浅析《儿子与情人》中爱的真意

AnAnalysisofLoveinSonsandLovers浅析《儿子与情人》中爱的真意

AnAnalysisofLoveinSonsandLovers[Abstract]WhentalkingaboutthenovelSonsandLovers,mostofpeopletendtothinkaboutsonscomplexorfeminism,andrarelyaboutthetruemeaningoflove.AsoneoftheimportantrepresentativeworksofDeviHerbertLawrence,themodernwriter,theautobiographicalnovel,SonsandLoversdepictsmaternallove,andthelovebetweenmenandwomen.Thesethreekindsofloveareallabnormalordeformed.ThroughanalyzingthelovebetweenMrs.MorelleandPaul,MiriamandPaulandClaraandPaul,andthecharacteristicsofthethreekindsoflove,thepaperexploresthereasonsforthedeformityoflovethroughcarefulreading.[KeyWords]SonsandLoverslovedeformity

浅析《儿子与情人》中爱的真意[摘要]大部分人在谈到《儿子与情人》这本书的时候更多的是想到恋子情节或者是女性主义，很少从探索爱的真意这个角度研究。《儿子与情人》作为现代作家代维·赫伯特·劳伦斯重要的代表作之一和自传体小说，包涵了母爱，男女之爱，但是这些爱都是变态的或畸形的。通过文本细读的方式，分析默莱尔夫人和保罗，米里亚姆和保罗，克拉拉与保罗之间的爱以及这三种爱的特征，并探讨这种畸形的爱形成的原因。[关键词]《儿子与情人》爱畸形ContentsIntroduction1LoveinSonsandLovers31.1LoveBetweenMrs.MorelleandPaul31.2LoveBetweenMiriamandPaul41.3LoveBetweenClaraandPaul4FeaturesofLoveinSonsandLovers62.1Constraint62.2Platonism72.3Lure7Ⅲ.MainFactorsCausingDeformityofLove93.1SocialFactors93.2PersonalFactors93.2.1AbsenceofFather(Husband)103.2.2ResponsibilityofMother10Conclusion12Acknowledgements14References15毕业设计（论文）纸共15页第15页IntroductionDavidHerbertLawrence(commonlyknownasD.H.Laurence)wasanEnglishnovelist,critic,poetandpainterinthetwentiethcentury.HisrepresentativeworksincludedSonsandLovers,Rainbow,WomeninLoveandMrs.Chatellet’sLoverandsoon.Laurencewasborninaminer’sfamily.Heservedasabutcher,anaccountant,amanufacturer,anemployeeandaprimaryschoolteacher.Hehadbeenwanderingformorethan10yearsathomeandabroad,andhehadacriticalandnegativeattitudetowardsreality.Laurencemainlywrotenovels.Inhislife,hecreated10novels,11shortstories,4plays,10poems,4essays,5theoreticalworks,3travelsandalargenumberofletters.ThethemeofLaurence’screationwastherelationshipbetweenmanandsociety,manandnature,manandman,manandwoman,butwhatwrotemostwastherelationshipbetweenmenandwomen.Indescribingtherelationshipbetweenmenandwomen,Laurencebrokentheforbiddenzoneanddaredtotouch“sex”thateveryonehaditandneededit.Whenpeopletalkaboutsex,peoplewillinevitablylookstrange.Heregardedsexasakindofexperiencewithmysticism,thoughinhisworks,thethemeofsexwaschangedanddeveloped.OntheeveoftheFirstWorldWar,heregardedthewarasabattleofloveandhate.Therefore,in1912,the“LoveintheHaystack”,“SonsandLovers”andothertwonovelshewrotein1913,“Rainbow”and“WomaninLove”,hadsomeimplicationsforthistheme.BecauseLaurence’sworksstillbelongtothecategoryofrealism,thedescriptionofemotionandsexuallovewasverystraightforward.Thiswasveryrareinhisera,soitwasalsocontroversialatthattime.SonsandLoverswastheauthor’ssemiautobiographicalwork.Itwaswrittenintheearlytwentiethcentury,justbeforetheriseoffeminism.Theemergenceof“newwomen”hasgraduallythreatenedthepatriarchalconsciousnessintheVictoriaera.Laurence,ontheonehand,appreciatedtheindependence,boldnessandwisdomofthenewwomen.Ontheotherhand,hewasinfluencedbythetraditionalmalesupremacy,andhealsofearedchangeofwomenwouldjeopardizethestatusofmen.ThisbookanalyzesLaurence’scontradictionsandpuzzlesinwomen’ssocialroles,andthecombinationofsocialandpsychologicalthemeisadistinctivefeatureofhiswork.Inthenovel,LaurencedescribedthecomplexandabnormalpsychologyofthelowerpeopleintheBritishindustrialsocietyintheendofthenineteenthcentury,andthecomplexandabnormallovebetweenmotherandson,manandwoman.Heemphasizedtheprimitiveinstinctofhumanbeings,andabandonedreasonthatwasafactorofrepressionofhumannature,andadvocatedfullexertionofhumaninstinct.HealsocriticizedtheindustrializationofmaterialcivilizationandbusinessspiritinBritishlife.ThroughanalyzingthelovebetweenMrs.MorelleandPaul,MiriamandPaulandClaraandPaul,andthecharacteristicsofthethreekindsoflove,thepaperexploresthereasonsforthedeformityoflove.I.LoveinSonsandLoversLoveisoneofthemostimportantthemesintheworld.Thereare3kindsofloveinthenovelincludinglovebetweenPaulandMrs.Morelle,PaulandMiriamandPaulandClara.1.1LoveBetweenMrs.MorelleandPaulOneofthethreekindsoflovethatisimpressiveonreadersislovebetweenMrs.MorelleandPaul.Mrs.Morellewasborninapettybourgeoisiefamily.Shewashigh-heartedandeducated.ShemarriedMorelle,whowasrudeandinstinctive.Afterthemarriage,theybegantoquarrel.Theirquarrelbecamethemosthorribleshadowoftheirchildren.Becauseofthis,childrenweregraduallyawayfromtheirfather,andintheend,childrenhatedtheirfather.Inaddition,Morelledidn’tcareaboutthefamily,drunkintheoutside,assoonashereturnedhome,heunceasinglyquarreledwithhiswife,andevenhithiswife.Insuchbadenvironment,childrentendedtobalancetheiremotiontowardstheirmotherwhoworkedhardallday.Intheend,Morellewasrejectedbythewholefamilyasanoutsiderandlostthelovefromhiswifeandchildren.Mrs.Morellehadlostherlovefromhusband,andshepouredallhisbloodintoPaul,graduallytheybecameinseparableandintimate.Inherheartshehadtakenhersonashisideallover.Shewouldtakecareofhim,raisehim,anddoeverythingbeyondwhatamothercoulddo.Shereallyregardedhersonastheobjectofherlove,andthislovewasnotpure.Toagreaterextent,itwasamanifestationoflove.Afterdesperationwithherhusband,Mrs.Morellehadtotransplanthopeandlovetohersons,shehopedthattheycouldcomeout,daybydaythechildrenbecamethetoolforhertorealizeherideal.Shecompletelyputherchildreninherarms,generatingPaullosthismasculinity.Mrs.MorelledeprivedPaul’sabilityfromhissoulofloveotherwomen.Shegavebirthtohim,lovedhim,kepthim,andPaulalsorewardedherforherlove.ForPaul,healsolosthisfather’slove,forhim,therewasnodifferencetohaveafatherorloseafather.Inthelonghardyears,hehadrecoveredfromfragmentarylove.Therefore,Paulhadaconstantrelationshipwithhismotherinthesoul.Hecouldnotwalkfreelyintohislifeandcouldnotreallyloveotherwomen.AndinPaul’smind,heregardedhismotherashislover.Hefeltthathewouldnevermeettherightwomanwhenhismotherwasalive.SoitwasdestinedforPaulandMiriamandClaratobecometragedians. 1.2LoveBetweenMiriamandPaulThesecondkindofloveismaleandfemale’slove,itdepictslovebetweenMiriamandPaul.Miriam,Paul’sfirstlove,wasashy,beautifulandtallgirl.SheandPaulshouldhavebeengoodlovers,butthelovebetweenthemwasspiritualloveofPlatonismbecauseoftheinfluenceofherreligion,shewasPaul’sspiritualfriend.Miriam’slovehelpedPaulbecomemorementallymature.ShewasdeeplyinfluencedbyPuritanism,asforherattitudetowardslove,ontheonehand,shehadthetendencyofspirituallove,ontheotherhand,shehadreligiousfanaticism.whenMiriamsawPaulatfirsttime,hebecameherownidol,butthiskindoflovesoonaddedapaintoherlifebecauseofherreligiousenthusiasm.MiriamconsciouslyestablishedtheintimaterelationshipwithPaulonthebasisofimagination,anditwasspirituallove.SheonlyhadmentallovetoPaul,insteadofacombinationofbothbody.InPaul’sview,hereyesalwayswereasblackasadarkchurch,butitcouldbeasbrightasaflamingfire.Herlifewassplitinhalf,ontheonehalfitonlyhadaholyfeeling,adreamyimagination,apersistentpursuit,astrongdesireforpossession,ontheotherhalfwasherbody,afeelingofparalysis,astronginferiority,afearofatonementandadiscardingofinstinct.SoPaulfeltpowerlessinthisstubborngirl,althoughMiriamlivedinhisheart,hecouldn’tstandanymore.Inlove,thecombinationofspiritandfleshisnecessary,especiallyinthefirststage,loveiscomplete.Whenloveisfurtherdeveloped,itneedsnotonlytooffersoulandspiritasatribute,butitalsoneedstodisplayeverythingthatlifecontains.ShefinallysuccumbedtoPaulintheflesh,butactuallyshewasthesameasMrs.Morelle.Shecamefromapettybourgeoisfamilyandshewashigh-heartedandeducated.Withastrongreligiousdevotion,shemadePaulmiserable.PaulEvensawdeathinhereyesbecausesheimprisonedbyVictoria’straditionalmoralandreligiousbeliefs.Herreligiousbeliefsandpursuitofpurespiritseriouslyhamperedherlife.Withoutphysicallove,thespirituallovenotliveforever,loveisincomplete.Theyhadtobreakupfinally.1.3LoveBetweenClaraandPaulAnotherkindoflovethatimpressesreadersislovebetweenClaraandPaul.Theirloveonlyisawayofexchangingbodies.Clarawasamarriedwoman,andsheknewhowtopleasePaul.Atthebeginning,butshewasdespisedbecauseofherhumblebirthsotheycouldonlydevelopadesireforlove,notatruelove.Onaccountofyearningforemotionandbody,PaulstartedtopursueClara,Miriamwasthesymbolofspirit,Clarawasthesymbolofthebody.Claraseemedtobealienatedfromothersbecauseofcontempt.Sheparticularlyalienatedmen.BecauseClaraandherhusbandhadbeenseparatedfromeachotherformanyyears,Pauldidn’tneedtoconsidermarriageproblems.PaulhadapassiononClara,butwhenPaul’sdesirewassatisfied,hispatriarchalconsciousnessbroughtClaraatragedy.Clarabelievedthatwomenshouldfightagainstmen,butbecausesheseparatedfromherhusband,shedidn’tknowmanclearly.Andshehadalongtimebeenahousewife.PaulactuallydespisedClara,Paulthoughtthatwomenwereonlyhousewives.SohecouldnotacceptClara’sthoughtsandideas,butClarawantedtohavespiritualcommunicationwithPaul,whilePauldidnotpaymuchattentiontoher.ClarahadbeendefinedbyPaulasasexualpartnerfromthebeginning,comparinghertoalargewhitepebbleonthebeach,orafoamthatwasblowntothebeachbythewind.ClarafinallyrealizedthatshewouldneverbeabletoenterPaul’sspiritualworld.Paul’spatriarchalconsciousnessmadeClarajustawoman.Clara’srolewasPaul’sexualpartner,nothavingtherighttospeak.Asaresult,Clara’sthoughtandspirithadbeendeniedbyPaul,andsheseemedtohaveafurtherunderstandingofmen,knowingwhattheycoulddoandwhattodo.Shewasnottooscared,butbecamemoreconfident.Andherself-confidencecamefromPaul’stramplingonherfeministideologyandheremotionaltragedy.Althoughthesethreerelationshipsarealllovenominally,theybringmoreburdentoPaul.ThethreekindsoflovebetweenMrs.MorellewithPaul,MiriamwithPaulandClarawithPaularenotnormal,butabnormal.Eachkindofloveinthethreerelationshipshasitsownfeatures.II.TheFeaturesofLoveinSonsandLoversEachofthethreekindsoflovehasitsownfeatures.ForPaul,hismother’slovemadehimunabletogetintohisownlifefreely;Miriam,firstlove,isincompleteanditisjustPlatonism.Clara’sloveisnotthetruedesireofhisheart,butkindofalureorjustphysicalattraction.2.1ConstraintLovebetweenMrs.MorelleandPaulwasstifling.ShemadePaullosetheabilitytogetintohisownlifecasually.Motherinterferedwitheverythingwhatshedidwasbeyondwhatamothershoulddo.Fortheson,thiswasakindofpressure,andbondage,andtobeextent,itwasconstraint.BecauseofthediscordbetweenMrs.Morelleandherhusband,shecompletelylostherhopefromherhusband.SheturnedallherbloodintoPaul.Motherandsonbecameinseparableandintimate.Thiswasakindofabnormalloveformotherandchild,andshealreadysurpassedtheloveofamother.Toacertainextent,itwasamanifestationoflove.Mrs.MorelledeprivedPaul’sabilityfromthesouloflovingotherwomen.AndforPaul,helostlovefromhisfather,andhefeltlonelywithoutfather.Forthelongandlonelyyears,hedesiredlovefromothers,sohehadacontinuousconnectionwithhermotherinhissoul.Hecouldnotgetintohislifefreely,andcouldnotreallyloveotherwomen.Wheneverhebegantochoosetoloveawoman,hismotheralwaysgotinvolved,andhismotherhadpouredtoomuchhopeintohim.Hisdependenceonhismotherhadgraduallyevolvedintoanunspeakablesecretlove,andareferencetohisgirlfriend.Hecouldn’ttoleratehisfirstgirlfriendbecauseshewasnotlikehermother;hecouldnotaccepthimsecondgirlfriendsasshewastoolikehismother.Mother’ssexualperversionmadehersonfeelsad,melancholyandataloss.Becauseofhermother,Paulcouldnotloveotherwomen.Asthemotheralmostmeddledinheraffairs.Sheneverhadahusband,arealhusband,Paulcouldnothelpfondlinghermother’shairandkissinghismother’sthroat.This“Oedipuscomplex”hadbecomeakindof“solidlove”,toagreatextent,makinghimlosetheharmonybetweenemotionandreason,andlosethebalancebetween“self”and“superego”.Therefore,Paul’semotionscouldnotbedevelopedandsublimated,andhissexualpsychologicalcharactercouldnotbeperfectedandmatured,thusleadingtothepainandtragedyofhislife.2.2PlatonismLovebetweenMiriamandPaulisincomplete.Miriam,hisfirstlove,onlypursuespiritualloveandrefusesphysicalunion.Miriam’spursuitoflovewasnotapersonaldesire.Shepursuedspiritualresonance.ItmadePaulmiserable.MiriamwasPaul’sfirstlover,shewasastubborngirlwhowasdeeplyinfluencedbythePuritanism.ShehadatendencytolovePlatonism.Forlove,shehadareligiousfrenzy.Fromthebeginning,herrelationshipwithPaulwasbasedonimagination,anditwasspirituallove.HerlovetoPaulattachedimportancetothecombinationwithspirit,butshehadalmostinstinctivedoubtsaboutthecombinationofheat.Herlifehadbeendividedintotwohalves,ontheonehalfwasholyfeeling,dreamyimagination,persistentpursuitandstrongpossession.Ontheotherhalfwasbody,theparalyzedfeeling,stronginferiority,thefearofatonement,andthediscardingofinstinct.InPaul’sopinion,atrueloveshouldnotonlyinvolvethesoul,butalsothecombinationbetweenspiritandflesh.Thiswashisfirstlove,thelovewithgreatlonging,hopingtofindawomansimilartomother.Thiskindofspirituallove,Platonismwasnotwhathereallypursued.Hefelthelplessinthisstubborngirl,whichmadePaulfeelmiserable,andfinallytheyhadtobreakup.AlthoughMiriamstruggledandsufferedhumiliation,shedidnotgettheheartofPaul.Paul,untilhegotridofhismother’sspiritualfetters,couldreturntoherheart.PaulfinallyrefusedhermarriagebecausePaulcouldnotbeartheloveofPlatonism,andwouldratherbealone.2.3LureLovebetweenPaulandClaraisonlyphysicaltransactions,andsuchlovebetweenthemnomorethanlure.Clarawasamarriedwoman,butshestillwasglamorous.PaulwasattractedbyClara’ssexyappeal.IfMiriamwasthesymbolofspirit,Clarawasthesymbolofthebody.ThoughPaulwasintertwinedwithClaraeverynight,heignoredherduringtheday.Theyhadnospiritualcommunicationbutjusttheiroriginalimpulse.AlthoughPaulcouldgetthepleasurethathecouldn’tgetfromMiriam.Theirexperiencedidnotpromotethefurtherdevelopmentoftheirintimacy,sothephysicalpleasuredidn’tdeepenthefeelingsbetweenthem.OncePaulgotwhatheneededfromClara,hisingrainedsenseofmalepowerbegantostirup,soClara’stragedybegan.Paulwasconservativeandarrogant,actuallydespisedClarafromhisbones.ClarawouldneverbeabletoenterPaul’sheart.Paulonlytreatedherasawoman.InthefaceofPaul’srejectionandindifference,Clara’sthirstforspirituallifeseemedsoinsignificant.Intheend,theywereseparated.Clara’snobletemperament,fullbody,beautifulfaceattractedPaul.Clarafeltdisappointedtomarriage,shewasintheemotionalblankperiod,hadbeeninfectedbythehandsomeyoungman.ShefeltdifferencewhenPaulonlywithashortpassion.However,afterpassion,morelonelinessandentanglementwereleftbehind.Clara,whoindulgedherselfinphysicaldesire,soonendedupwithPaulandreturnedtoherhusbandwhowasvulgar,violentandinactive.Itcouldbesaidthatinthesecollisionsofspiritandflesh,wesawfrustratedandpatheticloserswhocouldnotfindafinalwinner.Thesethreekindsofloveallhavetheirownfeatures:constraint,Platonismandlure.Nomatterwhatkindofloveitis,therearealwayssomefactorscontributingtoit,includingsocialfactorsandpersonalfactors.Ⅲ.MainFactorsCausingDeformityofLoveLovebetweenmotherandsonsisconstraint,lovebetweenMiriamandPaulisPlatonism,lovebetweenClaraandPaulislure.Thesethreekindsoflovearenotnormalbutallabnormal.Thischapterwillanalyzethecausesforthedeformedlove.3.1SocialFactorsFirstofall,thisabnormallovecannotbeseparatedfromsocialfactors.Inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,Britaincompletedtheindustrialrevolution.Therealizationofindustrializationhadledtotherapiddevelopmentandprosperityoftheeconomy.Theeconomicdevelopmentonthebasisofindustryinevitablyledtoprofoundchangesintheeconomicstructure;anotherobviousresultofindustrializationwastherapiddevelopmentofthecity,andtheincreaseofurbanpopulationwasfarmorethaninthecountryside.Urbanizationhadalsoaffectedsocialrelations,resultinginanewmodeofproductionandanewinvention.Afternineteenthcentury,theBritishindustrialprocesswasaccelerated,varioussocialevilscameintobeing,forestsandfieldswerepollutedanddestroyed,theidyllictraditionofBritainwasdisappearing;thelowerpeoplelivedamiserablelife.TheemergenceofthetrainandtheurgentdemandforcoalpushedBritainintothefrenzyofbuildingrailwaysandminingcoal.Runningasnumbasamachine.Withtherapiddevelopmentofbusinessandtrade,moreandmorefarmersandhandcraftsmenhaveflockedtobigcitiesandbecomeworkers,andtheyconstitutethebottomofthesocietyandclasscontradictionswerebecomingmoreandmoreintense.Theworkers’movementalsoroserapidlyduringthisperiod.In1893,therewasariotinWattscolliery,thedesperateminerssetfiretothecoalandminingbuildings,andtheauthoritiesmobilizedalargenumberofmilitarypolicetorepresstheminers.Laurencealsosawsomesocialtragedies.MorelleinLaurence’swritingwasoneofthepoorworkers.Atthesametime,thebourgeoisiedevelopedrapidly,makingtheclassdifferenceexpanding,andthecontradictionbetweentheMorelleandhiswifewasintensifying,aswellasbetweenPaulandMiriamandClara.Atlast,itledtotragedy.3.2PersonalFactorsSecondly,thesethreekindsofdeformedloveresultfrompersonalfactorsaswell.Theparents’influenceonPaulwasthemostdirect.LackoftheloveformPaul’sfather,hismothergavegreathopetoherson,Paul.ThediscordbetweenhisparentsmadePauloverlydependentonhermother,hopingtofindhisgirlfriendsimilartohismother.3.2.1TheAbsenceofFather(Husband)Alargepartofthisdeformedloveisduetotheabsenceofafather(husband).MorellePaul’sfather(Mrs.Morelle’shusband)wasbornatthebottomofthesociety.Beforehegotmarried,hewasastrong,vigorous,funnyandwittyyoungman.Aftermarriage,hewasnotrespectbyhiswife.Eventhough,atthebeginning,helovedhiswife,lovedchildrenandlovedhisfamily.However,thelifeoftheminerswashard.Theywerestrugglingforlife,thebadworkingconditions,thegreatworkpressureandtheeconomicpressure.Thedisrespectofhiswifeandthealienationofhischildrencausedhimtobetorturedbythespiritandthusembarkedontheroadofselfindulgence.Eventually,therelationbetweenheandhiswifewasbrokeup.Mrs.Morellecouldn’tgetlovefromherhusband,sosheturnedallherattentiontoherson.Gradually,Paulwasincreasinglydependentonhismother.Astimepassed,thisdeformedlovewasformed.Asforfather,fatheristhemanwhoshowshischildthewaytotheworld.ButintheSonsandLovers,theroleoffatherwasmissing.Morellehadnoabilitytoshouldertheresponsibility.Heneverknewhowtobeafather.Hewasmoreofacontinuationofhisfamilypattern.Intheprocessofgrowingup,childrenneedbothmother’sloveandfather’slove.Whenfather’sroleismissing,orfatherisnotinterestedinchildrenanddisregardchildren,thelittleboyisfirmlygraspedwiththemother,anddevelopsintoanexcessivedependonmother.3.2.2ResponsibilityofMotherMotherisanimportantfigureintheprocessofPaul’sgrowingup.Forthedeformedlovebetweenthemthemotherhasinescapableresponsibility.WhenMrs.Morellewascheatedbyherhusband,shedidnotchoosetocommunicatewithherhusband,butgraduallyclosedheart.Atthebeginning,Morellewasverykindtohiswife.ButMrs.Morelledidn’tfeelit.Herfeelingwasjustthedisillusionmentofherown.Herbeliefwasshaken,soshelovedherchildrenandgraduallydroppedherhusband.Intheend,Mrs.Morelledidn’tlookatherhusbandanymore.Therewasnoplaceinherheartforherhusband,allherlovewasgiventothechild.Theconsequenceofherdisregardforherhusbandwas:herhusbandhasgraduallyleftheralone,andhisfreshenthusiasmforhisfamilywasover.Althoughhusbandbegantotrytodobetterinhisownway,butMrs.Morellehadahigherdemand,andshealwayshadahighsenseofmorality,soifhehadafault,shewouldnotlethimlive.IfMorelledrunk,sheoftenscoldhimforbeinglazy,andsometimescalledhimavillain.Mrs.Morellesufferedfromherhusband’sdomesticviolenceandsawhiscowardice.Soshelostfaithinherhusband,transferredallherhopestoherson,Paul.TheresultwasthatwhenPaulfoundalover,hetendedtogetawomanlikehismother.AndsheaskedPaultodoassheasked..Inthisfamilyenvironment,childrengrowupgradually.BecauseMrs.Morelle’sloveforherhusbandhaddisappeared,andunwittingly,shethrewallherlovetohersons.Inthismisplacedemotion,theabnormallovegraduallyarose.ItisthesocialenvironmentandthepersonalfactorsthatcontributetothedeformedloveinSonsandLovers.Itisatragedy,theprotagonistsofthenovelaresufferinginsuchdeformedlove.ConclusionThispapermainlyanalyzesthethreekindsoflovebetweenPaulandhismother,hisfirstlove,MiriamandClara.Andthenitdiscussesthecharacteristicsofthesethreepairsofrelations.Thelovebetweenthemisincompleteanddeformed.LovebetweenMrs.MorelleandPaulisconstraint.Paul’smotherinterferedwitheverything,andwhatshedidwasbeyondwhatamothershoulddo.AndthelovebetweenMiriamandPaulisPlatonism,spirituallove.Theirloveissuperficialandcannotbefurtherdeveloped.AndthelovebetweenClaraandPaulislure,theirloveisonlyphysicaltransactions.Itisdiscoveredfromthenovelthattherearesomereasonsfortheabnormallove,includingsocialfactorsandpersonalfactors.Asforsocialfactors,thebourgeoisiedevelopedrapidly,andMrs.Morellerepresentedthisclass.Nevertheless,herhusbandwasjustacoalminer,theyhadnocommonlanguage.AndClarawithPaulwasthesameasthatofhisparents,Paulwaseducated,butClarawasnot.Astimepassed,thegapbetweenthemwaswidened.Normalloveisveryimportanttoaperson,andlearningtoloveandbelovedisthemostbasicskillinsociety.Firstofall,peopleshouldn’timposeyourideasonothers.Everyonehastherighttochoosefreely.Secondly,normalloveiscomplete.Inafamily,itneedspaternalloveandmaternallove.Intherelationshipoflovers,thecombinationofsoulandfleshisneeded.Betweenlovers,theydon’talwaysaskforeachothersformuch.Theyaretwoindependentindividuals,notrelyingoneachother.Theyarenothavingtoomuchexpectationontheotherside,buthavingtheirownspiritualworldandpursuit,andtheycanalsobewellintegratedintoeachother’sspiritualworld,andtheywilltrytounderstandandtolerateeachother.Inthenovel,MiriamandPaulcannotunderstandeachother’sworld,theyallpassivelywaitforthelovertoentertheirownworld,untiltherelationofthembreakup.ButClara,shewantstointegrate,butPauldoesnotgivehersuchanopportunity.HedoesnotunderstandthelifeandthoughtofClarawhorepresentthecivilianclass.Betweenp