2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习学案第一编选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1Alandofdiversity晨背分钟填词并背记ImmigratetoAmericaAttractedbytheboominAmerica,mynephewteamed_up_withaKoreantoillegallycrosstheBearingStraitintheArctictoAmerica.ToavoidtheCustomspunishment,_theyhidinasmallferrycalledtheNorthPoleSeagull,_sittingback_to_backwithoutsleeping,showeringandshavingfor3days,andhadnochancetomourntheirlostluggagewhenlanding.Thehardshipofthiscrossingwasapparent.Atfirst,hemadealivingby_means_ofraisingcattleandthenwashiredinaircraftindustries.HelivedinaCatholicdistrict.BesidesasmallpercentageofPakistaniimmigrants,themajorityoftheresidentswerefromItalyandDenmark,_whoallkept_uptheircustomsandcultures.Differentblockshereweredistinctlymarked_outandindicatedfromtheracialangle.Itwasunfairandneededreforming.Butwithnowhereelsetogo,mynephewlived_onandmanagedtomake_a_lifeforhimself.Mynephew'sfortunecamewhenhebravelyhelpedaconductorbrake_a_reamtostopitfromslippingoutoftherails.ThemanwaselectedvicechairmanoftheSocialistPartylater.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecouldgraspthisopportunitytoaskforhishelp.ThemanwhowasthankfulhelpedhimapplytothecivilauthorityfortherighttoliveinAmericabyinsertinghisbravedeedintohisdocuments.Unlikea_great_manyotherapplicants,_hisapplicationwasapprovedbytheFederal_Justice_Ministry.Beforelong,hestartedhisownbakeryandlivedabetterlife.移民美国因为受到美国繁荣的吸引，我的侄子与一名韩国人合作，从北极的白令海峡偷渡到美国。为了避开海关的惩处，他们躲在一艘叫“北极海鸥”的小型渡轮里，背靠背坐着，整整3天没有睡觉、洗澡和刮胡子，上岸的时候也没有机会心痛他们丢失的行李，这次横渡的艰辛是显而易见的。起初，他借助饲养牲畜谋生，后来受雇于飞机制造工业。他住的地方是一个天主教区，除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民，大部分的居民都来自于意大利和丹麦。他们都保持着自己的风俗和文化，使这里的街区都从种族的角度清楚地划出界线，明确标示。这很不公平，极需改革，但我的侄子没别的地方可去，只好继续居住下去，想方设法开始新的生活。我侄子的好运在他勇敢地帮助一名列车员刹停一列电车以防止其滑出轨道时到来了。那个人后来被选为社会党的副主席。我侄子就想到应该抓住机会请求他的帮助。这个人充满感激，立即把我侄子的勇敢事迹插入到申请文件中，帮助我侄子向美国国内政权当局申请美国居住权。不像别的许多申请人，我侄子的申请很快被联邦司法部批准了。不久，他就开了自己的面包店，过上了稍好一点的生活。1．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction(n.)差别；区分；卓著→distinctive(adj.)独特的；特别的2．elect(vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election(n.)选举3．racial(adj.)种族的；人种的→race(n.)种族；比赛→racism(n.)种族主义；种族歧视4．applicant(n.)申请人→apply(vi.)申请→application(n.)申请书；申请5．customs(n.)海关；关税；进口税→custom(n.)风俗；习惯→customer(n.)顾客；主顾6．socialist(n.)社会主义者；社会党人(adj.)社会主义者的→social(adj.)社会的→socialism(n.)社会主义→society(n.)社会7．apparent(adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)显然地；显而易见地8．conductor(n.)(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→conduct(vt.)组织；安排9．slip(vi.)滑动；滑行；滑跤(n.)滑动；滑倒→slipper(n.)拖鞋→slippery(adj.)滑的；狡猾的10．hire(vt.&n．)租用；雇用→fire(反义词)(vt.)解雇11．punishment(n.)处罚；惩罚→punish(vt.)惩罚12．keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)13．applyfor申请；提出申请重点知识分钟majorityn.大多数；大半(P2)单句语法填空①Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn'tcorrespondwiththeviewsofthe________(major)．②Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthemitteemembers________(be)againstit.③IgraduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored________informationmanagement.答案：①majority②are③in(1)the_majority_of...＝mostof...大多数beina/themajority构成大多数/占多数(2)majoradj.主要的vi.专修；主攻majorin主修(3)minorityn.少数；少数派；少数民族→minoradj.较小的；次要的[名师点津](1)themajority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。(2)“themajorityof＋可数名词复数”用作主语时，其谓语动词一般用复数。occurvi.发生；出现(P5)(1)单句语法填空①Frequent________(occur)ofnaturaldisastersinrecentyearshavecausedgreatlossesintheAsian­Pacificregion.②Itoccurredtohim________hehadn'teatenanythingsincethenightbefore.答案：①occurrence②that(2)一句多译我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。①________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(strike)②________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(occur)答案：①Itstruckmethat②Itoccurredtomethat(1)sth.occurstosb.＝sth.strikessb.＝sth.estosb.某人想起某事(2)It_occurs_tosb.todosth.某人想起做某事(3)It_occurs_tosb.that...＝Itstrikes/hitssb.that...某人想起某事(4)occurred(occur的过去式/过去分词)occurrencen.发生；事件；出现indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示(P7)单句语法填空①Withanodofhishead,heindicated________mewhereIshouldsit.②Hegaveno________(indicate)thathewasreadytopromise.③ThehorseisafrequentthemeinChinesepainting,________(indicate)akindofadvancement.④Thebell________(indicate)theendoftheperiodrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.答案：①to②indication③indicating④indicating(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物indicatethat...示意；表明……(2)indicationn.指示；象征；预示Thereisnoindication_that...无迹象表明……Therearesomeindications_that...有迹象表明……(3)indicatorn.指示器；指示牌bymeansof...用……办法；借助……(P2)(1)单句语法填空①Everypossiblemeans________(try),andwefindonlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.②Allpossiblemeans________(try),butwestillcan'tworkouttheproblem.③I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：①hasbeentried②havebeentried③is(2)用means相关短语的适当形式填空①Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknown________________signs.②Thisis________________thefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.③Thelocalarmymenhelpedthevictimsoftheearthquake________________attheirmand.答案：①bymeansof②bynomeans③byeverymeansmeansn.方法；手段→meaningn.意思→meanv.打算；意味→meaningful_adj.有意义的bythismeans用这种方法bynomeans＝innoway＝innocase＝onnoaccount＝atnotime决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)byeverymeans用尽办法；想方设法byallmeans(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题[名师点津]means用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)用life相关短语的适当形式填空①TheysettleddowninCanadaand________________forthemselves.②Toourgreatjoy,he________________soon.③Onthatnight,itwasbelievedthatthespiritsofthedeadwouldtryto________________.答案：①madealife②cametolife③ebacktolife(1)e_tolife振作起来；变得活跃live/leada...life过着……的生活e_back_tolife苏醒过来；恢复生气bring...back_tolife使……苏醒过来(2)make/earna/one'sliving谋生(3)makeit成功；到达某地[图解助记]teamupwith(＝cooperatewith)与……合作或一起工作(P8)用teamupwith/keepupwith/putupwith/endupwith的适当形式填空①Shealwaysstaysuplatetostudyinorderto________________theothers.②It'stoodelightfulofyoutobesonicetohim,and________________allhistiresomestories.③Theparty________________asongthateveryonewasfamiliarwith.④Ineedto________________yourfirminabusinessproject.Couldyouputmethroughtoyourboss?答案：①keepupwith②putupwith③endedupwith④teamupwithkeepupwith跟上catchupwith赶上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以……结束takein包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；吸收(P8)(1)写出下列句中takein的含义①Thepricetakesinthecostofalltheacmodationandfood.________②Brett'salwaystakinginstrayanimals.________③Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.________④Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.________⑤Itissaidthatblacktakesinmoreheatthanwhite.________答案：①包括②收留③欺骗④理解⑤吸收(2)用take相关短语的适当形式填空①I'msorryIwasrude;I____________everythingIsaid.②Wefinditdifficultto____________whatheteaches.③I'll____________thestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.④Whenthepicturewas____________，thewalllookedverybare.⑤Wouldyoulikemeto____________thedrivingforawhile?⑥BillGatesisreallyagreatman,whosecareer____________inhisearlythirties.答案：①takeback②takein③takeup④takendown⑤takeover⑥tookoffagreat/goodmany许多；很多(P8)单句语法填空①Ourinstitutehasorderedagreatmany________(instrument)fromthepany.②Agoodmanynewbooks________(publish)bytheForeignLanguagePresslastmonth.③Largequantitiesofoil________(discover)inaplacenearmyhometownrecently.答案：①instruments②werepublished③havebeendiscovered(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreat/goodmany,agood/largenumberof,quiteafew))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可数名词的复数,＋复数谓语)(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(much,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof))＋不可数名词＋单数谓语(3)amassof＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词(谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词的数保持一致)(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(quantitiesof,massesof))＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋复数谓语However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.(P2)(1)单句语法填空①Themorestressyouareunder,the________(likely)youaretocatchacold.②Theyarelikely________(fire)bythepanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.答案：①morelikely②tobefired(2)一句多译当你在山里旅行时，你很可能会遇到大型野生动物。①You________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.②________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.答案：①areverylikelytoeacross②It'sverylikelythatyouwilleacrossItislikelythat...“很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible,probable。[易混辨析]否定形式副词形式常用句型likelyunlikelylikely①Itislikely＋that从句②sb.belikelytodosth.，但一般不用于“Itislikelyforsb.todosth.”中possibleimpossiblepossibly①Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.②Itispossible＋that从句，但不用于“sb.bepossibletodosth.”中probableimprobableprobablyItisprobable＋that从句BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty­firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.(P2)单句语法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived,thefamousastronaut________(leave)thehall.②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermother________(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.③WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________(hang)up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.答案：①hadleft②willhaveleft③hungbythetime意为“到……的时候”，是一个介词短语，在句中起连接作用，引导时间状语从句。其用法如下：(1)如从句谓语是一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；(2)如从句谓语是一般现在时或现在完成时，则主句用将来完成时；(3)如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时bythetime相当于when。课文语法填空分钟ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,__1__islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers__2__(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthe__3__(arrive)oftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered__4__(great).Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.__5__addition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans__6__(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia__7__(rule)bySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook__8__(they)land.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of__9__firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,__10__ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.it2.crossed3.arrival4.greatly5.In6.living7.wasruled8．their9.the10.whose▲ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.句中when引导的为时间状语从句；what引导的为名词性从句(宾语从句)，作介词in的宾语。▲manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans中broughtbytheEuropeans为过去分词短语作后置定语。一般情况下，在修饰名词或代词时，单个过去分词常作前置定语而过去分词短语常作后置定语。▲therearemoreNativeAmericans...thaninanyotherstate为比较级表达最高级的用法。否定词与比较级连用时，可进行这种表达。如：Ihaveneverseenabetterfilmthanthisone.随堂检测分钟Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Bythetimehegottothestation,thetrain________(leave)．答案：hadleft2．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew________(apply)forthejob.答案：applicants3．Inmyopinion,itisnotsohelpfultogivesomeonesomebreadasitisimportanttoteachhimhowtomake________life.答案：a4．Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld'spopulation________(live)incitiesratherthaninthecountry.答案：willbeliving5．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildren,buttheywerenowhere________(find),whichmadeherveryworried.答案：tobefound6．Oilpricesfellthisweektotheirlowestlevelinfourteenmonths,________(apparent)becauseofover­production.答案：apparently7．Theyhavepledgedtoend________(race)discrimina­tioninareassuchasemployment.答案：racial8．Aftertheexplosion,everymeans________(use)topreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.答案：hasbeenused9．InsomeruralplacesofChina,somepeoplestillpreferkeeping________theirtraditionallifestyle.答案：up10．________isbelievedthatthewildertheanimalorplantis,thebettertheeffectsare.答案：ItⅡ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asweallknow,Chinahasexperiencedimmigrationmovementssincethereformin1978.2．据报道成千上万的农民从农村涌向城市。(Itisreportedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Itisreportedthatthousandsoffarmersfromthecountrysidecrowdedintothecities.3．尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(makealife)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Themajorityofthemcanmakealifeinthecitiesdespitethegreathardship.4．有些农民甚至申请了城市居住权，以享受和当地人一样的权利。(applyfor)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Someevenhaveappliedfortherighttoliveinthecityandenjoythesamerightsasthelocalpeople.5．并且他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献，自己也过上了幸福的生活。(bymeansof;boom)_________