英文,常用数学符号公式和等式的读法

一、常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法+加号,加plus+正号positive-减号,减minus-负号,负negetive±加或减plusorminus±正或负plusorminus·乘multipliedbytimesinto÷除dividedby:比proportionalto=等号equalsign=等于toequal,toequals>大于greaterthan<小于lessthan≥大于等于greaterthanorequal≤小于等于lessthanorequal≡恒等于identicalwith≈约等于approximatelyequal≌全等于congruent～等价于equivalentto;相似于similarto→趋近于approaches()括号,括弧1)parentheses;parenthesis;signparenthesis圆括号,圆括弧2)roundbrackets[]方括号1)squre[angular]brackets括号2)brackets{}花括号braces∑求和summstionof;sigma从1到n的和thesumformiequalsoneton;sigma从1到n的积theproductformiequalsonetonx1+x2+x3+ΛΛxonextwoplusxthree,etc(etcetera)a=b1)aequalstob2)aisequaltob3)aisba≠baisnotequaltob;aisnotba>baisgreaterthanbaa≥baisgreaterthanorequaltoba≤baislessthanorequaltoba≈baapproximatelyequal(s)ba∝bavariesdirectlyasb;ais(directly)proportionaltoba∈AaismemberofsetAA⊂BAiscontainedinB;AisapropersubsetofBAIBAintersectionBAYBAunion{}或φemptyset⇒implies⇔isequivalenttoxRyxisintherelationRtoya±baplusorminusb(a+b)(a-b)aplusb,aminusb(a+b)2aplusballsquared(a÷b)2aoverballsquaredn!nfactorial;factorialna%apersent|a|moda;modulusax→∞xapproachesinfinity0<x0≤x≤azeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequaltoac=a.b1)cequals(isequalto)amultipliedbyb2)cequalsatimesb1:2theratioofonetotwo1/2ahalf;onehalf1/3athird;onethird1/100a[one]hundredth1/1000a[one]thousandth0.1(.1)zeropointone;noughtpointone0.01(.01)zeropointzeroone;noughtpointnoughtone3.1416threepointonefouronesix14.onefourpointonefour,onefourrecurringa:btheratioofatoba:b=c1)adevidedbybequalsc2)adevidedbybisc3)theratioofatobisca:b=c:d1)theratioofatobequalstheratioofctod2)aistobascistoda+b>caplusbisgreaterthenca+b<thenbplus>a+b=caplusbis(are;equals;isequalto)ca-b=caminusb(bfroma)is(equals;isequalto;leaves)c(a,b)a<X[a,b]a≤x≤btheclosedintervalfromatob(a,b)theintervala<X≤B<td>[a,b]theintervala≤x<B<td>a<Xa≤x≤baislessthenorequaltoxislessthenorequaltoblogaxlogarithm(base)ofxlnxnaturallogarithmofxx21)xsquare;xsquured2)xtothesecondpower3)xraisedtothesecondpower4)thesquareofx5)thesecondpowerofx6)xtothesecondx31)xcube;xcubed2)xtothethirdpower3)xraisedtothethirdpower4)thecubeofx5)thethirdpowerofx6)xtothethirdxn1)xtothen-thpower2)xraisedtothen-thpower3)then-thpowerofx4)xtothen-thx-n1)xtotheminusn-th2)xtotheminusn-thpowerradical=b1)thesquarerootofais(equals)b2)thesquarerootoutofais(equals)bthesquarerootofathecuberootofathecuberootthen-throota′aprimean1)asecondprime2)adoubleprime3)atwicedashed;am1)atripleprime2)athirdprimea11)asubone2)afirsta21)asubtwo2)asecondam1)asubm2)am-tha'm1)aprime,subm2)asubm,primea'1afirstprimean2asecond,secondprimeyfirstderivativeofysecondderivativeofydy/dxfirstderivativeofywithrespecttoxd2y/dx2secondderivativeofywithrespecttoxy=f(x)yisafunctionofx∫integralof1)integralof……fromatob2)integralof……betweenlimitsaandbcapitalLequalsthesquarerootof(outof)capitalRsquareplusminusxsquareatothembyn-thpowerequalsthen-throotof(outof)atothem-thpowerP=∞pisequaltoinfinity∠angle⊥perpendicular;isperpendicularto∥parallel;isparallelto△ABCtriangjeABCvectorFabar≌iscongruentto～issimilartA-1inverseofmatrixA%percent二、英语缩写词absabsolute绝对的absolutely绝对地A.DAnnoDomini公元adinfadinfinitum趋于无限adsaddress地址aggaggregate总数、共计alalgebra代数altaltitude高度alternate交错,交替a.mabove-mentioned上述的a.m.arithmeticmean算术平均amtamount数量ansanswer答案、解答、回答AoIand-or-inverter与或非A.Parithmeticprogression等差数列applapplication应用apprapproximate近似、约计appxappendix附录argargument自变数,幅角aritharithmetic算术autautomatic自动的aux,auxilauxiliary辅助的av,avgaverage平均AxAxiom公理B.CBeforeChrist公元前BCDBinaryCodedDecimal二进制编码的十进制BC.OBinaryCodedOctal二进制编码的八进制℃(c)centigrate摄氏度Ccubic立方的cycle周centi厘,百分之一cacirca大约CADComputer-AidedDesign计算机辅助设计CAIComputer-AidedInstruction计算机辅助教学calcdcalculated计算的catcatalog(ue)目录,一览表C.C.WCounter-Clockwise逆时针方向c.dcentredistance中心距离cf.confer参看、见、比较cgcenterofgravity重心C.G.SCentimetreGrammeSecond厘米·克·秒(单位)制Ch.Chapter章chapchapter章charcharacter字符circircular圆形的circumcircumference圆周citcited引用cktcircuit电路C.l.center-line中心线C.L.Acenterlineaveragemethod算术平均法,平均高度法cmcentimetre厘米coeff.coefficient系数comcommon公,公共colcolumn行,纵行,栏,项目,柱pare比较concontra相反conclusion结论con.secconicsections圆锥曲线constconstant常数construction作图cont(contd)continued续,接Contr.Contracted省略的Contraction省略Corcorollary推论,系cpcompare比较ctconstant常数circuit电路,线路ctr(s)center(s)中心cu(cub)cubic立方C.W.clockwise顺时针方向CYcycle周期,周ddegree度Ddensity密度diameter直径date日期D.C.digitalcomputer数字计算机D.Edifferentialequation微分方程def(def’n)definition定义degdegree度demondemonstrative求证dendensity密度derderivative导数,微商detdetail详细,细节,详图DFdecimalfraction(十进)小数dia(m)diameter直径diagdiagram图,图解diffdifference差,不同DIVdivide除Do(d°)ditto同上,同前,如前所述doubdouble加倍,二倍,成双的,成倍的DPdataprocessing数据处理Eeast东editedition版,版本e.eerrorexpected允许的误差e.gexempligratia=forexample例如eq.equal相等eq(eq’n)equation等式,方程esp.especially特别etaletalii及其他etalibi及别处etcetcetera等等etseqetsequentia及以下等等ex(s)example(s)例exercise练习,习题extra特别的extexternal外部的exterior在外ffrequency频率figfigure图,图形fnfunction函数,功能FQCYfrequency频率fxdfixed固定的,不变的g(gm)gramme克GAgeneralaverage平均值G.C.Dgreatestcommondivisor最大公约数G.C.Fgreatestcommonfactor最大公因子G.C.Mgreatestcommonmeasure最大公约数geom.geometry几何学G.Pgeometricalprogression等比数列,几何数列gr(grm)gram克hhour小时height高,高度H.C.F.highestcommonfactor最高公因式,最大公约数hfhalf半horhorizontal水平的hrhour小时hyphypothesis假设ib(ibid)ibidem在同处(书,文献等出处)ididem同前,同上,同作者,同样idenidentical恒等,全等i.eidest=thatis即,就是,换言之igidemquod如同ihinvertedhour逆(反)时针的imimage图像incincrease增加indindex索引,指标,刻度indefindefinite无限,不定in.exinextenso全部infinfinity无穷大,无限大infra上、下限inhinvertedhour逆(反)时针的intinterior内部的,在内int.alinteralia尤其I/Oinput/output输入/输出ITinformationtechnology信息技术informationtheory信息论IVindependentvariable独立变数Jjournal期刊,杂志jourjournal期刊,杂志kgkilogram千克kmkilometer千克llength长度l.clococitato上述引文中L.C.M.leastcommonmultiple最小公倍数(式)Lowestcommonmultiple最低公倍式Lgthlength长度l.hlefthand左方,左侧limlimit极限linlinear直线的,一次的,线性的litliter(公)升loclocation位置loc.citlococitato上述引文中ISDleastsignificantdigit最低(数)位,最右(数)位Mmega兆(106)mille千M(m)medium中间,中等mmetre米milli毫(10-3)million兆(106)minute分钟μ(mu)micro微(10-6)maemeanabsoluteerror平均绝对误差magmagnitude量,大小mathmathematical数学的mathematics