比较级与最高级

PAGEPAGE5比较级与最高级语法专讲姓名________形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。一、形容词的原级及用法◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2.可以修饰原级的词:veryquiteenough(“足够”,用在形容词后)soprettytoohowrather(相当)(not)as…as(“(不)像…一样”,同级比较)notso…as(“不像…一样”,同级比较)e.g.Howhappyweare!我们多么高兴啊！Thisrulerisaslongasthatone.这把尺子和那把一样长。(变否定句)Thisrulerisnotas/solongasthatone.二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则①单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加estcold—colder—coldesttall—taller—tallesthigh—higher—highestlong—longer—longest②以字母e结尾的词只加r或stnice—nicer—nicestlate—later—latestfine—finer—finest③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或estbig—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottestwet—wetter—wettestthin—thinner—thinnestred—redder—reddestfat—fatter—fattestsad—sadder—saddest④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或esteasy—easier—easiestearly—earlier—earliestfunny—funnier—funniesthappy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviestdirty—dirtier—dirtiest⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或mostinterestingimportantdifficultexcitiedtiredcarefulpopularexpensiveboringfun⑥不规则变化little——less——leastgood/well——better——bestbad/ill/badly——worse——worstmany/much——more——mostold——older——oldest(年龄大的,与than连用)old——elder——eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用)far——farther——farthest(距离远)far——further——furthest(除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…”2.可以修饰比较级的词:much=alot(…得多)alittle=abit(…一点点)even(甚至)far(远远…)any(丝毫,稍微,用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志:thanor4.形容词比较级句式:①A+be+形容词的比较级+than+B.(A比B…)②Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,AorB?(哪个/谁更…,A还是B？)练习写出下列句子凯特很瘦。凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？玛丽比凯特更瘦。玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？这个箱子比书包更沉。5.副词比较级句式:①A＋实义动词＋副词的比较级＋thanB.(A…得比B…)②Which/Who+实义动词三单,AorB?(哪个/谁…得更…,A还是B？)练习写出下列句子自行车和轿车哪个走得快？轿车比自行车走得快。这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。这只羊比狗跑得快吗？吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。(上句同义句)___________________________________________6.比较级特殊用法:①the+比较级+ofthetwo…——“两者中较…的”他是两个男孩中较高的。He’sthetallerofthetwoboys.②“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+多音节词”——“越来越…”他越来越高。He’stallerandtaller.英语越来越重要Englishismoreandmoreimportant.③The+比较级…,the+比较级…——“越…,越…”你越快乐就越美丽。Thehappieryouare,themorebeautifulyouare.④not+比较级+than…——“不如…,不比…”no+比较级+than…——“一样都不…”Youarenottallerthanme.你不比我高。Youarenotallerthanme.你和我一样都不高。⑤比较级+thananyother+sig.+in+同一范围——“比同一范围中其他任何一个更…”比较级+thanany+sig.+in+非同一范围——“比非同一范围中任何一个更…”She’snicerthananyothergirlinherclass.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较)She’snicerthananygirlinhersister’sclass.她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…”2.比较级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。3.最高级标志:inofor4.句式:①the+最高级+(n.)+in+比较范围我是我们班最聪明的。I’mthecleverestinourclass.②the+最高级+(n.)+of+同类事物这本书是所有书中最有趣的。Thebookisthemostinterestingofallthebooks.③Which/Who+v.(单数)+最高级,A,BorC?Jay,Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？Whoisthemostpopular,Jay,WillorJJ?五、例题解析与难点攻克◆主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？请判断正误:1.ShelooksnicerthanIdo.()ShelooksnicerthanI.()Shelooksnicerthanme.()Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词),而谓语部分可省略;than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格◆主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题2.Herhairislongerthanhermother.()Herhairislongerthanhermother’s.()3.Mybagisbiggerthanyou.()Mybagisbiggerthanyour.()Mybagisbiggerthanyourbag.()Mybagisbiggerthanyours.()Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为:①限定词+n.②名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)③名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.)mineyourshishersitsourstheirs4.TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanShanghai.()TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.()Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes指代比较对象。◆比较范围5.TheChangjingRiveristhelongest____China.TheChangjingRiveristhelongest____alltheriversinChina.Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。6.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.()ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.()◆同义句转换问题7.Heistallerthananyoneelseintheclass.=Heistaller_____________studentintheclass.=Heistaller________________studentsintheclass.=Heisthe________studentintheclass.Notes:同一范围内比较比较级+thananyother+sig.+in=比较级+thananyoneelse+in…=比较级+thantheother+pl.+in…(只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else)非同一范围内比较比较级+thanany+sig.+in…8.Thiscoatismoreexpensiverthanthatone.=Thatcoatis________thanthisone.=Thatcoatisn’t_____big_____thisone.Notes:A+v.+比较级+than+B(A比B更…)=B+v.+比较级反义词+than+A(B比A更…)=B+v.+notas(so)…as…(B与A不一样…)◆“less+多音节词原级+than…”“不如…”—降级比较=Thatcoatislessexpensivethanthisone.SelfCheck1.Ifeeltired,soIwanttogotobed____tonight.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later2.Thefoodofourcountryis___thanthatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.sogoosas3.Theiceinthelakeisas____asitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestDthethinnest4.Whois_____runningstarinyourschool?A.famousB.morefamousC.themostfamousD.lessfamous5.—Whichseasondoyoulike_____?—Summer.A.goodB.wellC.thebetterD.best6.Lucy’spenis___nicerthanyours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.alittle7.—Isyourbrotherasoutgoingasyou?—No,he’saquietboy.Heis________.A.lessoutgoingthanmeB.notsocalmasIC.moreoutgoingthanmeD.asoutgoingasI8.—Howareyoutoday?—Much____.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.thebest9.Tom’scardisnewerthan____.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10.___ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerC.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers11.Marystudiesharder______inherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone1.Heis3timesas_____(old)asme.2.I’mtootiredtogoany_________.(far)3.Whois_____,LilyorLucy?4.Tomisthe_______(heavy)ofthethree.5.Tomisthe_______ofthetwoboys.6.Russiais_______(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7.Hiscomputeristhe_______________(expensive)ofall.8.Youarepretty___________(beautiful).9.Thebookis____________(useful)thanthatone.10.Who’sthe_________(healthy),you,heorshe?11.How______(small)theshirtis!Iwanta________(big)one.12.Youhave_______(short)and______(curly)hairthanSusan.13.Isthisstreetalot______(noisy)thanthatone?14.Ifeelmuch_____________(excited)now.15.Soccerisbecoming___