.apology道歉；C.analysis分析；D.explanation解释。根据后文的“Inotherwords,sayingyouaresorrydoesn’tmakethepersonbeingrejectedfeelanybetter.”可知，换句话说，说对不起不会让被拒绝的人感觉更好，所以拒绝不应该包括道歉，即拒绝的时候不要道歉。故选B项。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，这可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。A.Infact事实上；B.Inparticular特别是；C.Aboveall最重要的是；D.Asaresult因此。根据后文的“itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse”可知，拒绝的时候道歉，事实上，这可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这令人惊讶。A.challenging具有挑战性的；B.alarming引起恐慌的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.surprising令人惊讶的。根据前文的“itmightmaketherejectedpersonfeelworse.”和后文的“Manypeopleconsiderittobegoodmannerstosaytheyaresorrywhenthey4arequest.”可知，许多人认为在拒绝别人的请求时道歉是礼貌的表现，所以拒绝的时候道歉可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟，这种说法令人惊讶。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人认为在拒绝别人的请求时道歉是礼貌的表现。A.copewith应付；B.handover转交；C.turndown拒绝；D.sendback发回。根据前文的“saytheyaresorry”和后文的“arequest”可知，此处指拒绝别人的请求。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的研究中，她让1000多人对社会拒绝的不同例子做出回应。A.ideas想法；B.examples例子；C.functions功能；D.rules规则。根据后文的“Inoneinstance”可知，研究中，她让1000多人对社会拒绝的不同例子做出回应，下文具体的举例对此进行说明。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个例子中，一个名叫泰勒的人要求和一个每周五出去吃午饭的同事一起吃午饭，研究人员询问了人们的反应。A.comment评论；B.advice建议；C.reaction反应；D.choice选择。根据后文的“afterapersonnamedTayloraskedtojoinaco-workerwhowentouttoluncheveryFriday”可知，研究人员询问对这种做法的反应。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在某些情况下，拒绝泰勒人会道歉。A.accepted接受；B.deserved应得；C.expected预期；D.offered提供。根据前文的“thepersonrejectingTaylor”和后文的“anapology”可知，拒绝泰勒的人会道歉。故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其它情况下，拒绝的人并没有说对不起。A.helpless无助的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.upset沮丧的；D.anxious焦虑的。根据前文的“Butinsomecases,thepersonrejectingTaylor7anapology.Inothercases,thepeopledoingtherejectiondidnotsay”可知，有些拒绝泰勒的人会道歉，但是也有人没有说对不起。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们被问到，如果他们像泰勒一样被拒绝，他们会有什么感觉。A.feel感觉；B.interact互动；C.behave表现；D.strive努力。根据前文的“Peoplewereaskedhowtheywould”和后文“iftheywerebeingturneddown”可知，研究人员想知道，如果被测试者像泰勒一样被拒绝，他们会有什么感觉。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，带着道歉的拒绝比不带道歉的拒绝更伤害他们。A.inspired受到启发的；B.pleased高兴的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.hurt受伤的。根据后文的“GiliFreedmansaidthereasonisthatapologiesmakepeoplefeellikethattherejectionwas11—evenwhentheyfeltlikeitwasnotokay.”可知，道歉会让人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的——即使他们觉得这样做是不对的，故大多数人说，带着道歉的拒绝比不带道歉的拒绝更伤害他们。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吉利·弗里德曼说，原因是道歉会让人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的——即使他们觉得这样做是不对的。A.flexible灵活的；B.beneficial有益的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.sufficient足够的。根据后文的“evenwhentheyfeltlikeitwasnotokay”可知，本空与后文意思相反，即人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的。故选C项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拒绝而不道歉会让他们更容易表达自己的不快、受伤或愤怒。A.displeasure不高兴；B.resistance反对；C.envy羡慕；D.boredness无聊。根据后文的“hurtorangermore”可知，此处表达被拒绝后的负面情绪，故displeasure意思合适。故选A项。【37题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：弗里德曼还说，道歉通常会让拒绝的人感觉更好，即使它会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。A.beingturneddown被拒绝；B.beingtalkedwith被交谈；C.doingtherejection拒绝；D.expressingtheanger表达愤怒。根据前文的“anapologyoftenmakestheperson”和后文“evenasitmakesthepersonbeingrejectedfeelworse.”可知，本空与后文做对比，即使道歉会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟，但道歉通常会让拒绝的人感觉更好。故选C项。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的研究只涉及社会沟通。A.written书面的；B.social社会的；C.global全球的；D.mass大量的。根据前文的“sheaskedover1,000peopletorespondtodifferent5ofsocialrejection.”可知，她的研究只涉及社会沟通。故选B项。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商业情况可能会非常不同。A.different不同的；B.effective有效的；C.direct直接的；D.official官方的。根据后文的““Ifamanagerrejectsajobintervieweeorabossmusttellanemployeethatheorsheisbeingfiredfromajob,”Freedmansaid,“reactionstoapologiesmaybeanothercase.””可知，如果经理拒绝了面试者，或者老板必须告诉员工他或她被解雇了，那么对道歉的反应可能是另一种情况，所以商业情况中的道歉的反应可能与会社会沟通中的道歉的反应不同。故选A项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst)Europe’smostbeautifultownsClovelly,theUKDonkeys(驴)usedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthestreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.Today,villagersstillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsinbecauseitsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(悬崖).Goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredvehicles.Iftouristscan’tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycantakearideinaspecialcarinstead.Dinkelsbühl,GermanyAcutehistoriccenter,woodhousesandsolidtowers—Dinkelsbühlhasitall.ItsitsontheGermanRomanticRoad,arouteknownforitsattractivetowns.Surroundedbymedieval(中世纪的)wallswithahugechurch,itwasthesettingforafamousfilmnamedTheEnigmaofKasparHauser.Giethoorn,NetherlandsTheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonethingthattheItaliancityhas:overtourism.AsinVenice,lifecentersaroundthewater.Therearenocarsinthedowntownsotheonlywaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.Takeaboattouraroundthehousessittingonislands.Hungry?StopattheMichelin-starredrestaurantHollands-Venetië.Anghiari,ItalyOnahillside,Anghiariisadelight—atinywalledtown.It’sacrowdedareawithnarrowandup-and-downstreets,fullofgrandpalaceswhichwerebuiltbythemysterious“menofarms”.FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.40.HowwouldtouristsprobablytourinClovellytoday?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot.C.Byridingadonkey. D.Bytakingaman-poweredvehicle.41.Whichofthefollowingarerelatedtomedievalhistory?A.ClovellyandDinkelsbühl. B.ClovellyandGiethoorn.C.AnghiariandGiethoorn. D.DinkelsbühlandAnghiari.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“menofarms”probablymean?A.artists B.soldiers C.architects D.historians43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TouristscanenjoyfishinginbothClovellyandGiethoom.B.Anghiariisasmallandcrowdedtownlocatedonaflatground.CAtouristcanwatchafilmatahugechurchinDinkelsbühl.D.GiethoornisabetterchoicethanVeniceiftouristspreferalesscrowdedtour.【答案】40.B41.D42.B43.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个欧洲最漂亮的小镇。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Clovelly,theUK部分中的第一段“Donkeys(驴)usedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthestreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.(克洛夫利（Clovelly）是英格兰西南部德文郡的一个美丽渔村，过去，驴子是在街道上往返的唯一交通工具。)”和第二段中“Today,villagersstillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsinbecauseitsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(悬崖).Goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredvehicles.(如今，村民们仍然无法把汽车开进来，因为它坐落在400英尺悬崖的底部。货物由人力车辆运输。)”可知，驴子是过去的交通工具，所以现在人们不再乘坐驴子；人们无法把汽车开进去，所以人们不能乘坐汽车游览Clovelly；人力车辆是运送货物的，不是人乘坐的，该部分最后一句话中“Iftouristscan’tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycantakearideinaspecialcarinstead.(如果游客无法步行返回停车场，也可以乘坐特殊车辆。)”表明，如今人们步行游览Clovelly这个小镇，故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Dinkelsbühl,Germany部分中的“Surroundedbymedieval(中世纪的)wallswithahugechurch,itwasthesettingforafamousfilmnamedTheEnigmaofKasparHauser.(周围环绕着中世纪（罗马）城墙和一座巨大的教堂，这里是著名电影《卡斯帕·豪瑟之谜》的拍摄地。)”和Anghiari,Italy部分中的“FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.(在安吉亚里巴塔利亚博物馆(MuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari)中了解更多关于他们的信息，该博物馆追溯了发生在城外平原上的中世纪战争的历史。)”可知，Dinkelsbühl和Anghiari这两个小镇与中世纪历史有关，故选D。【42题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Onahillside,Anghiariisadelight—atinywalledtown.It’sacrowdedareawithnarrowandup-and-downstreets,fullofgrandpalaceswhichwerebuiltbythemysterious“menofarms”.(安吉亚里(Anghiari)位于山坡上，是一座有围墙的小城镇，令人赏心悦目。这是一个拥挤的地区，街道狭窄且上下起伏，到处都是由神秘的“menofarms”建造的宏伟宫殿。)”和划线单词下文“FindoutmoreaboutthematamuseumnamedtheMuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari,whichtracesthehistoryofamedievalbattlethattookplaceontheplainoutsidetown.(在安吉亚里巴塔利亚博物馆(MuseodellaBattagliadiAnghiari)中了解更多关于他们的信息，该博物馆追溯了发生在城外平原上的中世纪战争的历史)”可知，them代指画线短语menofarms，安吉亚里巴塔利亚博物馆保存着有关发生在城外平原上的中世纪战争的历史，这些历史记载着“他们”的信息，由此可推知，“them”指的是战争的参与者，即士兵，所以说画线短语menofarms指的是士兵，故选B。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据Giethoorn,Netherlands部分中的“TheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonethingthattheItaliancityhas:overtourism.(人们称其为荷兰版的威尼斯，但羊角村缺少意大利城市所拥有的一件事：过度旅游业。)”可知，Giethoorn小镇没有过度旅游，由此可推知，如果游客喜欢不那么拥挤的旅游，那么Giethoorn是比威尼斯更好的选择。故选D。(B)Clementineseemedtobemissingapiecefromherlife’spuzzleformostofherlife.Droppedoffasa3-year-oldhomelessdognearNewOrleans,thedogstayedintheshelterforfourmonthsbeforebeingmovedtoTexas.WhilelivingatanadoptioncenterinTexas,thedogwasadoptedouttwicetodifferentfamilies.Sadly,neitherofthoseadoptionsweresuccessful.ItturnedoutClementinedidn’tgetalongwithsmallerpets,andshehadtoomuchenergyforthesecondfamily.Meanwhile,CaptainRobertMoreewantedtoaddafiredogtothestation.He’djustreadastudyabouthowdogshelpfirefighterscopewiththepressureoftheirjobs,andhewaseagertogivethestudyareallifetrialrun!Withthepermissionofthechiefandotherfirefighters,heandafewcolleaguesvisitedtheshelter.AssoonastheymetClementine,theyweresmitten!“TheyintroducedustoClementine,”CaptainMoreerecalled.“Shestartedtolikeus,andwelikedherinstantly.Laterthatday,mydriver,BryanWallen,andIdecidedtogether.”CaptainMoreeofficiallyadoptedClementine,butshedefinitelybelongedtoeverypersoninthefirehouse.Shelovedtohugthefirefightersinbetweencalls,andshewasalwaysnearbywheneveranyonewaspreparingfood.“Sheridesonthetruckwhenwegooutoncalls”saidCaptainMoree.“Shenotonlymakesthestationfeelmorelikehomeduringour24-hourshiftsbutalsokeepsusexcitedtocometothestation.”Clementinehasmadesuchanamazingjourneyfromahomelessdogtoaherodog.ShewasnamedDogoftheYearatthe2022ASPCAHumaneAwards!44.WhydidClementinefailtostayinthesecondfamily?A.Shelikedfire. B.Shewastooactive. C.Sheatetoomuch. D.Shehatedotherpets.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smitten”probablymean?A.moved B.puzzled C.attracted D.surprised46.WhatdidCaptainMoreeexpectafiredogtodo?A.Helpputoutfires. B.Guardthefirehouse.C.Stayexciteddayandnight D.Reducestressoffirefighters.47.WhatcanbeinferredaboutClementinefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Sheriskedherlifeasafiredog.B.Shehasgotmanyimportantawards.C.Shedidanexcellentjobasafiredog.D.Sheremainedhomelessinherwholelife.【答案】44.B45.C46.D47.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Clementine从一只流浪狗成为消防英雄狗的奇妙旅程。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“ItturnedoutClementinedidn’tgetalongwithsmallerpets,andshehadtoomuchenergyforthesecondfamily.（事实证明，Clementine和小宠物相处不来，而且对于第二个家庭来说，她有太多的精力。）”可知，Clementine没能留在第二个家庭的原因是她太活跃了。故选B项。【45题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下面的一段“‘TheyintroducedustoClementine,”CaptainMoreerecalled.“Shestartedtolikeus,andwelikedherinstantly.Laterthatday,mydriver,BryanWallen,andIdecidedtogether.’(‘他们把我们介绍给Clementine，”Moree队长回忆道。“她开始喜欢我们，我们也立刻喜欢上了她。那天晚些时候，我和我的司机BryanWallen决定去接她。’）”可知，Moree队长他们被Clementine吸引住了，所以才决定接受她。所以，划线单词smitten与attracted意义一致。故选C项。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Meanwhile,CaptainRobertMoreewantedtoaddafiredogtothestation.He’djustreadastudyabouthowdogshelpfirefighterscopewiththepressureoftheirjobs,andhewaseagertogivethestudyareallifetrialrun!

(与此同时，RobertMoree队长想给消防站增加一只消防犬。他刚刚读了一篇关于狗如何帮助消防员应对工作压力的研究，他渴望让这项研究在现实生活中进行试验！)”可知，Moree队长想让消防犬减轻消防员的压力。故选D项。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clementinehasmadesuchanamazingjourneyfromahomelessdogtoaherodog.ShewasnamedDogoftheYearatthe2022ASPCAHumaneAwards!（克莱门汀从一只无家可归的狗变成了一只英雄狗，经历了如此奇妙的旅程。她在2022年ASPCA人道奖上被评为年度最佳狗!）”可以推论出，作为消防犬，Clementine一定表现出色，她才会被评为年度最佳狗。故选C项。(C)Asanactivetheater-goerandplay-reader,Ieditthisbooktosharemypassionforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughmanyplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideatheplaywright(剧作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesarepresented