河北省张家口市尚义县2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1河北省张家口市尚义县2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APeopleWhoMadeaDifferenceinHealthCareInthehistoryofhuman,thereweregreatpeoplewhomadeadifferenceinhealthcare.Doctors,nurses,researchscientistsandthosewhobroughtinnewmedicineandtechniqueshelpedsavemillionsoflives.Hippocrates(460-377BC)HippocrateswasagreatdoctorofancientGreece.Throughhiscarefulexaminationofpatients,treatmentsandsuccessrates,hewasabletovastlyimprovehismedicaltreatment.HippocratesbuiltuponeofthegreatlibrariesofmedicalscienceinKos.HeisalsocreditedwiththeHippocraticoath(誓言)whichisstillsworn(宣誓)todaybymedicalpractitioners.FlorenceNightingale(1820-1910)Britishnurse.ByservingintheCrimeanwar,FlorenceNightingalewasinstrumentalinchangingtheroleofthenursingprofession.Herdedicatedservicewonwidespreadadmirationandledtoasignificantimprovementinthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.Dr.HenryHeimlich(1920-2016)HeimlichwasanAmericansurgeonandmedicalresearcher.Hecameupwithacreativeandsimpleproceduretohelpchokingvictims.Itinvolvesatechniqueofabdominalthrustswhereapersonstandsbehindandappliespressureonthediaphragmtoincreasinglyapplypressure.Itisclaimedthatthishassavedthelivesofupto50,000people.Heimlichhimselfuseditontwopeople,includinganoldladyinhisnursinghome.Itisincludedinguidelinesfordealingwithchokingvictims.AlexanderFleming(1881-1955)ScottishBiologist,pharmacologistandbotanistwhodiscoveredpenicillin.Hediscoveredpenicillinbyaccidentbutrecognizeditsantibacterial(抗菌的)properties.FleminglatersharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicine(1945)withHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainwhosucceededinmakingitcommerciallyavailable.1.WhatwasFlorenceNightingale’scontribution?A.Makingpenicillincommerciallyavailable.B.Buildingagreatlibraryofmedicalscience.C.Changingtheroleofthenursingprofession.D.Inventingacreativeandsimplewaytohelpchokingvictims.2.WhoisaNobelPrizewinner?A.Hippocrates. B.FlorenceNightingale.C.Dr.HenryHeimlich. D.AlexanderFleming.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toeducate. B.Tointroduce. C.Toadvertise. D.Toadvise.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四位在医疗保健方面做出贡献的人。〖答案〗1.C2.D3.B1．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据小标题FlorenceNightingale(1820-1910)下的“ByservingintheCrimeanwar,FlorenceNightingalewasinstrumentalinchangingtheroleofthenursingprofession.(通过在克里米亚战争中服役，弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在改变护理职业的角色方面发挥了重要作用)”可知，FlorenceNightingale的贡献是改变护理专业的角色。故选C项。2．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据小标题AlexanderFleming(1881-1955)下的“FleminglatersharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicine(1945)withHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainwhosucceededinmakingitcommerciallyavailable.(Fleming后来与HowardFlorey和ErnstBorisChai共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖(1945年)，后者成功地将其商业化)”可知，AlexanderFleming是诺贝尔奖得主。故选D项。3．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据本文标题“PeopleWhoMadeaDifferenceinHealthCare(在医疗保健方面做出贡献的人)”可知，本文主要是介绍在医疗保健方面做出贡献的人，所以目的是介绍。故选B项。BFromherclassroomwindow,AynagulBagjulinoticedthebloomingflowersundertheclearblueskyandhadanidea.Outinthespringair,AynagulBagjulitaughtherstudents“LateSpring,”aclassicpoemfromtheTangDynasty.The27-year-oldteachesliteratureatJamatirkiMiddleSchoolinAktoCounty.Lessthanthreeyearsintoherteachingjob,AynagulBagjulihaswonwidespreadrecognitionfromhercolleaguesandstudentsforherpassionandextraordinaryteachingskills.AynagulBagjuliisanativeofAkto,whereover90percentofthelandismountainous.Lifethereistough.AynagulBagjulispentherhighschoolyearsinWenzhou.Later,shestudiedattheCapitalNormalUniversityinBeijing.Sheisamongmorethan100,000studentsfromXinjiang’sremoteareastohavereceivedbettereducationinthecentralandeasternregionsofChina,underaprogramfinancedbythecentralgovernmentsince2000.Theprogram,aimingatcultivating(培养)professionalsamongethnicgroupsinXinjiang,coverspartoftheirtuitionandlivingexpenses.AynagulBagjuli’sfatherdiedwhenshewasthree,leavinghermothertoraisethreechildren.“Withoutthegovernment-sponsoredprogram,IwouldnothaveevendreamedofgoinganywhereoutsideXinjiang,letaloneattendinguniversityinthecapital,”shesaid.AynagulBagjuligaveupseveralemploymentopportunitiesincitiestoreturntoherhometown.Beforesecuringateachingjobinherhometown,shetraveledtoseveralcitiesandvillagesindifferentprovinces,learningaboutdiversecultures.Shelovessharingherexperiencewithherstudentsandbelievesthisisaneffectivewaytoarousetheirinterest.4.WheredidAynagulBagjulireceivehercollegeeducation?A.InUrumqi. B.InWenzhou. C.InAkto. D.InBeijing.5.WhatisAynagulBagjuli’sattitudetowardsthegovernment-sponsoredprogram?A.Doubtful. B.Grateful. C.Critical. D.Disappointed.6.WhydoesAynagulBagjuliliketoshareherexperiencewithherstudents?A.Toraiseherstudents’interest.B.Toshowherlearningexperience.C.Toencourageherstudentstotravel.D.Tofindawaytocommunicatewithherstudents.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AynagulBagjuli’sLearningExperienceB.AynagulBagjuli’sExcellentTeachingSkillsC.AynagulBagjuliTeachinginHerHometownafterCollegeD.AGovernment-sponsoredProgramSupportingPoorStudents【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了27岁的新疆教师AynagulBagjuli学成后回家乡任教的感人故事。〖答案〗4.D5.B6.A7.C4．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Later,shestudiedattheCapitalNormalUniversityinBeijing.(后来，她在北京首都师范大学学习。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli是在北京上的大学。故选D项。5．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘Withoutthegovernment-sponsoredprogram,IwouldnothaveevendreamedofgoinganywhereoutsideXinjiang,letaloneattendinguniversityinthecapital,’shesaid.(“如果没有这个政府资助的项目，我做梦都不会想到去新疆以外的地方，更不用说在首都上大学了，”她说。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli对中央政府的资助项目是心怀感激的。故选B项。6．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shelovessharingherexperiencewithherstudentsandbelievesthisisaneffectivewaytoarousetheirinterest.(她喜欢与学生分享她的经验，并相信这是引起他们兴趣的有效方法。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli和学生们分享自己的经历是为了激发他们的兴趣。故选A。7．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Lessthanthreeyearsintoherteachingjob,AynagulBagjulihaswonwidespreadrecognitionfromhercolleaguesandstudentsforherpassionandextraordinaryteachingskills.AynagulBagjuliisanativeofAkto,whereover90percentofthelandismountainous.Lifethereistough.(在她的教学工作不到三年的时间里，AynagulBagjuli以她的热情和非凡的教学技巧赢得了同事和学生的广泛认可。AynagulBagjuli是阿克图人，那里90%以上的土地都是山区。那里的生活很艰难。)”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述了27岁的新疆教师AynagulBagjuli学成后回家乡任教的感人故事。故选C。CEndeavour(奋进号航天飞机)successfullycompleted25missionsintospace,includingthefirstservicemissiontotheHubbleSpaceTelescopeaswellasthefirstmissiontoaddaU.S.componenttotheInternationalSpaceStation.Whenfirstlaunchedin1981,itbecametheworld’sfirstreusablespacecrafttocarryhumansintoorbit.Overthethirty-yearcourseofthespaceshuttleprogram,theshuttlesandtheircrewsassembledpartsoftheInternationalSpaceStation,deployedandservicedtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,repairedandrelaunchedsatellites,sentprobestoVenusandJupiterandmore.Thespaceshuttlewasactuallymadeupofseveralseparatecomponents.Whatpeoplecallthe“shuttle”istheorbiter—thepartoftheshuttlethatheldthecrew.Themainenginesarepartoftheorbiter.Inadditiontotheorbiter,eachshuttleincludedtwosolidrocketboostersandanexternaltank.Allwerereusableexceptfortheexternaltank,whichbydesignburnedupintheatmosphere.ManynewerfeatureswereaddedtoEndeavourduringconstruction,suchasupdatedsteeringmechanisms,upgradedelectricalconnectionstoallowforlongermissionsandadragchutethatreducedwearandtearontheshuttle’sbrakesandtires.Manyoftheinnovationswereaddedlatertotheothershuttles.EndeavourmadeseveralhistoricmissionstotheInternationalSpaceStation,includingSTS-88,inwhichthecrewaddedthefirstU.S.componenttotheISS.OnSTS-100,EndeavourdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.OnSTS-123,Endeavouraddedaroboticarm—Dextre.Endeavour’sfinalmission,inMay2011,deliveredsparepartstotheInternationalSpaceStation.Endeavourleavesanamazinglegacyinspace.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assembled”inParagraph2mean?A.Consumed. B.Wasted. C.Produced. D.Fixed.9.Whichpartofthespaceshuttleisnotreusable?A.Theorbiter. B.Theexternaltank.C.Themainengines. D.Solidrocketboosters.10.WhatdidEndeavourdoonSTS-100?A.Itaddedaroboticarm—Dextre.B.ItaddedthefirstU.S.componenttotheISS.C.ItdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.D.ItdeliveredsparepartstotheInternationalSpaceStation.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofEndeavour. B.ThefunctionsofEndeavour.C.TheachievementsofEndeavour. D.ThedevelopmentofEndeavour.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。介绍了奋进号航天飞机的历史。〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.A8．〖解析〗词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“theircrewsassembledpartsoftheInternationalSpaceStation,deployedandservicedtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,repairedandrelaunchedsatellites,sentprobestoVenusandJupiterandmore.(assembled国际空间站的部件，部署并维护了哈勃太空望远镜，修复并重新发射了卫星，向金星和木星等地发射了探测器)”中的“partsoftheInternationalSpaceStation”和“repairedandrelaunched”等次推知，机组人员安装了国际空间站的部件。因此assemble与fix同义。故选D项。9．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段“Allwerereusableexceptfortheexternaltank,whichbydesignburnedupintheatmosphere.(所有的都是可重复使用的，除了外部燃料箱，根据设计，它在大气中燃烧)”可知，外部燃料箱不能重复使用。故选B项。10．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段“OnSTS-100,EndeavourdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.(在STS-100任务中，奋进号运送了机械臂和手给Canadarm2)”可知，奋进号在STS-100上交付了机器人手臂和手给Canadarm2。故选C项。11．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endeavour(奋进号航天飞机)successfullycompleted25missionsintospace,includingthefirstservicemissiontotheHubbleSpaceTelescopeaswellasthefirstmissiontoaddaU.S.componenttotheInternationalSpaceStation.(奋进号成功完成了25次太空任务，包括哈勃太空望远镜的第一次服务任务，以及第一次向国际空间站添加美国组件的任务)”，第二段的“Whenfirstlaunchedin1981(当1981年首次发射)”，第三段“ManynewerfeatureswereaddedtoEndeavourduringconstruction(在建造过程中，奋进号增加了许多新功能)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了奋进号航天飞机的历史，所以A项“ThehistoryofEndeavour.(奋进号的历史)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。DResearchersfromSejongUniversityinSouthKoreahavecreatedanewlaser(激光)chargingsystemthatcantransmitpowerusinginfrared(红外线的)lightoverupto30meters(98.4feet),offeringasafealternativetocordedchargingformobiledevicesandpoweringtheInternetdevicesspreadthroughoutanarea.Thesystemcoulddeliver400milliwattsofpoweracrossthisdistance,enoughtochargesensorsbutnotquiteenoughtochargemobiledevicesyet.Wirelesspowertransmissionhasbeenachievedovergreaterdistances,buttransmittingpowersafelyacrossmeter-scaledistanceshasbroughtchallenges.Theresearchersovercamethiswithatechniqueknownasdistributedlaser-charging,separatingthelaser’stransmitterandreceiver,creatingalasercavity(腔)betweenthemthroughwhichlight-basedpowercanbetransmitted.Whilemostotherapproachesrequirethereceivingdevicetobeinaspecialchargingplaceortobestationary,distributedlaserchargingenablesself-alignmentwithouttrackingprocessesaslongasthetransmitterandreceiverareinthelineofsightofeachother.Whenadeviceinterruptsthelineofsight,thesystemautomaticallychangestoapower-safemodethatallowsittodeliverpowerwirelesslyandsafely.Italsoautomaticallyshiftstoasafelowpowerdeliverymodeifanobjectorapersonblocksthelineofsight.“Theabilitytopowerdeviceswirelesslycouldeliminatetheneedtocarryaroundpowercablesforourphonesortablets.Usingthelaserchargingsystemtoreplacepowercordsinfactoriescouldsaveonmaintenanceandreplacementcosts.Thiscouldbeparticularlyusefulinroughenvironmentswhereelectricalconnectionscancauseinterferenceorposeafirerisk,”saidresearchteamleaderJinyongHa.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Thesystemcantransmitpowerover40meters.B.Thisisthefirstsuccessfulwirelesspowertransmission.C.Thesystemcoulddeliverenoughpowertochargemobiles.D.Thesystemcanfunctionwhenthetransmitterandreceiverareinsightofeachother.13.Whatwillhappenifapersonblocksthelineofsight?A.Itwillstopcharging. B.Itwillchargeinanothermode.C.Itwillbringharmtotheperson. D.Itwillneedawiretocontinuecharging.14.WhatdoJinyongHa’swordsstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theadvantagesofthenewtechnology.B.Theshortcomingsofthenewtechnology.C.Thebrightfutureofthenewtechnology.D.Theworkingprincipleofthenewtechnology.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Asciencefiction.C.Anewspaper. D.Atextbook.【语篇解读】本文为科技说明文，介绍了韩国世宗大学的研究人员发明了一种新的激光充电系统，可以在远达30米的距离上传输能量，提供了一种安全的移动设备充电，并为整个地区的互联网设备充电。〖答案〗12.D13.B14.A15.C12．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段“Whilemostotherapproachesrequirethereceivingdevicetobeinaspecialchargingplaceortobestationary,distributedlaserchargingenablesself-alignmentwithouttrackingprocessesaslongasthetransmitterandreceiverareinthelineofsightofeachother.(虽然大多数其他方法要求接收设备处于特殊的充电位置或静止不动，但只要发射器和接收器在彼此的视线内，分布式激光充电就可以实现自校准，而无需跟踪过程)”可知，当发射器和接收器在彼此的视线范围内时，系统可以工作。故选D项。13．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段“Italsoautomaticallyshiftstoasafelowpowerdeliverymodeifanobjectorapersonblocksthelineofsight.(如果有物体或人阻挡视线，它还会自动切换到安全的低功率传输模式)”可知，如果有人挡住视线它将以另一种模式充电——安全的低功率模式。故选B项。14．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段““Theabilitytopowerdeviceswirelesslycouldeliminatetheneedtocarryaroundpowercablesforourphonesortablets.Usingthelaserchargingsystemtoreplacepowercordsinfactoriescouldsaveonmaintenanceandreplacementcosts.Thiscouldbeparticularlyusefulinroughenvironmentswhereelectricalconnectionscancauseinterferenceorposeafirerisk,”saidresearchteamleaderJinyongHa.(“无线供电的能力可以消除我们的手机或平板电脑随身携带电源线的需要。使用激光充电系统取代工厂的电源线可以节省维护和更换成本。这在电气连接可能造成干扰或造成火灾危险的恶劣环境中尤其有用，”研究小组组长JinyongHa说)”可知，在最后一段，JinyongHa的话强调了新技术的优点——减少随身携带电源的需要，节省维护和更换成本降低火灾发生率等等。故选A项。15．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第一段“ResearchersfromSejongUniversityinSouthKoreahavecreatedanewlaser(激光)chargingsystemthatcantransmitpowerusinginfrared(红外线的)lightoverupto30meters(98.4feet),offeringasafealternativetocordedchargingformobiledevicesandpoweringtheInternetdevicesspreadthroughoutanarea.(韩国世宗大学的研究人员发明了一种新的激光充电系统，该系统可以利用红外线将能量传输到30米(98.4英尺)远的地方，为移动设备提供了一种安全的有线充电替代方案，并为遍布整个地区的互联网设备供电)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了韩国世宗大学的一项新发明，所以最可能来自报纸。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MenandtheArtofListeningWe’veallexperiencedtalkingtopeoplewhoaren’tlistening.___16___Theynodded,butwefeltliketalkingtoawall.Theworldtodayismovingsofastthatwerarelystoptolistentoeachother.Listeningisaskillsorelymissingintoday’sworld.It’sevenmoreofanissueforuswhenitcomestohowwerelatetooneanother.___17___Askopenquestions.Sometimesallyouneedtodoisofferquestionsthatmencananswerwithhonesty.Allowingsomeonetosharetheirlifewithuscommunicatesthesimpletruth:Icareaboutyou.Oneofourteammemberssharedastoryaboutanactivelisteningworkshop.Theypairedparticipantsup,withonegiventheroleof“talker”andtheotherof“listener.”Atimerwassetfor10minutes,duringwhichthelistenercouldonlyaskopen-endedquestions.___18___Buttheimpactwasgreat.Withthreeminutesstillontheclock,thepersontalkingbegantocry,becausehefeltsoovercomebytheexperience.He’dneverbeengiventhespacetotalkinthisway.___19___Plentyofusstruggletositinsilencewhilesomeoneisthinking.Evenmoresoiftheyareemotionalandneedaminutetogathertheirwords.Itcanbetemptingtolaunchintothosemomentsandtrytofixitorgiveanswers—totrytosaysomethingtomakeitlessawkward.Avoidthisatallcosts.Letthesilencebeachancetohonoryourbrotherandallowhimtosaywhatheneedstosay.Repeat.HaveyoueverplayedthegameTelephone?Youthinkyou’recommunicatingonethingtothepersonnexttoyou,onlytorealizetheyheardsomethingmuchdifferent.Thesamecanhappeninourregularconversations.Oneskillyoucanpracticetofightthesekindsofmisunderstandingsistoaskquestionsandthenrepeatwhatyouheard.___20___A.Waitinthesilences.B.Itiseasytopractice.C.Listeningwithcompassion.D.Besurethatheagreeswithyou.E.Theykeptlookingattheirwatch.F.Ifyouwanttobecomeabetterlistener,herearethreesteps.G.Youcanalsorepeatthewholestoryusingwhathejustsaid.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名好的听众给了三点建议。〖答案〗16.E17.F18.B19.A20.G16．〖解析〗根据下文“Theynodded,butwefeltliketalkingtoawall.(他们点了点头，但我们感觉像在对着墙说话)”可知此处上下文说的是听话的人不专心倾听的情况，与E项“Theykeptlookingattheirwatch(他们一直在看手表)”表达的含义一致，选项中的They与上文的people和下文的They相呼应。故选E项。17．〖解析〗根据上文“Listeningisaskillsorelymissingintoday’sworld.It’sevenmoreofanissueforuswhenitcomestohowwerelatetooneanother.(倾听是当今世界急需的一项技能。当涉及到我们如何相互联系时，这对我们来说更是一个问题)”以及下文“Askopenquestions(提出开放性问题)”、“Repeat(重复)”可推理出空白处承上启下，若要想成为好的倾听者，参考下文建议，与F项“Ifyouwanttobecomeabetterlistener,herearethreesteps(如果你想成为一个更好的倾听者，以下是三个步骤)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。18．〖解析〗根据上文“Theypairedparticipantsup,withonegiventheroleof“talker”andtheotherof“listener.”Atimerwassetfor10minutes,duringwhichthelistenercouldonlyaskopen-endedquestions.(他们将参与者配对，其中一人扮演“谈话者”的角色，另一人则扮演“倾听者”的角色。计时器设置为10分钟，在此期间，倾听者只能提出开放式问题)”可知此处上下文说的是一种简单易行的方法，与B项“Itiseasytopractice(这很容易练习)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。19．〖解析〗根据下文“Letthesilencebeachancetohonoryourbrotherandallowhimtosaywhatheneedstosay(让沉默成为一个向你哥哥致敬的机会，让他说出他需要说的话)”可知，本段主要说的是要在沉默中等待，与A项“Waitinthesilences(在沉默中等待)”表达的含义一致，silence是同词复现。故选A项。20．〖解析〗根据上文“Oneskillyoucanpracticetofightthesekindsofmisunderstandingsistoaskquestionsandthenrepeatwhatyouheard(为了克服这些误解，你可以练习的一项技能是提出问题，然后重复你听到的内容)”可知此处在说消除误会的方法，与G项“Youcanalsorepeatthewholestoryusingwhathejustsaid(你也可以用他刚才说的话重复整个故事)”表达的含义一致，also是〖提示〗词。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ForAravindTharunsriandThaaragaiAarathana,everydayisEnvironmentDayandeveryhourisEarthHour.Andtheyareonamissionto___21___oceans.Thaaragaiwasneverafraidofwater.Shestartedfloatingevenwhenunderone.Beingapassionatediver,Aravindalwayswantedtomakehisdaughter___22___diving.Hisvisioncametruewhenshebecame___23___todiveinshallowwaters.Shefirststartedtraininginsmalltubs,theninswimmingpoolsand___24___madeasmoothtransitiontotheocean.Now,Thaaragaicancallattentiontotheissueof___25___marinespeciesanddrawour___26___toherongoingbattleagainstwaterpollution.She___27___arecordinAssistWorldRecordsAttemptforswimmingan18-kmstretchunderthetheme“SavetheOcean”.Withhelpandencouragementfromherfather,Thaaragaialsomadeashortdocumentaryonmarine___28___andpresenteditinvariousschoolstospreadawareness.Theeight-year-oldgirl___29___herbirthdaywithadivingadventure.Shespottedjellyfish,grouperandcorals.Thedivingsessiondidn’tendthereastheyounggirlstartedspottingplastics.Shedidn’thavethehearttothe___30___them.Bothfatheranddaughter___31___asmuchastheycould.Theyoung___32___hasalsobeenonamissiontocleanupthebeachesandtheoceanaswellasto___33___awarenessofmarinepollution.Thaaragaihopesmorekidscanjoin.“WhywaitforOcean’sDayorEnvironmentDay?Everydayisimportantwhenwe___34___againstclimatechange.I’m___35___todomydutyasacitizenandIhopeyoutoowilljoinme,”theyoungdiversaid.21．A.cleanup B.focuson C.makeup D.makeout22．A.accept B.abandon C.quit D.learn23．A.thrilled B.disappointed C.qualified D.excited24．A.eventually B.suddenly C.frequently D.relatively25．A.dangerous B.extinct C.energetic D.endangered26．A.intention B.responsibility C.attention D.memory27．A.broke B.kept C.witnessed D.set28．A.protection B.pollution C.development D.damage29．A.treated B.completed C.celebrated D.proved30．A.ignore B.deal C.manage D.value:31．A.bought B.collected C.packed D.threw32．A.diver B.dancer C.singer D.swimmer33．A.switch B.connect C.raise D.compare34．A.swim B.compete C.go D.fight35．A.reluctant B.determined C.patient D.talented【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了AravindTharunsri和ThaaragaiAarathana是一对父女，父亲Aravind是潜水员，从而影响了女儿也成为了一名潜水员。他们为了保护海洋环境，保护海洋濒危动物付出了自己的一份努力。〖答案〗21.A22.D23.C24.A25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B21．〖解析〗考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的任务是清理海洋。A.cleanup清理；B.focuson集中；C.makeup组成；D.makeout理解。根据后文“amissiontocleanupthebeachesandtheocean”可知，他们的任务是清理海洋。故选A。22．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名充满激情的潜水员，Aravind一直想让他的女儿学习潜水。A.accept接受；B.abandon抛弃；C.quit停止；D.learn学习。根据上文“Beingapassionatediver,Aravindalwayswantedtomakehisdaughter”可知，Aravind自己是潜水员，想让女儿也潜水，后文“todiveinshallowwaters”也是〖提示〗。故选D。23．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她有资格在浅水区资格时，他的设想实现了。A.thrilled激动的；B.disappointed失望的；C.qualified有资格的；D.excited激动的。根据后文“todiveinshallowwaters”指女儿获得在浅水区潜水的资格，故选C。24．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一开始在小浴盆里训练，然后在游泳池里训练，最后熟练了。过渡到海洋。A.eventually最后；B.suddenly突然；C.frequently频繁地；D.relatively相对地。根据后文“madeasmoothtransitiontotheocean”可知，训练逐步进行，最后是到海洋里潜水。故选A。25．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thaaragai可以唤起人们对濒危海洋物种问题的关注，并引起我们对她正在与水污染作斗争的关注。A.dangerous危险的；B.extinct灭绝的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.endangered濒危的。根据后文“an18-kmstretchunderthetheme“SavetheOcean”.”可知，父女俩致力于保护海洋濒危动物，故选D。26．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thaaragai可以唤起人们对濒危海洋物种问题的关注，并引起我们对她正在与水污染作斗争的关注。A.intention意图；B.responsibility责任；C.attention注意力，关注；D.memory记忆。根据后文“toherongoingbattleagainstwaterpollution”可知，Thaaragai想要拯救海洋动物，还有引起人们对水污染斗战的关注，故选C。27．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：在“拯救海洋”的主题下，她创造了一项游泳18公里的世界纪录。A.broke打破；B.kept保持；C.witnessed目击；D.set创造（纪录）。根据后文“arecordinAssistWorldRecordsAttemptforswimming”可知，他的女儿创造了一项纪录的诞生。故选D。28．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：在父亲的帮助和鼓励下，Thaaragai还制作了一部关于海洋污染的短纪录片，并在各个学校放映，以传播意识。A.protection保护；B.pollution污染；C.development发展；D.damage破坏。呼应上文“battleagainstwaterpollution”指制作了一部关于海洋污染的短纪录片，故选B。29．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个八岁的女孩用一次潜水冒险来庆祝她的生日。A.treated对待；B.completed完成；C.celebrated庆祝；D.proved证明。根据后文“herbirthdaywithadivingadventure”可知，女儿用潜水来庆祝生日。故选C。30．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不忍心忽视他们。A.ignore忽视；B.deal处理；C.manage设法；D.value重视。根据上文“Shespottedjellyfish,grouperandcorals.Thedivingsessiondidn’tendthereastheyounggirlstartedspottingplastics.(她发现了水母、石斑鱼和珊瑚。潜水课程并没有结束，因为小女孩开始发现塑料)”可知，此处指不忍心忽视发现的塑料垃圾。故选A。31．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲和女儿都尽可能多地收集。A.bought购买；B.collected收集；C.packed打包；D.threw扔。根据后文“asmuchastheycould”以及上文提到女儿无法忽视看到的塑料垃圾，所以他们开始尽可能多地收集这些垃圾。故选B。32．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的潜水员还在执行清理海滩和海洋的任务，并提高人们对海洋污染的认识。A.diver潜水员；B.dancer舞者；C.singer歌手；D.swimmer游泳者。根据上文“herbirthdaywithadivingadventure”可知，女儿如今是一名年轻的潜水员了，故选A。33．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的潜水员还在执行清理海滩和海洋的任务，并提高人们对海洋污染的认识。A.switch转换；B.connect连接；C.raise筹集，提高；D.compare比较。根据后文“awarenessofmarinepollution”可知，女儿执行清理海滩和海洋的任务，来提高人们对海洋污染的认识，raise表示“提高”符合语境。故选C。34．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们与气候变化作斗争时，每一天都很重要。”A.swim游泳；B.compete比赛；C.go去；D.fight战斗。呼应上文“battleagainstwaterpollution”他们和水污染作斗争，也与气候变化作斗争。故选D。35．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我决心尽一个公民的责任，我希望你们也能加入我的行列。”A.reluctant勉强的；B.determined坚定的；C.patient耐心的；D.talented有天赋的。根据上文Thaaragai的环保行为以及后文“todomydutyasacitizen”可知，女儿决心要尽一个公民的责任。短语bedeterminedto表示“下决定做……”。故选B。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Delicate,lustrous(光亮的),andsofttotouch.TheetherealfabricwenowcallsilkhasthreadeditswaythroughoutChina’shistory.Onecannotbecertainofitsorigin,buttheancientChinesepeoplecreditedtheirownwisdomtoLeizu,wifeoftheYellowEmperor(thelegendaryancestorofallChinesepeople),as___36___inventorofsericulture(养蚕).LikealmostallgenresofartonthevastlandofChina,thestyleandtextureofsilk___37___(be)alsomultifarious.HangluosatinfromHangzhou,Zhejiangprovince,iswellknown___38___itsairyandsheertexture,whileYunjinbrocade(凸花纹织物)fromNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,aluxuriousfabricoften___39___(use)forroyalgarments,representsChina’ssilkweavingtechniqueatitsprime.Yunjinbrocade___40___(make)byhandongiantlooms(织布机),inacomplexprocedure___41___comprisesmorethanahundredsteps.Eventhemostskilledartisanscanonlyweaveafewcentimetersaday.Time,patienceanddeftnessallplaynecessaryrolestoitsheavenlybeautyorasitsnamesuggests,itscloud-likesplendor.IntheWesternHanDynasty,withdiplomatandexplorerZhangQian___42___(open)uptheroutestothewesternregions,silkgracedmany___43___(country)inCentralAsia,laterextendingitsreachtootherpartsofEurasiaandbeyond.Fittingly,itsnamemarkedChina’smajorinternationaltraderoutes,theancientSilkRoadandMaritimeSilkRoad.InthehandsofChineseartists,the___44___(thin)threadscanweavepicturesofimmensepossibilities,andthesoftestmaterialcangothroughthousandsofyears.AsoneofthemanymarvelsofancientChina,silkisnot___45___(mere)atypeoftextile.Itisaculturalicon,andasymbolofeleganceandgrace.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。介绍了中国的丝绸。〖答案〗36.the37.are38.for39.used40.ismade41.that##which42.opening43.countries44.thinnest45.merely36．〖解析〗考查冠词。句意：人们无法确定它的起源，但古代中国人把自己的智慧归功于黄帝(传说中所有中国人的祖先)的妻子嫘祖，她是养蚕的发明者。根据句意，这里特指嫘祖是养蚕的发明者，用定冠词修饰。故填the。37．〖解析〗考查时态和主谓一致。句意：就像中国这片广袤土地上几乎所有的艺术流派一样，丝绸的风格和质地也是五花八门的。分析句子结构可知，be动词作本句谓语，主语是thestyleandtextureofsilk为复数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are。38．〖解析〗考查介词。句意：来自浙江杭州的杭珞缎以其轻盈的质地而闻名，而来自江苏南京的云锦，一种经常用于皇室服装的奢华面料，代表了中国丝绸编织技术的鼎盛时期。此处是固定搭配：beknownfor意为“以...知名”。故填for。39．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：来自浙江杭州的杭珞缎以其轻盈的质地而闻名，而来自江苏南京的云锦，一种经常用于皇室服装的奢华面料，代表了中国丝绸编织技术的鼎盛时期。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为represents，use用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语fabric之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。40．〖解析〗考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：云锦是在巨型织布机上手工织造的，工序复杂，有一百多道工序。分析句子结构可知，make作本句谓语，和主语Yunjinbrocade之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数。故填ismade。41．〖解析〗考查定语从句。句意：云锦是在巨型织布机上手工织造的，工序复杂，有一百多道工序。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是procedure，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that或者which。42．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：西汉时期，外交家、探险家张骞开辟了西域之路，丝绸为中亚许多国家带来了光彩，后来又延伸到欧亚大陆乃至更远的地方。分析句子结构可知，此处是with引导的复合结构，with的复合结构中ZhangQian与open之间为主谓关系，用现在分词形式。故填opening。43．〖解析〗考查名词。句意：西汉时期，外交家、探险家张骞开辟了西域之路，丝绸为中亚许多国家带来了光彩，后来又延伸到欧亚大陆乃至更远的地方。根据空前的many可知，空处应填可数名词复数形式。故填countries。44．〖解析〗考查形容词。句意：在中国艺术家的手中，最细的线可以编织出无限可能的画面，最柔软的材料可以经历数千年。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，表达“最细的线”之意，用最高级形式。故填thinnest。45．〖解析〗考查副词。句意：作为中国古代的诸多奇迹之一，