2024届高考英语一轮复习：名词性从句讲解素材

高三语法复习三：名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)、表语、同位语等，因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。I.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that(无任何词意),whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性),asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”;用于引导表语从句)连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomeverwhose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why一、主语从句1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，主语从句中that不能省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。Eg:Thathewillsucceediscertain.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat... 事实是...Itisanhonorthat .…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat …是常识It’sapitythat...很遗憾，很可惜Eg:ItisanhonorthatIcoulddeliveralectureonthecurrentmarkettrend.(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat...很自然…Itisstrangethat...奇怪的是其他词如important,necessary...等.Eg:ItisstrangethatIliketodomyhomework.(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat..似乎.. Ithappenedthat..碰巧...Itappearsthat…似乎..Eg:Itseemsthatheisnotquitehimselftoday.他似乎今天不太对劲儿。(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat..据报道.Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证实.Itissaidthat..据说...Itisestimatedthat...据估计Itisbelievedthat...人们相信Eg:Itissaidthatpracticemakesperfect.3.What的重要考点1)当名从本身缺主、宾、表且指物时，翻译成“所……的”(常考单词achieve,speak,do,say,discuss)eg:Whatwediscussedmostwasstayingunitedtocombatthepandemic.我们谈论最多的就是团结一致，共同抗疫。2)what+n.位于名从之首，回归本意"什么"eg:Iwonderwhatbookhelikesbest.3)What+adj+n.位于名从之首表感叹eg:Herealisedwhatgreatdifficultyhewasfacing.4.isknowntousthatlightgoesfasterthansound. isknowntousisthatlightgoesfasterthansound. isknowntous,lightgoesfasterthansound.A.WhatB.ItC.WhichD.As二、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句，表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Eg:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。2.主从复合句的时态原则当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。Eg:TomtellsusthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)TomtellsusthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；Eg:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：Hesaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.否定前移：think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。Eg:Wedon'tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idon'tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。注意，此类句式变成反义疑问句，遵从“一从，二三主”的原则3.it作形式宾语常做下列动词的形式宾语think,find,consider,believe,feel,make结构：v.+it+形容词(necessary,important,natural,useful,worthwhile)/名词+that...Eg:Ithinkitimportantthatyoushouldattendthemeeting.此外hate,love,dislike,appreciate,dependon,seeto(保证，确保完成)后常用it做形式宾语结构：v+it+that引导的宾语从句Eg:Ihateitthatshetalkedtomeinthisway.2.名词性从句中只用whether，不用if的情况1)介词后只能用whether2)与ornot连用时只能用whether3)后接动词不定式只能用whether引导5)引导主语从句并在句首时6)引导表语从句时Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?三、表语从句(结构：主语+系动词+表语从句)系动词：1.be动词2.感官动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel3.表示“变”与“不变”的词：become,get,turn,grow(变得);keep,hold,stay,remain.Eg:Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.考点：从属连词whether,that引导词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose连接副词when,where,why,how,asif/though,becauseEg:Thequestionisnotwhetherheishonest.注意点：1.asif/though引导的表语从句可以用虚拟语气/陈述语序Eg:Theelephantfeelsasifitwereawall.(虚拟语气)Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(陈述语序)2.because,通常用于this/that/itis/wasbecause.….…句型Eg:ThatwasbecauseIwasill.3.主句主语是reason,cause时，用that引导而不是becauseEg:ThereasonwhyhespeaksEnglishwellisthatheisanativespeaker.四、同位语从句1、概念当引导词为evidence、thought、advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、words（消息）时，后面的从句通常对前面的名词起补充解释作用，两者之间是同位关系，叫做同位语从句；Itisa