2024年-英语专四真题-TEM4-真题-听力原文及答案解析-整理打印版

2024年专业四级(TEM4)真题、听力原文及答案解析【整理打印版】ants05PAGE17coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathanddestructiontomanypeople.Whydoearthquakeshappen?Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisoneofearthquakes,whenonesectiontheearth(tectonicplate)another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnotthismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,iswhytheyaresodangerousand.Wheredovolcanoeshappen?Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’sisthin:lava,dustandgasesfrombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoamassiveconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,theycanbesoviolenttheyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1511’volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymaybedangerous.In1985themassiveColombianvolcanoNevadodelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmudthetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.collideswithconfrontswithmeetswithwithHoweverunpredictablecrustflowedoutburstoutleakedoutSaying“thankyou〞isprobablythefirstthingmostofuslearntodoinaforeignlanguage.Afterall,we’rebroughtuptobepolite,anditisimportanttomakeagoodimpressionuponotherpeople—especiallyacrossnationaldivides.So,whatexactlyareyousupposedtosaywhen“thankyou〞isonlythe20thmostpopularwaytoexpressgratitude?Accordingtoarecentsurvey,19otherwaysofexpressingappreciationfinishedaheadof“thankyou〞inapollof3,000people.Pollstersfoundalmosthalfofthoseaskedpreferredthemoreinformal“cheers〞,whileotherslikedtousesuchexpressionsas“ta〞,“great〞and“niceone〞.So,justwhatistheappropriateformofwordstoexpressyourthanks?Fortunately,theclueisinthelanguageitself.“Cheers〞,despiteitspopularity,isconsideredaninformalwaytosaythankyou—andthisisadefiniteclueastowhenyoucanbestuseit.Forinstance,whengoingforadrinkwithfriends,asmileanda“cheers〞bywayofthanksisnotonlyappropriatetothesituation,itisalsoculturallyaccurate.“Ta〞,originatedfromtheDanishword“tak〞,wasthesecond-mostpopularexpressionofthanks,andisalsocommonlyusedininformalsituations,alongwithphrasessuchas“niceone〞,and“brilliant〞.Interestingly,onewordthatdidn’tmakeitintothetop20was“thanks〞.Thankyou’sshorter,moreinformalcousin.“Thanks〞canbeuseful,asitisabletobridgethedividebetweentheformalityof“thankyou〞andthedownrightrelaxed“cheers〞.Certainwordscandoubleasanexpressionofthanksaswellasdelight.Again,thewordsthemselvesoffertheclueastowhenbesttousethem.Forexample,wordslike“awesome〞,“brilliant〞and“youstar〞featuredhighlyinthenewpollandtheycanhintatbothyourpleasureatsomeone'saction,aswellasservingtoexpressyourthanks.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofa“new〞thankyou,youcanrespondwithasimple“noproblem〞,or“sure〞.Ofcourse,incertaincircumstances,asimplewave,nodorsmilemaybeappropriate.Forinstance,ifacardriverslowsdowntoletyoucrosstheroad,simplyraisingyourhandinacknowledgementisenoughtoshowthatyouappreciatethedriver’sconsideration.Sometimes,formalityisnecessary,and“thankyou〞isstillthebestchoiceinsuchsituations.Butstudentsshouldnotworryaboutwhenexactlytousecertainexpressions.ManypeopleinWesterncountriesareworriedthatgoodmannersareindecline.Peoplearetiredofseeingtheiractsofkindnessandservicepasswithoutcomment.Sodon’tthinkthatyour“thankyou〞wasclumsyorawkwardlyformal.Thechancesare,ifyousaid“thankyou〞,youmadesomeone’sday.Youstar.81.WecantellfromtheresultsofthepollthatA.peopleareunconcernedaboutpolitenessnowadaysB.“thankyou〞remainsthebestexpressionofgratitudeC.thereisavarietyofexpressionsofappreciationD.therearemoreformalexpressionsthaninformalones82.Whichword/phrasedoesNOTappearinthetop20?A.CheersB.ThanksC.BrilliantD.Youstar.83.Accordingtothepassage.whichisanappropriateresponseto“awesome〞or“brilliant〞?A.ThanksB.CheersC.NiceoneD.Sure84.Accordingtothepassage,thewayinwhichweexpressourgratitudedependsonallthefollowingEXCEPTA.genderB.formalityC.cultureD.circumstance85.InthelastparagraphtheauthorencouragespeopletoA.continuetheiractsofkindnessB.behavethemselveswellC.showtheirgratitudetoothersD.stopworryingaboutbadmannersFrom2024to2024,Americanhouseholdslost$l1trillioninrealestate,savings,andstocksMorethanhalfofallU.S.workerseitherlosttheirjobsorwereforcedtotakecutsinhoursorpayduringtherecession.Theworstmaybebehindthemnow,buttheshockinglossesofthepastfewyearshavereshapednearlyeveryfacetoftheirlives—howtheylive,work,andspend—eventhewaytheythinkaboutthefuture.ForCindy,therecessionbeganwhenherhusbandwasrelocatedtoRhinelander,Wisconsin.byhiscompanyforcingthefamilytomoveinahurry.Thecoupleboughtanewhousebutwereunabletoselltheirtwo-bedroomhomeinBigLake,Minnesota.Withtwomortgages(抵押借款)andtwoyoungchildrentocarefor,ThenshestumbleduponanonlinecommunitycalledBlotanical,aforumforgardeners,manywithaninterestinsustainability.“ThemoreIreadanddiscussedthesepractices,themoreIrealizedthiswouldhelpnotonlyourbudgetbutalsoourhealth,〞shesays.Cindyadmitsthatbeforetherecession,shewasacitygirlwithnointerestingrowingherowndinner.“Igrewflowersmostly—Ididn’tthinkaboutplantsthatweren’tvisuallyinteresting.〞Buttostretchherbudget,shebeganputtinginvegetablesandfruit—everythingfromstrawberrybedstoappletrees—andasherfirstseedlingsgrew,herspiritslifted.Shenolongerthinksofgardeningandmakingherownjamsasjustamoneysaver;they’reagenuinepleasure.“It’sbroughtusclosertogetherasafamily,too,〞shesays.Herkidsvoluntarilypitchinwith(主动帮助)thegardenwork,andthefamilycookstogetherinsteadofeatingout.Thefoodtastesbetter—it’sfresherandorganic—andthegardenhandilyfulfillsitsoriginalpurpose:costcutting.Nowshespendsabout$200to$300amonthongroceries,lessthanhalfofthe$650amonththatsheusedtolayout.Afterdiscoveringhowresourcefulshecanbeintoughtimes,Cindyisnolongereasilydiscouraged.“ItmakesmefeelproudtobeabletosayImadeitmyself,〞shesays.“Ifeelaccomplished,andI'mmoreconfidentaboutattemptingthingsI'veneverdonebefore.〞Nowsheavoidsconveniencestoresandhasbegunlearningtoknit,quilt,andmakeherownsoap.“Idon'tthinkIwouldhaveeverbegunthisjourneyifitweren’tfortherecession,〞shesays.“Ihaveafeelingthatfromnowon,itwillaffectmyfamily’shealthandhappinessforthebetter.〞86.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthattherecessionA.affectedAmericansincertainoccupationsB.hadgreatimpactonAmericans’workandlifeC.hadonlybroughthugelossesinsavingsandstocksD.isoverwithsomeofthelossesrecovered87.Whatmadethefamily'sfinancialsituationevenworsewasthattheyA.movedtoRhinelanderinahurryB.hadtwochildrentoraiseC.didn’tknowanyoneinRhinelanderD.couldn’tselltheirhomeinBig88.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?A.Cindyhadseenthebenefitsofgardeninginadifferentway.B.Cindyhaddevelopedahobbyofgardeningbeforetherecession.C.Cindyhadalreadyhadakeeninterestinsustainability.D.Cindyhadalreadyplannedtomeetthegardeners.89.Inaddition,CindyviewsgardeningasagenuinepleasurebecausegardeningA.helpedhercutlivingcostsalmostbyhalfB.enabledhertomakeherownjamsC.builtupfamilytiesandkids’enthusiasmD.enabledhertoknowmoreaboutplants90.WhatdoesCindythinkofthedifficulttimesshehasgonethrough?A.Itgavethecoupleandtheirkidsatoughlesson.B.Itgaveherconfidenceandoptimism.C.Itwouldcomeagainandaffectthefamily.D.Itleftalastingpsychologicalimpactonthefamily.aboutwaswhethertohaveanaffairwithMrs.Robinson.Inthesixties,thatwasthesumtotalofpost-graduationanxietysyndrome.Hoffman’smoderncounterpartsarenotsofortunate.TheMrs.Robinsonsaren’tsittingaroundathomeanymore,seducinggraduates.Theyareoutintheworkplace,doingthehigh-poweredjobsthegraduateswant,butcannotget.Forthosefreshoutofuniversity,desperateforworkbutunabletogetit,thereisabigimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.Thelatestunemploymentfiguresshowthat746,000of18-24year-oldsareunemployed—arecordrateof18percent.Manyofthosewillhavegraduatedthissummer.Theyarenotpanickingyet,butasthejobrejectionsmountup,theyarebeginningtofeelalarmed.Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—50percentofschool-leaversinhighereducation.Thatwasnottoosmart.TheGovernmenthasnotonlyfailedtomeetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.Parentsfeelasbadlyletdownastheyoungpeoplethemselves.Middle-classfamiliesseetheirgraduateoffspringonthedole(救济金)queueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamiliesfeelanevenkeenersenseofdisappointment.Formanysuchfamilies,gettingachildintouniversitywasthefulfillmentofalifelongdream.Itrepresentedupwardsocialandfinancialmobility.Itwasproofthattheywerelivinginadynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.Graduateunemploymentisnot,ultimately,apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved.Job-creationschemesforgraduatesareverylowdowninministerialin-trays.IfDavidCameron'sConservativeshadabrilliantideaforguaranteeingeverygraduateawell-paidjob,theywouldhaveunveileditbynow.Itisasocialproblem,thoughamoredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.91.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinordertoA.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowB.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationC.demonstratethatthereweremuchfewergraduatesthannowD.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthen92.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsoundsA.pessimisticB.hopefulC.indifferentD.furious93.TheauthoristheLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.A.infavourofB.doubtfulaboutC.stronglycriticalofD.mildlycriticalof94.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsisCORRECT?A.Working—classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.C.Middle—classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.95.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthatA.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesB.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueC.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueD.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissueNomatterhowmanytimesyouhaveseenimagesofthegoldenmaskofboykingTutankhamen,comefacetofacewithitinEgypt'sCairomuseum,andyouwillsuckinyourbreath.ItwasonNov4,1923,thatBritisharchaeologistHowardCarterstumbledonastoneatthebaseofthetombofanotherpharaoh(法老)inLuxorthateventuallyledtoasealeddoorway.Then,onNov23,Carterfoundaseconddoorandwhenhestuckhisheadthroughit,whathesawwastostuntheworld.Insidelaythegreatstonecoffin,enclosingthreechestsofgildedwood.Afewmonthslater,whenacranelifteditsgranitecoverandonecoffinafteranotherwasremoved,Carterfoundasolidblockofgoldweighing110kg.Initwasthemummy(木乃伊)ofthe19-year-oldTutankhamen,coveredingoldwiththatsplendidfuneralmask.Andallthislayburiedformorethan3,000years.MonthsaftermytriptoEgypt,IcanrelivetherushofemotionIfeltandsensethehushthatdescendedonthecrammedCairomuseum'sTutankhamengallery.Cairo,adustycityof20millionpeople,isaplacewheretimeseemstobothstandstillandrushintoutterchaos.Itisaplacewheretheancientandcontemporaryhappilygoalongonparalleltracks.TaketheGreatPyramidsofGiza,sittingonthewesternedgeofthecity.Evenasthesettingsunsilhouettesthesegiganticstructuresagainstthegreatdesertexpanse,acallforprayerfloatsoversemi-finishedapartmentblocksfilledwiththeactivityofcitylife.WhilecarefulplanningfortheafterlifemaylieburiedundergroundinCairo,itisnoiseandconfusiononthestreets.Donkeycartsbattleforspacewithpedestriansandtheonlyoperativeroadruleis“mightisright.〞Butitisacitythatisfulloflife—fromthesmallroadsiderestaurantstothecoffeeshopswheremenandwomensmoketheshisha(水烟壶).Donkeycartspiledhighwithflat-breadsmagicallyfindtheirwayinandoutthemaddeningtraffic;youngwomeninlongskirtsandheadscarvesholdhandswithyoungmeninopencollarshirts,whileconversationsdwellonKuwait'schancesatthesoccerWorldCup.96.Accordingtothecontext,“suckinyourbreath〞means“feelasenseof〞.A.aweB.horrorC.doubtD.delight97.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthediscoveryofthemummyisINCORRECT?A.ThemummywasfirstdiscoveredbyaBritisharchaeologist.B.Thediscoveryofthemummycameasasurprise.C.Themummywasfoundlyingrightinsidethestonecoffin.D