2017-2021北京重点区高三（上）期中英语汇编：阅读题型章节综合

2017-2021北京重点区高三(上)期中英语汇编

阅读题型章节综合

阅读理解(共4小题)

1.(2021北京•海淀高三期中)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

IamnotsurehowmanybooksIhavereread,butperhapsitisfewerthantheaverageperson.Forme,thepleasureof

rereadingisanewlydiscoveredone,thoughthesourcematerialisnot.

IusedtolakethesameapproachtobooksasIdidtotravel：don'tgotothesameplacetwice.Lifeistooshort.Thereisso

muchtoreadandsomuchtoseeandexperience.ThenIrealisedthatthefactthatlifeisshortmightworktheotherwayaround,

too：ifyouknowyouenjoysomething,orsomewhere,immensely,thenwhynotreturn?Itmakessensewhenwehave

limitedamountsoftime.

RecentlyIrereadJosephHeller'sCatch-22.1wasinspiredtodosowhenremindedofhowhe'drespondwhenpeopleasked

himwhyhe'dneverwrittenanythingasgood：”Whohas?”

Catch-22prettymuchsavedmylifewhenIfirstreadit.Iwasanextremelydepressed17-year-old,haddroppedoutof

sixthformtwice,didn*tleavethehouseatall.anddidn'thavealife.ltfellasthoughIhadn'tlaughedinsuchalonglime-

me,apersonwholoveslaughing-becauseIhadn't.Catch-22hadmehowling.ltmanagedtolakemeoutofthelittleprivate

lonelyworldIhadcometoinhabit,andthoughitsthemesareserious,itssheerwitandclevernesscheeredmeimmensely.1

relatedtoitscharacterswhoarethemselvestrapped.Iamnowplanningtorereadthesortofbooksthatinspiredmeinmyown

writing-worksIhaven'tpickedupforalonglimebutthatmightenergizemeduringatimeinwhichallofourbatteriesam

flashinglow.

There'scomfort,too,inreadingtheformativebooksoneloved,andthosesetinperiodsotherthanourown-the19th-

centuryandtheearly20th-centurytalesofsociety.Iwon'ttakeabreakaltogetherfromreadingthemostrecentreleases,but

Ihavetriedtodipmorefrequentlyintothehistoricaldocuments.TheironyisthatIownaridiculousnumberofbooks,which

Fvebeenneglecting(忽略)thiswholetime.Nolonger.

(1)Whatapproachdidtheauthorusetotaketobooksandtravel?

(2)HowdidCatch-22benefittheauthor?

(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Theauthorwillreadhistoricaldocuments,butstopreadingnewbooks.

(4)Whatdoesrereadingmeantoyou?(inabout40words)

2.(2021北京•朝阳高三期中)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

InagrowingnumberofschooldistrictsacrossAmerica,studentsmustwearauniform.AccordingtotheUSDepartmentof

Education,wearingauniformcanmaintaindisciplineandhelpschoolsrecognizethosewhocometotheschool

illegally.Schoolsclaimthatwhenstudentscomeinuniform,itimprovesdisciplineandleadstoacademicgains.However,

studentsprotestedthedecision.

Amoreimportantquestioniswhetherthereisanyevidencetoshowthatmandatory(强制的)uniformpoliciescanlead

toimprovedstudentoutcomes.A2(X)3studythatusedalargenationaldatasetconcludedthatelementaryandmiddleschools

withschooluniformshadfewerstudentbehaviorproblems.Butitfoundthathighschoolshadagreaterfrequencyof

misbehavior.

Interestingly,evenwhenevidenceisavailable,educatorscouldtaketheoppositeview.Forexample,astudyofeducators

in38NorthCarolinahighschoolsfoundthat61%oftheschoolmastersbelievedthattherewasareductionincasesof

misbehavioroncampuswhenschooluniformswereintroduced.Inreality,thedatashowednochangeinincidentsof

suspensions(停学)andotherproblems.

Similarly,researchontheeffectivenessofschooluniformsonincreasingstudentattendanceandachievementis

confusing.Forexample,onestudyconcludedthatschooluniformsresultedinincreasedstudentachievementandincreased

attendance.However,anotherstudyfoundlittleimpactonacademicsatalllevelsandlittleevidenceofimprovementin

attendanceforgirlsanddropinattendanceforboys.So,whatdoeslackofconsistentresearchmeanforpolicy?

Inmyview,itdoesnotmeanthatschoolsshouldnotcarryoutsuchpolicies.ltdoesmean,however,thateducatorsmust

beclearaboutthegoalsthattheyhopetoachieve.Decreaseddisciplineproblems,increasedattendanceandacademic

achievementmaynotbeachievedjustbywearinguniforms.Buttheremaybeotherbenefits,forinstance,itcouldhelpa

schoolpromoteitsbrandthroughauniformlook.Schooluniformsmayalsoserveasasymbolofcommitmenttoacademic

achievement.

(1)WhyarestudentsrequiredtowearschooluniformsinAmerica?

(2)Whatarethefindingsofthe2003study?

(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Somestudiesshowedwearingschooluniformshelpedimprovestudents*performance,butotherstudiesfoundnoconsistent

results,soschoolsshouldstoptheschooluniformpolicy.

(4)Whatdoyouthinkofwearingschooluniforms?Explainyourreasons.(Inabout40words)

3.(2020北京•朝阳高三期中)

FoodasCommunication

Weusuallyunderstandwhensomeonespeaksorwritestous,andmanygestures(手势)andfacialexpressionshave

meaning,too.Buthaveyoueverconsideredwhatandhowweeatasaformofcommunication?Inmanycultures,people

sittogetherandsharefoodatmealtimes,whichisacommontraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsoplay

animportantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrations.Thefoodsweeat-andwhenandhowweeatthem-areoftenunique

toaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenareaswithinonecountry.

Inmostcultures,breadrepresentsdeliciousfood.Itisalsooneofthemostcommonlysharedfoodsintheworld.Sharing

breadisacommonsymbolofcompanionshipandtogetherness.Infact,thewordcompanioncomesfromtheLatinrootscom

一(together)andpanis(bread).Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithdecoratedcakesthatarecut

andsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomof

sharingbread.

Therearefoodslikebreadinothercultures.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisbakedinto

thecake,whichstandsforsuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.MostofthefoodseatenduringtheChinese

NewYearhavesignificance.Sometimesthisisbasedontheirshape；forexample,longnoodlessymbolizelonglife.The

symbolismcanalsobebasedonthesoundofthewordinChinese；forexample,peoplegiveoutorangesbecausetheword

for"orange"soundslikethewordfor"wealth".Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesare

eatenatwelcomecelebrationstosymbolizefamilyunity.

Foodisessentialforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatitissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.The

foodpeopleeatduringcelebrationsmayhavealonghistoryandcansymbolizemanythings,butsharingfoodisonecustom

thatalmostallhumanshaveincommon.

(1)Whydoestheauthorregardeatingfoodasaformofcommunication?

(2)HowdopeoplecelebratebirthdaysandmaiTiagesinmanycultures?

(3)WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?

(4)Manyofthefoodtraditionsmentionedinthepassageareveryold.Whyaretheystillimportanttoday?

4.(2020北京•海淀高三期中)Istarteddrawinghousesatsix.Unlikemostgirls,mydreamwastobuildabackyard

clubhouse-adreamthatwasunrealisticgiventhatwelivedinanapartment.ByhighschoolIcontinueddrawingandmy

dreamsbroadened-tobecomeanarchitect.Myolderbrothertoldmethatlookauniversityeducation.Butmyfamilycouldn't

affordthatkindofelucidation.Still,Itannedtheflameofhope.

Igotapart-timejobatBaysideBowlandstartedsavingmoney.Mybankaccount,however,wasgrowingquite

slowly.WhenIlookedatcollegecatalogs,Icouldn'timaginehowIwouldevergetthere.IdecidedIoshrink(缩小)my

dreamstoamorerealisticsize.

Soonafterthat,anewcomerstartedfrequentingBaysideBowl.Shearrivedaloneandalwayscarriedapinkbagwithaball

inside.Herdark,wrinkledskinandcurlygrayhairmadeherstandoutamongouryoungercustomers.Shetalkedtome

wheneverIcleanednearherlane.IlearnedhernamewasBessie.Shehadbeenasingerforaslongasshecouldremember.In

her20sshehadtriedtogetajobasarestaurantsinger."Iwasayoungblackwoman,andintheearly1950sdoorsdidn't

exactlyopenwideforme.Zilch!"shesaid.

Iadmiredherabilitytopickupasplit,hutIalsoappreciatedheradvice."Life'slikebowling."shewouldsay."Setyour

eyesonyourtargetandfollowthrough."Indeed,Bessiehadn'tletthe"zilches"stopher.Shehadsavedupandenrolledinthe

BrightwoodMusicAcademy.ltturnedoutthisladywiththepinkbowlingbagwastheBessieRichards,arecordingartistof

the1960s.

Bessiemovedontolivewithhersister,hutbeforeleaving,sheleftmewitha$50tipforhelpingheratthelanes,a

remindertoignoretheuzilchesninmylife,andsomelinesofpoetryshehadcopiedfromabook.Bessiesaid,"Readthis

whenthegoingseemstough.Itllhelpyoufollowthroughandreachforyourgoal.'*Thesearethelines：

Holdfasttodreams

Forifdreamsdie

Lifeisabroken-wingedbird

Thatcannotfly.

Holdfasttodreams

Forwhendreamsgo

Lifeisabarrenfield

Frozenwithsnow.

AyearhaspassedsinceIlastbowledwithBessie,andFveresumedmydrawing.Tmworkingandsavingmoney,taking

draftingclasses,andapplyingforinternships(实习).WheneverI'mdiscouraged,Irereadthoselinesofpoetry.

There'llbenobarrenfieldoffrozensnownorzilchesforme.InspiredbyBessieandthepoem,Iplantocontinuetodream.

(1)Whatwastheauthor'sdreamwhenshewasinhighschool?

(2)Whydidtheauthorshrinkherdreamtoarealisticsize?

(3)Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentence"Lifeislikebowling”?

(4)DescribeoneofBessie*scharacteristicsandexplainwhy.

(5)Whoisthe''Bessie"inyourlife?Howdoesheorshehelpyoutopursueyourdream?

二.信息匹配(共10小题)

5.(2021北京•海淀高三期中)

What'sinaname?

Somewordssoundlikewhattheymean.Andtheycouldinfluenceeverythingfromfictionaldepictionsofalienstoyourfirst

impressiononajobapplication.Butmostwordshavenoapparentconnectiontowhattheysignify.AsthelinguistStevenPinker

putsit,wecalladog"dog"becauseeveryoneelsedoes.Andthat'showitliftstobe.(1)

Thatruleappliestomostwords,butnotall.Thewordspopandmurmursoundliketheysound.Trytoshouttheword

whisper.Weird,right?(2)Itseemsnaturaltoassociatethenamesoflargeanimals,forexample,withlow-

pitchedsounds：say,elephant,comparedwithmouse.Pinkerandothersarguethaticonicityisrareinlanguage,butplenty

ofpsychologistsandlinguistsdisagree.

Beyondthedebates,therearefar-reachingimplicationsforhumaninteraction.(3)Peopleassociatethe"round”

soundsinpeople'snameswithonesetofcharacteristics,andnamesfeaturing“sharp“soundswithaverydifferentset.HAnne

tendstoheconscientious,hardworkingandsensitive,"PennyPexman,apsychologistatUniversityofCanadasays."Kale

isexpectedtobeextroverted,lessconscientious,lesshardworkingandlessagreeable.1'

Luckily,surveyssuggestthatthelinkexistsonlyinthemindofthepersonmakingit.(4)"Youcouldconstructa

littlehitofanunlikelysituationwherepeoplestarttolookliketheirnamesovertimeandmaybepeople'spersonalitiesstartto

matchtheirnamesthroughsomesortofcongruency(一致性).Butwedidn'tfindthat."Pexmansays.There*salsonoevidence

thatpeoplearebasingtheirjudgmentsonpeopletheymetpreviously.

(5)"Wehavevideosofpeoplebeinginterviewedforjobsandwewillmanipulatethenamesofthosecandidates

beforeothersevaluatethem,"shesays.

"Whafsinaname?"WilliamShakespeareaskedusinRomeoandJuliet."Thatwhichwecallarosebyanyothername

wouldsmellassweet."Well,perhapsnot.

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthatnamesdefinewhoweare.

B.Peoplelendtoexpectonetohavespecifictrailsbasedonhowone'snamesounds.

C.Englishlanguagehasdevelopedaruleofnamesreflectingpeople'sgoodqualities.

D.Itwouldoverwhelmoursensesifeverywordwespokecamewithadeepermeaning.

E.Suchtermsshowsoundiconicity,orasimilaritybetweenaword'sformandmeaning.

F.ThereisnoevidencethattheKatesoftheworldaremoreextrovertedthantheAntics.

G.Pexmanwillalsoexaminehowpeople'snamescouldaffecttheirchancesofbeingchosenafteraninterview.

6.(2018北京•海淀高三期中)

HowtoTurnYourGoalsintoHabits

Firstwemakeourhabits,thenourhabitsmakeus.It'ssuchasimpleconcept,yetit'ssomethingwedon'talwaysdo.

IbelievethathavingONEgoaltofocusonismuchmorepowerfulthanhavingmanygoals.Byputtingthebeliefinto

practice,Ihaveachievedalotofpersonalgoalsovertime.(1)Myanswertakesalittleexplaining.Itrytoturn

mygoalsintohabits,andindoingso,Iputmygoalsonautopilot.Turningagoalintoahabitmeansreallyfocusingonit

foratleastamonth.Themoreyoucanfocus,themoreit'llbeonautopilot.(2)Youllstilldoit,butyouonly

havetouseminimalforcetomaintainit,andyoucanfocusonyournextgoalorhabit.

Takemymarathongoalasanexample.Iwasjuststartingrunningandhadthebrilliantideatorunamarathonwithina

year.Sothatwasmygoal.(3)First,Ihadtomakerunningadailyhabit.Second,Ihadtoreporttopeople

inordertohaveaccountability(负责)sothatIcouldnotquiteasily.Ifocusedonthedailyrunninghabitforabouta

month,anddidn*thaveanyothergoalsorhabits.Whentherunninghabitstuck,IstartedreportingtopeopleIknewand

bloggingaboutmyrunningeveryday.

(4)Icouldfocusonnewgoalswithouthavingtoworryaboutthemarathon.Istillhadtodotherunning,of

course,butitdidn'trequireconstantfocus.(5)Iwasabletoachievethisbecause,allyearlong,Ihaddaily

runningandaccountabilityhabits.Iputmymarathongoalintoautopilot,soinsteadofstrugglingwithitdailyforanentire

year,Ifocusedonitforonemonthandwasabletoaccomplishitwhilefocusingonnewhabitsandgoals.

A.Andeventually,Iranthefirstmarathoninmylife.

B.Atthebeginning,itwasverydifficultformetoachievethisgoal.

C.Butinordertoachieveit,Ibrokeitdownintotwohabits.

D.Withthisaccountability,there'snowayIcouldstoprunning.

E.Onceyouputitonautopilot,youdon'thavetofocusonitmuch.

F.MyreadersaskedmehowIwasabletoachievethemwhileworkingondifferentprojects.

G.Oncethosetwohabitswereestablished,mymarathongoalwasprettymuchonautopilot.

7.(2021北京•朝阳高三期中)

YourMusicalPreferenceGivesInsightintoHowYouThink

AstudyoutofCambridgefoundthatyourmusicalpreferencescangiveinsightsintohowyouthink.Thestudyfocusedona

particularpsychologicaltheoryofpersonalityknownastheEmpathizing-Systemizing(E-S)Theory.(1)An

empathizerlikestofocusonandrespondtotheemotionsofothers,whileasystemizerlikestoanalyserulesandpatternsin

theworid.Cognitivestylemayseemlikeanunusualwaytogrouppeople,buttheresearchersfoundthatitworkedwell.

"Althoughpeople'smusicchoiceschangeovertime,we'vediscoveredaperson'sempathylevelandthinkingstylepredict

whatkindofmusictheylike,saidPhDstudentDavidGreenberg,theleaderofthestudy,inastatement.(2)

Tostudyasomewhatunusualsubject,theytookasomewhatuniqueroute：TheygathereddatathroughFacebook.Over4,

000peopleparticipatedthroughthemyPersonalityappbyfirsttakingapersonalityassessment.Later,theylistenedtoand

rated50musicalpieces.

Forthosewhoscoredhighonempathy,theytendedtoprefersoftrock,R&B,country,andfolk.(3)Further,

theytendedtoenjoymusicthathadlowenergy,negativeemotions,oremotionaldepth.Fromthesecharacteristics,the

researchersidentifiedseveralsongsthatwouldbeidealforempathizers：”Hallelujah”byJeffBuckley,"Comeawaywith

me"byNorahJones,and”Allofme"byBillieHoliday.

(4)Theyfavoredintensemusicanddislikedthesoftandsimplestyles.Theirmusictendedtowardshighenergy,

orpositiveemotions,andalsofeaturedahighdegreeofdepthandcomplexity.Fromthis,theresearchersbelievedthat

"ConcertoinC"byAntonioVivaldi,"EtudeOpus65No.3"byAlexanderScriabin,andMEnterSandman"byMetallica

wouldbeidealsongsforsystemizers.

(5)"Alotofmoneyisputintoalgorithms(运算法蛆J)tochoosewhatmusicyoumaywanttolistento,for

example,onSpotifyandAppleMusic,"saidGreenberg.HByknowinganindividual'sthinkingstyle,suchservicesmight

infuturebeabletofinetunetheirmusicrecommendationstoanindividual."

A.Buttheydislikedmoreintensemusiclikepunkandheavymetal.

B.Thesefindingscouldproveuseful,especiallyforthemusicindustry.

C.Meanwhile,thosewhoscoredhighonsystemizingwereexactlyopposite.

D.Basedonthefindings,researchersrecommendparticularstylesfordifferentpeople.

E.Itdividespeopleintogroupsaccordingtowhethertheytendtoempathizeorsystemize.

F.Hearguedthatmusicalpreferencesreflectclearcharacteristicssuchasageandpersonality.

G.Hearguedpeopledcognitivestylecanbeabetterpredictorofwhatmusictheylikethantheirpersonality.

8.(2020北京•朝阳高三期中)

OurAmazingHands

Thehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfirestoflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehuman

brain,withitsopen-endedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,allthe

ideaswethinkupwouldcometonothing.

(1)Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb(拇指)aloneiscontrolledbynine

separatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves(神经).Thenervessendbranchesinto

eachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.(2)

Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.

Butbythetimevertebrates(脊椎动物)appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.(3)

Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsare

beginningtounderstandthemolecular(分子的)changesinhands.(4)Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimals

verysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes(基因)thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.

Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird*swingandalion'spaw(爪)

mayappeartohavenothingincommon.(5)Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein(蛋白)here,alittlelessof

anotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromacommonancestor.

Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.

A.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.

B.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.

C.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon'tyetknow.

D.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.

E.Butthedifferencebetweenthemmaycomedowntoatinychangeinform.

F.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.

G.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.

9.(2020北京•海淀高三期中)

IsManagingKids'ScreenTimeaGoodIdea?

Screentimeisabigtopicofconversationintoday'shouseholds,particularlyduringthepandemicwhenonlineeducation

hourshavemultipliedformanystudents.(1)Theyhopetosparetheirkidsfromthecountlesschallengesthat

technologycanbring.Yetthechallengesofscreentimeoveruseseldomcomefromkids*devicesthemselves,butratherfrom

thetenserelationshipsthattechnologycanbringtofamilies.(2)Buttechnologyhaspositivebenefitstoo.Sinceevery

childandfamilyisdifferent,managingscreentimecallsforjointfamilydecision-making.

Ifparentsbelievetheycanmanageachild'sscreentimethroughadolescence,theyarenotonlyfoolingthemselvesbutalso

invitingrelationshiptroublewiththeirteens.Itisamythtothinkthatparentscanorshouldmanagetheirkids'screentime

throughauthoritarianrestrictions,evenduringelementaryschool.(3)Whenchildrenareleftoutofthosedecisions,

theyoftenbecomelesscommunicativewithparentsandsiblings.Thisistheoppositeofwhatparentswanttoachieve.

(4)Fromearlyages,childrenarequitecapableofunderstandingthatagoodlifeinvolvesawarenessandbalance.

Justastheylearnrightfromwrong,andgoodfrombad,theycanalsoleamtousetechnologyinhealthyways.Learning

howtoregulateoneselfanddevelophealthybehaviorsisoneoftheprimarytasksofchildhoodandadolescence.Whathappens

whenanadulttriestoregulateachildisthatthechildmissesoutontheopportunitytolearnfbrthemselves.Enforced

restrictionscanalsomakechildrenfeelhelplessandlessconfident.

Tobeclear,thisarticleisnotsuggestingthatfamiliesneveruseappsortrackers,orthatthereshouldbenorestrictionson

screentime.(5)Parentsshouldgivevoicetochildrenandinvolvethemintheplanninganddecision-makingprocess.

A.Ofcourse,therearewebsitesthatareunhealthyforkidstoaccess.

B.Thealternativeistoinvolvechildrenindecisionsthatgovernscreentime.

C.However,everyfamilyneedsafamilymediaplanbetweenfamilymembers.

D.Thegoalistosee,hear,feel,andunderstandhowchildrenviewscreentime.

E.Tomanagechildren'sscreentime,parentshaveinvestedinappsandtrackers.

F.Togetchildreninvolved,parentsshouldtrustanddevelopkids'self-awareness.

G.Whatitissuggestingisthatparentslookatmanagingscreentimeinadifferentway.

10.(2019北京•朝阳高三期中)

RobotTeachers

Ifyouthinkofthejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersatthetopthelist.(1)

Butareweunderestimatingwhatrobotscando?Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing

illness.Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorecomfortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.

(2)_____

BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom：

2027.Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformationandteacherswillbelikeassistants.(3)Then

theywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.It*snotapopularopinionanditsunlikelyrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同

理心、)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.(4)Arobotteacherisbetterthanno

teacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen'tenoughteachersand9-16percentofchildrenundertheageof14

don'tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheycanteachanywhereandwon'tgetstressed,

ortried，ormovesomewhereforaneasierjob.

Thosenegativeaspectsofteachingaresomethingeveryoneagreeson.Teachersallovertheworldfeeloverworkedbecause

itisadifficultjob.(5)Teacherswastealotoftimedoingnon-teachingwork,includingmorethan11hoursa

weekmarkinghomework.Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswould

havemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.

A.Onethingiscertain,though.

B.Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?

C.Itisarguedthatrobotteachersarelikelytoimpactchildren'sprivacy.

D.However,peopleareworriedabouttheuseofrobotteachersinschools.

E.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents'faces,movementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.

F.Perhapsthequestionisnot'Willrobotsreplaceteachers?'but'Howcanrobotshelpteachers?'

G.It'seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.

11.(2019北京•海淀高三期中)

PlayHelpsDevelopBigger,BetterBrains!

Playingisaseriousbusiness.Childrenabsorbedinamake-believeworld,babyfoxesplay-fightingorkittensteasing

aballofstringaren*tjusthavingfun.Playmaylooklikeacarefreewaytopassthetimebeforethehardworkofadulthood

comesalong,butthere'smuchmoretoit.

Ifplayisnotsimplyawaytohavefun,forwhatotherreasonshasitdeveloped?(1)Earlierthisyear,Sergio

PellisofLethbridgeUniversity,Canada,reportedthatthereisastrongpositivelinkbetweenbrainsizeandplayfulness

amongmammalsingeneral.(2)Theoppositewasalsofoundtobetrue.

AccordingtoJohnByersofIdahoUniversity,thetimingoftheplayfulstageinyounganimalsprovidesanimportantclue

towhat'sgoingon.Ifyouplottheamountoftimeachilddevotestoplayeachdayoverthecourseofitsdevelopment,you

discoverapatterntypicallyassociatedwitha"sensitiveperiod1'-abriefdevelopmentwindowduringwhichthebraincan

actuallybeadjustedinwaysthatarenotpossibleearlierorlaterinlife.(3)

"Peoplehavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay,"saysMareBekofffromColorado

University.Bekoffstudiedcoyotepupsatplayandfoundthatthekindofbehaviorinvolvedwasobviouslymorevariableand

unpredictablethanthatofadults.Healsoreasonsthatsuchbehavioractivatesmanydifferentpartsofthebrain.

(4)"There'senormouscognitiveinvolvementinplay,"saysBekoff.Hepointsoutthatplayofteninvolves

complexassessmentsofplaymatesandtheuseofspecializedsignalsandrules.Hebelievesthatplaycreatesabrainthathas

greaterbehavioralflexibilityandimprovedpotentialforlearninglaterinli