电气专业英语词汇

电气专业英语词汇电压源voltagesource电流源currentsource理想电压源idealvoltagesource理想电流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic电动势electromotiveforce电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potentialdifference欧姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuitelement电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuitmodel参考方向referencedirection参考电位referencepotential欧姆定律Ohm’slaw基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw（KVL）基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw（KCL）结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branchcurrentanalysis网孔电流法meshcurrentanalysis结点电位法nodevoltageanalysis电源变换sourcetransformations叠加原理superpositiontheorem网络network无源二端网络passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端网络activetwo-terminalnetwork戴维宁定理Thevenin’stheorem诺顿定理Norton’stheorem开路（断路）opencircuit短路shortcircuit开路电压open-circuitvoltage短路电流short-circuitcurrent直流电路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流电路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)瞬时值instantaneousvalue电抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位领先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，反相phaseinversion频率frequency角频率angularfrequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasordiagram有功功率activepower无功功率reactivepower视在功率apparentpower功率因数powerfactor功率因数补偿power-factorcompensation串联谐振seriesresonance并联谐振parallelresonance谐振频率resonancefrequency频率特性frequencycharacteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相频特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止频率cutofffrequency品质因数qualityfactor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth(BW)滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-orderfilter二阶滤波器second-orderfilter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter转移函数transferfunction波特图Bodediagram傅立叶级数Fourierseries三相电路three-phasecircuit三相电源three-phasesource对称三相电源symmetricalthree-phasesource对称三相负载symmetricalthree-phaseload相电压phasevoltage相电流phasecurrent线电压linevoltage线电流linecurrent三相三线制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四线制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形连接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangularconnection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中线neutralline暂态transientstate稳态steadystate暂态过程，暂态响应transientresponse换路定理lowofswitch一阶电路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod时间常数timeconstant积分电路integratingcircuit微分电路differentiatingcircuit磁路与变压器磁场magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感应强度fluxdensity磁通势magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance直流电动机dcmotor交流电动机acmotor异步电动机asynchronousmotor同步电动机synchronousmotor三相异步电动机three-phaseasynchronousmotor单相异步电动机single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋转磁场rotatingmagneticfield定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流startingcurrent起动转矩startingtorque额定电压ratedvoltage额定电流ratedcurrent额定功率ratedpower机械特性mechanicalcharacteristic按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travelswitch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触点normallyopencontact常闭(动断)触点normallyclosedcontact时间继电器timerelay热继电器thermaloverloadrelay中间继电器intermediaterelay可编程控制器programmablelogiccontroller语句表statementlist梯形图ladderdiagram本征半导体intrinsicsemiconductor掺杂半导体dopedsemiconductorP型半导体P-typesemiconductorN型半导体N--typesemiconductor自由电子freeelectron空穴hole载流子carriersPN结PNjunction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管diode硅二极管silicondiode锗二极管germaniumdiode阳极anode阴极cathode发光二极管light-emittingdiode(LED)光电二极管photodiode稳压二极管Zenerdiode晶体管（三极管）transistorPNP型晶体管PNPtransistorNPN型晶体管NPNtransistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极base电流放大系数currentamplificationcoefficient场效应管field-effecttransistor(FET)P沟道p-channelN沟道n-channel结型场效应管junctionFET（JFET）金属氧化物半导体metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耗尽型MOS场效应管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增强型MOS场效应管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导transconductance夹断电压pinch-offvoltage热敏电阻thermistor开路open短路shorted放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反向偏置backwardbias静态工作点quiescentpoint(Q-point)等效电路equivalentcircuit电压放大倍数voltagegain总的电压放大倍数overallvoltagegain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区amplifierregion饱和区saturationregion截止区cut-offregion失真distortion饱和失真saturationdistortion截止失真cut-offdistortion零点漂移zerodrift正反馈positivefeedback负反馈negativefeedback串联负反馈seriesnegativefeedback并联负反馈parallelnegativefeedback共射极放大器common-emitteramplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏极放大器common-drainamplifier多级放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合放大器direct-coupledamplifier输入电阻inputresistance输出电阻outputresistance负载电阻loadresistance动态电阻dynamicresistance负载电流loadcurrent旁路电容bypasscapacitor耦合电容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent变阻器（电位器）rheostat电阻（器）resistor电阻（值）resistance电容（器）capacitor电容（量）capacitance电感（器，线圈）inductor电感（量），感应系数inductance正弦电压sinusoidalvoltage差动放大器differentialamplifier运算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失调电压offsetvoltage失调电流offsetcurrent共模信号common-modesignal差模信号different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)积分电路integrator（circuit）微分电路differentiator（circuit）有源滤波器activefilter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯滤波器Butterworthfilter切比雪夫滤波器Chebyshevfilter贝塞尔滤波器Besselfilter截止频率cut-offfrequency上限截止频率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止频率lowercut-offfrequency中心频率centerfrequency带宽Bandwidth开环增益open-loopgain闭环增益closed-loopgain共模增益common-modegain输入阻抗inputimpedance电压跟随器voltage-follower电压源voltagesource电流源currentsource单位增益带宽unity-gainbandwidth频率响应frequencyresponse频响特性（曲线）responsecharacteristic波特图theBodeplot稳定性stability补偿compensation比较器comparator迟滞比较器hysteresiscomparator阶跃输入电压stepinputvoltage仪表放大器instrumentationamplifier隔离放大器isolationamplifier对数放大器logamplifier反对数放大器antilogamplifier反馈通道feedbackpath反向漏电流reverseleakagecurrent相位phase相移phaseshift锁相环phase-lockedloop(PLL)锁相环相位监测器PLLphasedetector和频sumfrequency差频differencefrequency振荡器oscillatorRC振荡器RCoscillatorLC振荡器LCoscillator正弦波振荡器sinusoidaloscillator三角波发生器triangularwavegenerator方波发生器squarewavegenerator幅度magnitude电平level饱和输出电平（电压）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲类功率放大器classApoweramplifier乙类推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpoweramplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspoweramplifierOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier半波整流full-waverectifier全波整流half-waverectifier电感滤波器inductorfilter电容滤波器capacitorfilter串联型稳压电源series(voltage)regulator开关型稳压电源switching(voltage)regulator集成稳压器IC(voltage)regulator晶闸管及可控整流电路晶闸管thyristor单结晶体管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流controlledrectifier可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰点peakpoint谷点valleypoint控制角controllingangle导通角turn-onangle二进制binary二进制数binarynumber十进制decimal十六进制hexadecimal二-十进制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）门电路gate三态门tri-stategate与门ANDgate或门ORgate非门NOTgate与非门NANDgate或非门NORgate异或门exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布尔代数Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡诺图theKarnaughmap逻辑函数logicfunction逻辑表达式logicexpression组合逻辑电路combinationlogiccircuit译码器decoder编码器coder比较器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段显示器seven-segmentdisplay时序逻辑电路sequentiallogiccircuitR-S触发器R-Sflip-flopD触发器Dflip-flopJ-K触发器J-Kflip-flop主从型触发器master-slaveflip-flop置位set复位reset直接置位端direct-setterminal直接复位端direct-resetterminal寄存器register移位寄存器shiftregister双向移位寄存器bidirectionalshiftregister计数器counter同步计数器synchronouscounter异步计数器asynchronouscounter加法计数器addingcounter减法计数器subtractingcounter定时器timer清除（清0）clear载入load时钟脉冲clockpulse触发脉冲triggerpulse上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge时序图timingdiagram波形图waveform单稳态触发器monostableflip-flop双稳态触发器bistableflip-flop无稳态振荡器astableoscillator晶体crystal555定时器555timer模拟信号analogsignal数字信号digitalsignalAD转换器analog-digitalconverter(ADC)DA转换器digital-analogconverter(DAC)半导体存储器只读存储器read-onlymemory（ROM）随机存取存储器random-accessmemory（RAM）可编程ROMprogrammableROM（PROM）发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-uptransformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗：no-loadloss

铁损：ironloss铜损：copperloss空载电流：no-loadcurrent

有功损耗：reactiveloss

无功损耗：activeloss输电系统powertransmissionsystem高压侧highside输电线transmissionline高压:highvoltage

低压：lowvoltage中压：middlevoltage功角稳定anglestability

稳定stability电压稳定voltagestability暂态稳定transientstability电厂powerplant能量输送powertransfer交流AC

直流DC电网powersystem落点droppoint开关站switchstation调节regulation高抗highvoltageshuntreactor

并列的：apposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障threephasefault

分接头：tap切机generatortriping高顶值highlimitedvalue静态static(state)动态dynamic(state)

机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角powerangle有功（功率）activepower电容器：Capacitor

电抗器：Reactor断路器：Breaker电动机：motor功率因数：power-factor定子：stator阻抗：impedance

功角：power-angle电压等级：voltagegrade有功负载:activeloadPLoad

无功负载：reactiveload档位：tapposition电阻：resistor

电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance

上限:upperlimit下限：lowerlimit正序阻抗：positivesequenceimpedance

负序阻抗：negativesequenceimpedance零序阻抗：zerosequenceimpedance无功（功率）reactivepower功率因数powerfactor无功电流reactivecurrent斜率slope

额定rating变比ratio参考值referencevalue电压互感器PT分接头tap仿真分析simulationanalysis

下降率drooprate传递函数transferfunction框图blockdiagram

受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuitbreaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机：BruslessDCmotor刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator

机端generatorterminal变电站transformersubstation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnetSynchronismMotor异步电机：AsynchronousMotor三绕组变压器：three-columntransformerThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-columntransformerDblClmnTrans固定串联电容补偿fixedseriescapacitorcompensation双回同杆并架double-circuitlinesonthesametower单机无穷大系统onemachine-infinitybussystem励磁电流：magnetizingcurrent补偿度degreeofcompensationElectromagneticfields电磁场失去同步lossofsynchronization装机容量installedcapacity

无功补偿reactivepowercompensation故障切除时间faultclearingtime极限切除时间criticalclearingtime强行励磁reinforcedexcitation并联电容器：shuntcapacitor<下降特性droopcharacteristics线路补偿器LDC(linedropcompensation)电机学ElectricalMachinery自动控制理论AutomaticControlTheory电磁场ElectromagneticField微机原理PrincipleofMicrocomputer电工学ElectrotechnicsPrincipleofcircuits电路原理ElectricalMachinery电机学电力系统稳态分析Steady-StateAnalysisofPowerSystem电力系统暂态分析Transient-StateAnalysisofPowerSystem电力系统继电保护原理PrincipleofElectricalSystem'sRelayProtection电力系统元件保护原理ProtectionPrincipleofPowerSystem'sElement电力系统内部过电压PastVoltagewithinPowersystem模拟电子技术基础BasisofAnalogueElectronicTechnique数字电子技术DigitalElectricalTechnique电路原理实验Lab.ofprincipleofcircuits电气工程讲座Lecturesonelectricalpowerproduction电力电子基础Basicfundamentalsofpowerelectronics高电压工程Highvoltageengineering电子专题实践Topicsonexperimentalprojectofelectronics电气工程概论Introductiontoelectricalengineering电子电机集成系统electronicmachinesystem电力传动与控制ElectricalDriveandControl电力系统继电保护PowerSystemRelayingProtectioninductionmachine感应式电机horseshoemagnet马蹄形磁铁magneticfield磁场eddycurrent涡流right-handrule右手定则left-handrule左手定则slip转差率inductionmotor感应电动机rotatingmagneticfield旋转磁场winding绕组stator定子rotor转子inducedcurrent感生电流time-phase时间相位excitingvoltage励磁电压solt槽lamination叠片laminatedcore叠片铁芯short-circuitingring短路环squirrelcage鼠笼rotorcore转子铁芯cast-aluminumrotor铸铝转子bronze青铜horsepower马力random-wound散绕insulation绝缘acmotor交流环电动机endring端环alloy合金coilwinding线圈绕组form-wound模绕performancecharacteristic工作特性frequency频率revolutionsperminute转/分motoring电动机驱动generating发电per-unitvalue标么值breakdowntorque极限转矩breakawayforce起步阻力overhauling检修wind-drivengenerator风动发电机revolutionspersecond转/秒numberofpoles极数speed-torquecurve转速力矩特性曲线plugging反向制动synchronousspeed同步转速percentage百分数locked-rotortorque锁定转子转矩full-loadtorque满载转矩primemover原动机inrushcurrent涌流magnetizingreacance磁化电抗line-to-neutral线与中性点间的staorwinding定子绕组leakagereactance漏磁电抗no-load空载fullload满载Polyphase多相(的)iron-loss铁损compleximpedance复数阻抗rotorresistance转子电阻leakageflux漏磁通locked-rotor锁定转子choppercircuit斩波电路separatelyexcited他励的compounded复励dcmotor直流电动机demachine直流电机speedregulation速度调节shunt并励series串励armaturecircuit电枢电路opticalfiber光纤interoffice局间的waveguide波导波导管bandwidth带宽lightemittingdiode发光二极管silica硅石二氧化硅regeneration再生,后反馈放大coaxial共轴的,同轴的high-performance高性能的carrier载波mature成熟的SingleSideBand(SSB)单边带couplingcapacitor结合电容propagate传导传播modulator调制器demodulator解调器linetrap限波器shunt分路器AmplitudeModulation(AM调幅FrequencyShiftKeying(FSK)移频键控