2023-2024学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。AFourBestNaturalParksinAmericaEvergladesNationalPark，Florida

EvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical（亚热带）wildernessreserveinAmerica.Thisamazingdestinationisa1.5-million-acreoceanofgrasswhichflowsgraduallyfromcentralFloridaallthewaysouthtothesea.Thismakesitanimportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee，Americancrocodile，andFloridajaguar.

GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona

GrandCanyonNationalParkishometooneofthelargestcanyonsintheworld.Ifyouvisitbetweenmid-Mayandmid-October，youcanseetheCanyonfromtheNorthRim.About90%ofallvisitorsseeitfromthe"SouthRim"，becauseitisopenallyearandhaseasy-to-get-tooverlooks.

MammothCaveNationalPark，Kentucky

Thecaveshouse200animals，mostofthembeinginvertebrate（无脊椎）species.42ofthesespeciesliveintotaldarkness.ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.

OlympicNationalPark，Washington

OlympicNationalParkhasalittlebitofeverythingruggedPacificcoastline，highmountainpeaks，broadsandybeaches，clearlakes，rainforests.Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems，OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.Theparkisanimportanthabitatforspecieslikewildsalmon（鲑鱼），northernspottedowls.

OlympicNationalParkisverylargeandtherearenoroadsthatcrossthepark.IfyouvisitinAprilorMay，youmayseegraywhalespassbyontheirwaytoAlaska.1.WhatanimalsliveintheEvergladesNationalPark？______A.Northernspottedowls. B.Invertebrateanimals.

C.Graywhales. D.Americancrocodiles.2.WhichofthefollowingisfeaturedinPlanetEarth？______A.GrandCanyonNationalPark. B.MammothCaveNationalPark.

C.EvergladesNationalPark. D.OlympicNationalPark.3.WhatcanweknowaboutOlympicNationalPark？______A.Itisopenallyear.

B.Ithasarichbiodiversity.

C.ItislocatedinthestateofKentucky.

D.Ithaseasyroadsforvisitorstodriveacrossthepark.BAsIlookupatthehundredsoffireworksinthesky，IhearthebellsringinginasmalltemplewelcomingthecomingoftheChineseNewYear.ThoughImaynotbelieveinorunderstandmanyoftheNewYeartraditionshere，thesimilaritiesbetweenthecomingofthisNewYearandthebeginningofmynewlifeinChinaarenotlostonabigboylikeme.

MyfirstfewdaysinChinawereaculturalshocktosaytheleast.Havingarrivedlateinthesemester，Iimmediatelyhadtobeginmybeginners'Chineseclasses，alongwiththenewestclassofoverseasstudents.Beingsurroundedbyalanguagethatisn'tyourownisunbelievablyannoying.Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting，it'snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess，orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.Ifyoudon'tknowwhatitsays，thenthat'sit.However，withtimepassing，Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing，thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself，thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo，whichishugelyrewarding.Stillitisneverlongbeforemylackoflanguageskillisexposed（暴露的）andIcomecrashingbacktoearth，usuallyimmediatelyuponleavingthetaxi.

Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However，itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese，Iaimtogainmymaster'sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.Opportunitiesdocomearoundratheroften：frombeingofferedjobsteachingEnglish，tobeingaskedtoappearongame-showsforShandongTV.So，fornow，Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons（眼界）andenjoyingmytimehere.Itakesometimetogetusedtoeverything，butthat'spartoftheadventureand，mostofall，employment.So，muchliketheChineseNewYearthatIamluckyenoughtobepartof，IamjustlookingforwardtoafreshstartandanewjourneyinChina.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______A.HehasnointerestinChinesetraditions.

B.HeknowsnothingabouttheLatinlanguage.

C.Hislatearrivalmadehimmissbeginners'Chineseclasses.

D.TheuniquewayofChinesewritingmadehimhardtounderstandChinese.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowthroughhistaxiexperience？______A.Heispooratusingpublictransport.

B.HefindsiteasytocallataxiinChina.

C.HefeelspleasedtohavemadeprogressinChinese.

D.Heisgoodatchattingwiththetaxidriver.6.Whatistheauthor'spresentexpectation？______A.TosettledowninChina.

B.TobecomeafamoushostonTV.

C.Tobroadenhisculturalhorizons.

D.Tobeanexcellentteachingassistant.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.ExploringChinese：valuableskillsmastered

B.LearningChinese；adventurousbutenjoyable

C.ComingtoChina：moreopportunitiespromised

D.StudyinginChina：challengingbutrewardingCAccordingtoarecentstudy，consumingthreelargelycomparablemealseachdaytomeetourenergydemandsmaybethemosteffectivemethodtopreventcognitive（认知的）deterioration.Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.Thestudyalsorevealsthateatingmorecaloriesatonemealthananotherisnotlinkedtoaquickfailureincognitivefunction，butitdoesnotimprovecognitionasmuchaseatingbalancedthreemealsdaily.

Withpreviousstudyfocusingonhowthequalityofthefoodweconsumecanaffectourhealth，therehasn'tbeenmuchresearchonhowourdailyenergyintakeisdistributedandhowitcanaffectourcognitivehealthoverthelongterm，aswellasifitmightaffectourriskofdementia（痴呆）.

Arecentstudy，inwhichthedatafromthe1997-2006ChinaHealthandNutritionSurveywereanalyzed，examinesthepossibleimpactofvariousmealschedulesoncognitivedeclineinordertobetterunderstandthis.

Thepoll（民意调查）collectedsubmissionsfrom3，342personsinChinaduringaten-yearperiod，andtheirresponseswereincludedinthestatistics.Theaverageagewas62.2，andpeoplewereatleast55yearsold.Thestudydidnotincludethosewhohadseverecognitivedeterioration.

Eachparticipantunderwentadietaryevaluationaswellasaphone-basedcognitiveexamatthebeginningofthestudyperiod.Thistestevaluatedeachperson'sabilitytorecallwordsquicklyandslowly，countbackward，andsubtract（减）7quicklyfromgivennumbers.

Thefindingsdemonstratethat，incomparisontoeitherlessbalancedwaysofabsorbingone'stotalcaloricintakeorlessequallydistributedwaysofingestingone'stotalenergyintake，eatingthreebalancedmealseachdayisrelatedwithsuperiorcognitivefunction.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deterioration"meaninparagraph1？______A.Increase. B.Decline. C.Exchange. D.Spread.9.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweentherecentstudyandthepreviousone？______A.Thecontents. B.Themethod.

C.Theparticipants. D.Theprocess.10.Howdidtheresearchersdotherecentstudy？______A.Bydoingexperiments.

B.Byanalyzingpreviousdata.

C.Byinterviewingseniorpeople.

D.Byexaminingpeoplewithcognitivedisease.11.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetobestcognition？______A.Skippingbreakfasteveryday.

B.Threebalancedmealsperday.

C.Hunger-determinedfoodtimeandamount.

D.Abiglunchwithasmallbreakfastanddinner.DInalabinLondon，newbornchickstookthefirststepsoftheirlifeandmightbecomepartofsolvingoneofthebrain'sbigpuzzles.ElisabettaVersace，theleadauthorofthenewstudyandheadofthePreparedMindsLabatQueenMary，andherco-workerspublishedtheirfindingsonTuesdayinBiologyLetters.

Inasimpletest，researchersplacedthedownyanimals，hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness，oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs，onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes，mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.

Biologistscallthemechanisms（生物机制）thatassistanimalsintheirearliestmoments"evolutionarypredispositions（进化倾向）"or"priors"."Studyinghowpredispositionsworkinhumansisdifficult，"saysElisaRaffallaFerre，co-authorofthenewstudy，asbabiestaketimetodevelopcomplexskills.Bythetimehumanbabiescaneasilymove，theyhavealreadyspentsignificanttimelearning.Chicks，however，canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching，whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.

Whythispreferenceforobjectsthatmoveagainstgravityexistsatallremainsunclear."Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld，"Versacesays，"becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown."Lifelessobjects，ontheotherhand，areunlikelytomoveconsistentlyagainstgravity.

Thenewlyreleasedarticleisconsistentwithpreviousresearch，accordingtoOrsolaRosaSalva，acomparativepsychologistattheUniversityofTrento.WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched，soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.Versacehopesthatfutureresearchcanofferinsightsintothewaythebrainisorganizedtomakesenseoftheworld.12.Whatdidthetestfindoutaboutnewbornchicks？______A.Theylikedbrightcolors.

B.Theyhadapoorsenseofdirection.

C.Theypreferredrisingobjects.

D.Theypickedupfirststepswithdifficulty.13.Whyarenewbornchicksbettersubjectsforthetestthanhumanbabies？______A.Theirmechanismsaremorecomplex.

B.Theywerealreadystudiedmoreinthepast.

C.Theirevolutionarypredispositionsworkmoreeffectively.

D.Theycanexhibitcomplexbehaviorssoonafterbirth.14.WhatdoesVersacesayaboutgoingagainstgravity？______A.Itiscommonamongspeciesinnature.

B.Itisanaturalbehavioroflivinganimals.

C.Itcontributestothesurvivalofanimals.

D.Ithelpsnewbornanimalstolearnquickly.15.WhatdoesSalvaexpectoffutureexperiments？______A.They'llbecarriedoutinthewild.

B.They'llofferdetailedworkingsofthebrain.

C.They'llcomparethebrainsofdifferentspecies.

D.They'llapplytoscientificresearchinrelatedfields.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。Culturaltraditionsshapewhoyouare.Learnmoreaboutyourtraditionsandhowyoucanpreservethembymeansofthefollowings.

Shareyourcultureart.

Eachcultureiscarriedbydifferentformsofart.Museumsoftenhouseitemslikeclothing，musicinstruments，andvisualartworks.However，beyondtheseexhibits，thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors，whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations'wisdom.（1）______

Attendororganizemajorevents.

Yourcountry，religiousorganizations，orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.（2）______Iftherearen'tanyofthoseinyourarea，youcanarrangeyourownevents.

Cookfamilyrecipes.

Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother'scookbook.（3）______Asyoukneaddough（揉面）orfollowtherightamountofspices，youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.

Promoteyourdialects（方言）.

Languageshapesculturetosomedegree.Therefore，promotingadialectcontributestotheprotectionofacertainculture.（4）______Soifyouknowoneofthem，helptospreadit.Withmoreandmorepeoplespeaking，thesedialectscouldbesuccessfullypreservedbeforetheygoextinct.

Spendtimewithothermembersofthecommunity.

Thebestwaytopreserveyourcultureistokeepitalive.（5）______Manyaspectsofculturearedifficulttolearninbooksandmuseums，includingbodylanguage，andhumor.Butyoucangettothecore（核心）oftheculturalexperiencethroughdailycommunication.

A.Participatetogetabroaderviewofyourculture.

B.Culturehelpspeopleadapttotheworldaroundthem.

C.Smellandtastehavepowerfulconnectionstomemory.

D.Recordyourfamilytreewiththehelpoffamilymembers.

E.Unfortunately，thousandsofdialectsareatriskofextinction.

F.Gatherasagroupnotjustforholidays，butforordinarymealsorjustconversation.

G.Theskillsinvolvedinshapingastonetoolrepresentoneoftheearliestculturalpractices.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。Inthesummerof2015，BrianPetersonandhiswife，Vanessa，hadjustmovedtoSantaAna，California.Oneday，PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoes，whenhisquietwas（1）______byahomelessman.Encouragedbythebook'ssympatheticmessage，Petersonmadeanconversationwithhim，and（2）______thatthemancalledMerdahadmovedhereto（3）______acareerinmusic，butheendeduplivingonthestreetforyears.

"Itwasthe（4）______thingtome"，PetersonrecalledlateronthepodcastTopArtist."Isawthe（5）______onthefaceofamanwhohadn't（6）______orshoweredinprobablyayear.Buthisstory，thelifeinsideofhim，（7）______me."AndeventhoughPeterson，agraduateoftheClevelandInstituteofArt，hadn't（8）______apaintbrushinabout8years，he（9）______himselfaskingifhecouldpaintMerda'sportrait.

PetersonpaintedMerda'sportraits，（10）______histraitsandlifeexperiences.（11）______，thepaintingwassoldforafewthousanddollars，andthemoneywasputintoa"loveaccount"byPetersonforhismodel.Merdausedthefundsfromhisportraitto（12）______analbum，fulfillinghismusicaldreams.

Peterson's（13）______withMerdaledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna，anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoare（14）______.Uptillnow，with41portraitspaintedandsold，Pertersonhashelpedmanypeoplegetbackontheirfeet，andestablishedthefriendshipwithsomeonepeoplemighthave（15）______.21.A.overthrown B.disturbed C.attracted D.tricked22.A.learnt B.thought C.proved D.achieved23.A.exchange B.receive C.pursue D.grab24.A.strangest B.best C.saddest D.brightest25.A.ugliness B.guilty C.pride D.beauty26.A.spoken B.smiled C.shaved D.slept27.A.defeated B.discouraged C.shocked D.inspired28.A.pickedout B.pickedup C.heldup D.heldout29.A.found B.saw C.stopped D.required30.A.ratherthan B.accordingto C.apartfrom D.alongwith31.A.Hurriedly B.Practically C.Hopelessly D.Fortunately32.A.order B.record C.play D.write33.A.struggle B.argument C.connection D.appointment34.A.unhoused B.uncovered C.uneducated D.unsettled35.A.valued B.overlooked C.recognized D.respected四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。36.LustforLife（《渴望生活：梵高传》）isabiographical（传记的）novelaboutthelifeofthefamousDutchpainterVincentvanGogh.（1）______（write）byUSauthorIrvingStone，thisworkofhistoricalfictionprovidesavividdescriptionoftheartist.

ThenoveltracesVanGogh'slifefromhisearlyyearsintheUKtohisfinaldaysinFrance.Stoneweavestogetherhistoricalfacts.and（2）______（imagine）storytellingtocreatetheartist'sjourney.Thetitle，LustforLife，（3）______（perfect）showsVanGogh'senthusiasmbothinhisartandhislife.

（4）______impressespeoplemostinthisbookisthat，（5）______（add）colortohispaintings，VanGoghwouldsetasidethesketches（素描）towhichhehaddevotedallhiseffortsandstartover.（6）______，amongtheImpressionistofthe19thcentury，thishardworkingpainterwasstillregardedasanabnormalperson.

AnotherstrengthofLustforLifelies（7）______itsabilitytoimmersethereadersintheworldof19thcenturyEurope.Itsvividdescriptionsofthelandscapesandcitiescontributetoasensoryexperiencethat（8）______（help）thereadersbetterunderstandtheenvironmentwhereVanGoghlived.Stonemixesthesocialandculturalcontextsoftheeraeffectivelyintothebook（9）______（offer）readersabroaderperspectiveonthechallengesfacedbyartistsduringthatperiod.

Inconclusion，thisbookisawell-deserved（10）______（celebrate）oftheartistandhisspiritofcreation.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。37.假定你是李华，你们学校开设了中国传统文化实践课。请给你的英国好友Peter写一封邮件，分享你上课的感受，内容包括：

（1）课程内容；

（2）个人感受。

注意：

（1）词数80个左右；

（2）增加细节以使行文连贯。

DearPeter，

____

Yours，LiHua38.Tomwasaskilledteenagesurfer.Hehadalwaysbeenattractedbytheoceanandthechallengeofridingitswaves.Hehadtrainedtirelesslyforyears，sharpeninghisskillsandperfectinghistechnique.Hehadparticipatedinmanycompetitionsandwonseveraltitles.Butoneday，hisworldwasturnedupsidedown.

Itwasaroutinetrainingday.WhileTomwasconcentratingonhistraininginthesea，asharkcameinthroughthebrokenshark-proofnetandapproachedhim.TheanimalknockedoverTom'ssurfboardandbithisrightleg，tearingthroughhisflesh（肉体）andcausingmassivedamage.Despitetheseriousnessofhisinjuries，Tomwasluckytosurvivetheattack.Hewasrushedtothehospital，wherehereceivedanemergencyoperation.Withtheeffortsofdoctors，hislegwassaved.

Tom'srecoverywaslongandpainful，butherefusedtogiveuponhisdreamofsurfing.Atfirst，hisprogresswasslow.Hehadtolearntowalkagain，andthentorun，andthentojump.Everymovementwasastruggle.Butwiththehelpofhisfamilyandfriends，aswellashisownfierce（坚的）determination，Tomgraduallybegantomakeprogress.Hespenthourseverydayinthegym，doingstrengthandbalanceexercisestorebuildhisbody.

Finally，aftermonthsofhardwork，Tomwasreadytogetbackintothewater.Hisfirsttrainingwasincrediblydifficult，ashestruggledtoovercomehisfearoftheoceanandthememoryofthesharkattack.Butgradually，hebegantoregainhisconfidenceandhisloveforsurfing.Ashisstrengthandskillsreturned，Tomsethissightsoncompetingonceagain.Hetrainedtirelessly，workingwithacoachtoperfecthistechniqueandimprovehisperformance.Andfinally，thedayofthecompetitionarrived.

注意：

（1）所续写的短文词数应为150个左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Standinginfrontofthestartinglineagain，Tomfeltnervous._____

Tomfellintothesea._____

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、B、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据EvergladesNationalPark，Florida部分Thismakesitanimportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee，Americancrocodile，andFloridajaguar.（这使它成为许多稀有和濒危物种的重要栖息地，如海牛、美洲鳄鱼和佛罗里达美洲虎。）可知，美洲鳄鱼生活在恶魔湾国家公园。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据MammothCaveNationalPark，Kentucky部分ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.（这些洞穴令人难以置信，足以成为BBC必看纪录片《地球脉动》的特色。）可知，巨洞国家公园被BBC的纪录片《地球脉动》所专题报道。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据OlympicNationalPark，Washington部分Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems，OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.（拥有如此多样的生态系统，奥林匹克是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一。）可知，OlympicNationalPark拥有多种生态系统，是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一，具有丰富的生物多样性。故选B。

本文介绍了美国四个最佳自然公园：佛罗里达的恶魔湾国家公园、亚利桑那的大峡谷国家公园、肯塔基的巨洞国家公园和华盛顿的奥林匹克国家公园。这些公园分别以其独特的自然景观和生物多样性而闻名，吸引着大量游客前来观光和探险。其中，恶魔湾国家公园是美国最大的亚热带荒野保护区，而大峡谷国家公园则是世界上最大的峡谷之一。巨洞国家公园的洞穴内栖息着200种动物，其中42种生活在完全黑暗的环境中。奥林匹克国家公园则拥有多种生态系统，是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。4~7.【答案】D、C、C、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting，it'snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess，orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages（由于中文以图片为基础的书写方式，你不可能猜到，也不可能通过你对其他起源于拉丁语的语言的一点点了解就能得出答案），可知中文独特的书写方式使他很难理解中文，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段的ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself，thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo，whichishugelyrewarding（当我第一次自己叫出租车时，司机实际上明白了我想去哪里，这是非常值得的），可知作者想通过他的打车经历来展示他为在中文方面取得进步而感到高兴，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段的So，fornow，Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons（眼界）andenjoyingmytimehere（所以，现在，我只是期待着扩大我的文化视野，享受我在这里的时光），可知作者目前的期望是拓宽他的文化视野，故选C。

（4）标题判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段的MyfirstfewdaysinChinawereaculturalshocktosaytheleast.Havingarrivedlateinthesemester，Iimmediatelyhadtobeginmybeginners'Chineseclasses，alongwiththenewestclassofoverseasstudents.Beingsurroundedbyalanguagethatisn'tyourownisunbelievablyannoying（至少可以说，我在中国的头几天是一次文化冲击。由于学期晚到，我不得不和最新一班的留学生一起开始我的汉语初学者课程。被一种不是你自己的语言包围是令人难以置信的讨厌）和最后一段的Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However，itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina（掌握一门语言是一项非常有价值的技能。然而，这并不是我在中国获得的唯一收获），可知本文主要讲述自己在中国学习汉语和适应中国文化的经历。所以D.StudyinginChina：challengingbutrewarding（在中国学习：具有挑战性但有回报）可以反映文章的主题，适合作为标题，故选D。

这是一篇记叙文，主要写了作者在中国学习汉语和适应中国文化的经历。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。8~11.【答案】B、A、B、B【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据后文Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.（这项研究发现了不吃早餐和认知健康逐渐衰退之间的联系）判断，划线词所在句子Accordingtoarecentstudy，consumingthreelargelycomparablemealseachdaytomeetourenergydemandsmaybethemosteffectivemethodtopreventcognitive（认知的）deterioration.（根据最近的一项研究，每天吃三顿大体相当的饭来满足我们的能量需求可能是防止认知能力退化的最有效方法）可推知，划线词deterioration意为"退化"。A．Increase.增加；B．Decline.下降，衰退；C．Exchange.交换；D．Spread.传播。划线词与decline意思接近，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中With

previous

study

focusing

on

how

the

quality

of

the

food

we

consume

can

affect

our

health，there

hasn't

been

much

research

on

how

our

daily

energy

intake

is

distributed

and

how

it

can

affect

our

cognitive

health

over

the

long

term，as

well

as

if

it

might

affect

our

risk

of

dementia

（痴呆）.（以前的研究集中在我们摄入的食物质量如何影响我们的健康，但对于我们每天摄入的能量是如何分布的，它如何长期影响我们的认知健康，以及它是否会影响我们患痴呆症的风险，却没有太多的研究）可知，最近的研究和以前的研究区别主要在于研究的内容不同，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段A

recent

study，in

which

the

data

from

the

1997-2006

China

Health

and

Nutrition

Survey

were

analyzed，examines

the

possible

impact

of

various

meal

schedules

on

cognitive

decline

in

order

to

better

understand

this.（通过分析从中国健康与营养调查获得的1997年至2006年的数据，为了更好地理解这种关系，最近的一项调查审视了各种饮食习惯对于认知衰退的可能的影响）可知，这项调查主要是通过分析以前的数据进行的，故选B。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段The

findings

demonstrate

that，in

comparison

to

either

less

balanced

ways

of

absorbing

one's

total

caloric

intake

or

less

equally

distributed

ways

of

ingesting

one'

s

total

energy

intake，eating

three

balanced

meals

each

day

is

related

with

superior

cognitive

function.（研究结果表明，与吸收总热量摄入的不均衡方式或摄入总能量摄入的不均衡方式相比，每天吃三顿均衡的膳食与较高的认知功能有关）可知，最好的认知功能是由三餐均衡饮食促成的，故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项研究表明优秀的认知功能与三餐均衡饮食有关。最近的一项研究发现，每天摄入三顿大致相同的饭菜以满足能量需求可能是预防认知衰退最有效的方法。研究发现，不吃早餐与认知健康逐渐衰退有关。研究还揭示，一顿饭摄入的热量比另一顿多并不会导致认知功能迅速衰退，但与每天均衡饮食相比，也不能像均衡饮食那样改善认知能力。这项最新研究分析了1997年至2006年中国健康与营养调查的数据，以研究不同的饮食时间表对认知衰退的可能影响，以更好地了解这一问题。研究收集了中国3，342人在十年期间的调查结果，并将其纳入统计数据。研究对象的平均年龄为62.2岁，年龄最小为55岁。研究不包括认知衰退严重的人。每位参与者在研究期间接受了饮食评估和电话认知测试。该测试评估了每个人快速和缓慢回忆单词、倒数和从给定数字中快速减去7的能力。研究结果表明，与不均衡摄入总热量或不均匀分配总能量摄入的方式相比，每天摄入三餐均衡饮食与更好的认知功能相关。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。12~15.【答案】C、D、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Inasimpletest，researchersplacedthedownyanimals，hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness，oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs，onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes，mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.（在一个简单的测试中，研究人员将这些在完全黑暗中孵化不到一天的毛茸茸的动物，一次一只地放入一个特殊的盒子里。盒子两侧的两个屏幕分别播放橙色小球移动的视频，一个向上移动，另一个向下移动。在20分钟的时间里，大多数小鸡都犹豫不决地走到有向上移动的球的盒子一端）可知，关于新生的小鸡，测试发现它们更喜欢上升的物体。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Chicks，however，canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching，whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.（然而，小鸡在孵化后很快就能做出相对复杂的动作，这使它们成为探索倾向如何发挥作用的理想候选者）可知，新生的小鸡比人类婴儿更适合测试因为它们出生后不久就能表现出复杂的行为。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld，"Versacesays，"becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown."（"在生态世界中，以一致的方式对抗重力与有生命的物体有关，"范思哲说，"因为通常你会看到水往下流，或者石头往下掉。"）可知，范思哲认为反重力在自然界的物种中很常见。故选A。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched，soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.（萨尔瓦希望在这一领域看到的下一个实验是，开始确定当倾向被启动时，大脑的哪些区域是活跃的，这样科学家就可以更好地理解机制是如何工作的）可知，萨尔瓦期望未来的实验会提供大脑的详细工作原理。故选B。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在伦敦的一个实验室里，新生的小鸡迈出了生命的第一步，它们可能会成为解决大脑一大难题的一部分。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及这一实验的意义。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。16~20.【答案】G、A、C、E、F【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文However，beyondtheseexhibits，thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors，whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations'wisdom.（然而，在这些展品之外，还有祖先制作的工具，这些工具通过几代人的智慧展示了传统。）可知，本句承接上文，说明祖先制作工作的智慧的具体体现。G选项Theskillsinvolvedinshapingastonetoolrepresentoneoftheearliestculturalpractices.（塑造石器的技巧代表了最早的文化实践之一。）符合语境，故选G。

（2）联系上文题。根据上文Yourcountry，religiousorganizations，orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.（你的国家、宗教组织或移民族群几乎肯定会庆祝重大节日或文化节。）可知，上文提到了庆祝重大节日或文化节，故本句承接上文，建议参加这些节日来了解文化。A选项Participatetogetabroaderviewofyourculture.（参与进来，对你的文化有更广泛的了解。）符合语境，故选A。

（3）语境衔接题。根据上文Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother'scookbook.（从你祖母的食谱中找一些食谱。）以及后文Asyoukneaddough（揉面）orfollowtherightamountofspices，youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.（当你揉面团或按照正确的香料量，你可能会想起童年或假期的饭菜。烹饪你的家庭食谱可以帮助你继承家庭传统，并使它有可能传承下去。）可知，上文提到了找食谱，可推测本句主要说明从嗅觉和味觉中了解家庭传统，C选项Smellandtastehavepowerfulconnec