2024年高考英语复习主题词汇专题30 自然科学研究成果 （教师版）

资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】话题三十自然科学研究成果第一部分话题词汇积累单词&短语1.acidn.______________________2.atomn.______________________3.botanyn.______________________4.celln.______________________5.chargen.______________________6.chemicaln.______________________7.chemistn.______________________8.chemistryn.______________________9.circuitn.______________________10.compoundn.______________________11.currentn.______________________12.electricityn.______________________13.elementn.______________________14.energyn.______________________15.evolutionn.______________________16.experimentn.______________________17.forcen.______________________18.formulan.______________________19.genen.______________________20.geneticsn.______________________21.organismn.______________________22.microscopen.______________________23.moderntechnology____________________________________________24.newfrontier____________________________________________25.haveaneffecton/upon____________________________________________26.hightechproducts____________________________________________27.householdrobot____________________________________________28.industrialrobot____________________________________________29.digitaltechnology____________________________________________30.makefulluseof____________________________________________词汇拓展1.strikev.撞；碰；撞击；碰撞；打；击；击打，踢(球等)n.罢工；罢课；罢市；军事进攻；袭击；(尤指)空袭【搭配】strikeat朝……打击strikeagainst撞……strikesb.onthehead打某人的头goonstrike举行罢工beonstrike在罢工Theteacher___________thetablewheneverhewasangry.教师一生气就敲桌子。___________whiletheironishot.趁热打铁。Theclockhasjust___________twelve.十二点的钟声刚刚响过。VisitorstoHangzhouareusually___________bythebeautifulscenery.到杭州的游客常被那里的美景迷住。Hiscousinwassaidtobe____________byasnake.据说他的表姐被蛇咬伤了。Workersoften___________inthatcountry.那个国家的工人经常罢工。2.hangv,悬挂；吊；垂下；垂落；(使)低垂，下垂，n.(衣服、织物等的)悬挂方式，下垂【搭配】hangon等一下hangabout闲逛；徘徊hangout出外玩儿；晾衣服hangoff拉开；踌躇不前hangup把……挂起来；挂断hangover暂时搁置；挂在……上letitallhangout宜泄感情hang(on)inthere坚持，不气馁I___________mycoatonahook.我把大衣挂在钩子上。Theking___________himselffromthetree.国王就是在这棵树上吊死的。She____________herheadinshame.她含羞低下了头。Thedecisionisstill___________尚未做出决定。OnNationalDayredflagsare___________outofeverywindow.国庆节那天，每个窗口都挂出红旗。I___________whenourtalkwasthrough.我们谈完后，我就把电话挂断了。活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，1.IwillgiveyouaphonecallthemomentI____________(arrive)inBeijing.2.Unlessextramoney___________(find),thetheatrewillclose.3.Ifhe___________(accept)thejob,he___________(get)moremoneysoon.4.TaiChi___________(call)"shadowboxing"inEnglish.5.Iwasreadingwhenthetelephone____________(ring).6.MrWhite,aswellashistwosons___________(drive)ontheroadwhentheysawastrangeanimalinfrontofhim.7.Ifthenewstudents___________(accept),manyuniversitieswillofferthemaninstruction.8.We____________(watch)TVwhensuddenlyafire___________(break)outinthekitchen.9.I____________(eat)withmywifewhenweheardaloudnoise.10.On22thDecember,2020,agrowingupceremony_____________(hold)ineachclassroomofgrade3students.11.Look!Somestudents___________(run)ontheplayground,12.ThenI___________(begin)tofeeloutofpatience.13.Thisbook___________(write)byamiddleschoolstudentin2000.14.Theroomwassohotthatshe____________(feel)dizzy.15.Inhistwenties,everydayhe____________(ride)hisoldbicycletohisoffice.二、翻译句子1.如果能得到这份工作，我将竭尽全力做好它。______________________________________________________2.我写信是想为未能参加你的生日聚会道款。______________________________________________________3.自从我来到中国已经有半年了。______________________________________________________4.这几天我一直在忙着准备英语演讲比赛。______________________________________________________参考答案单词&短语1.酸；酸类2.原子3.植物学4.细胞5.电荷6.化学品7.化学家8.化学9.电路10.化合物11.(水，气，电)流12.电13.元素14.能量；能源15.进化16.实验17.力18.公式，配方19.基因20.遗传学21.有机体；生物22.显微镜23.现代科技24.新领域25.对……有影响26.高科技产品27.家用机器人28.工业机器人29.数字技术30.充分利用词汇拓展1.struck;Strike;struck;struck;struck;strike2.hung;hanged;hung;hanging;hung;hungup活学活用一、1.arrive2.isfound3.accepts;willget4.iscalled5.rang6.wasdriving7.areaccepted8.werewatching;broke9.waseating10.washeld11.arerunning12.began13.waswritten14.felt15.rode二、1.IfIamofferedthejob,Iwilltrymybest/makeeveryefforttodoitwell.2.Iamnowwritingtoapologizetoyoufornotattendingyourbirthdayparty.3.Ithasbeen/ishalfayearsinceIcametoChina.4.IhavebeenbusypreparingforanEnglishspeechcon-testthesedays.第二部分话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解Thisyear,inMarch,IjumpedintoaheatedpoolinCalifomiatomeetadolphinnamedDelle.AsIapproachedher,Delleturnedtowardsmeandbecameplayful,greetingmebysplashingmewithherbeak.Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemaingiveawaythatDellethedolphinwasarobot.Justasfake(假的)animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglylessacccptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocumentarieslikeBlackfish(2013)andTheCove(2009)haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofoccanmammals.Theresultingpublicprotesthasmadeaquariums(水族馆)controversial,attractinglessvisitors.Arguably，entertainingpeoplewithcaptive(圈养的)animalsisvitalforanimalconservation.Manyzoosandaquariumsactivelytrytopromoteconservationeffortsbyprovidingeducationalexperiencesandencouraginginterestinthenaturalworld.Thistypeofentertainmentisuseful,becauseitinspirespeopletocare.Atfirst,thisseemslikeareasontoavoidreplacingtheanimalswithtechnology.However,researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultsonengagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.Whenphysicallyinteractive,robotsattractalotofattention.Peopletendtotreatthemlikethey’realive,eventhoughtheyknowperfectlywellthey’rejustmachines.Ifwestarttoreplacetheanimalsinourthemeparkswithmachines,willthistrenddecreaseourwonderforthenaturalworld?Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions(本能反应)afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon’tbelievethatusingthisrobotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.8．WhydoestheauthormentionDelleinparagraph1?A．Toshareaspecialexperience.B．Topromoterubberydolphins.C．Todrawattentiontorobotanimals.D．Todescribeadolphinpreformance.9．Whatcanwelearnaboutliveanimalsinzoos?A．Theyarecruellytreated.B．Theymakezoospopular.C．Theyarewellentertained.D．Theydeserveconservation.10．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Reasonsforreplacinganimalswithrobots.B．Benefitsofentertainingpeoplewithrobots.C．Researchresultsoninteractionwithrobots.D．Publicconcernsoverengagementwithrobots.11．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoreplacinganimalswithmachines?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.8．C

9．D

10．C

11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器动物的运用以及社会对它的各种看法。8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemaingiveawaythatDellethedolphinwasarobot.（我很高兴，伸手拍拍她发亮的皮肤。感觉像橡胶一样，这是海豚黛勒是个机器人的主要证据。）”可推知，作者在第一段提到海豚黛勒是因为想要引出本文话题，吸引读者注意，让大家关注到有机器动物这个东西。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段一、二句“Justasfake(假的)animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglylessacccptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocumentaricslikeBlackfish(2013)andTheCove(2009)haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofoccanmammals.（就像假动物变得越来越逼真一样，将活体动物用于娱乐目的也越来越难以接受。《黑鱼》(2013)和《海湾》(2009)等纪录片揭露了一些海洋哺乳动物遭受的可怕待遇和痛苦。）”可知，动物园里的活体动物也是值得我们保护的。故选D项。10．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段第二句“However,researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultsonengagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.（然而，在快速发展的人机交互领域的研究显示，与能够模仿逼真行为的机器人互动产生了惊人的结果。）”结合本段来看，本段主要是在介绍与机器人交互的研究成果。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions(本能反应)afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon’tbelievethatusingthisrobotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.（我在推特上发布了机器海豚的视频后，很多人都表达了负面的本能反应。然而，我不相信使用这种机器动物会让我们忘记生物的价值。）”可推知，作者对于用机器人代替动物是持赞成的态度的。故选A项。（B）七选五 ANervousJourneyLet’stakeajourney.Itisgoingtobeafastone,sobeprepared.Wherearewegoing?Wearegoingtostartatyourheadandendupatyourtoes.___16___Itmaybetheshortestandfastesttripofyourlife.Areyouready?Let’sbegin.Wiggleyourbigtoe.Okay,we’redone.Youmightbesaying,“That’sit?”Wesaiditwasgoingtobeafastride!Youjustsentamessagewithanelectricalsignalfromyourbraintothemusclesinyourtoe.Bingo!Itmoves.___17___Theelectricalsignalsinyourbodycanmoveasfastas150meterspersecond.Intheamountoftimeittakesyoutosay“Mississippi”threetimes,anervecouldsendanelectricalsignalthelengthofafootballfieldandback.Nowthatyouknowhowfastanerveimpulse(神经冲动)cantravel,let’stakealookatthesystemthatisthehighwayfortheseelectricalsignals.Thehumanbodyismadeoftrillionsoftinycells.Eachcellissosmallthatyouneedamicroscopetoseethem.Yourskin,yourhair,youreye—allaremadeupofcells.___18___Musclecellsmoveyourbody.Skincellsprotectyourbody.Onespecialtypeofcell,neurons(神经元),allowyourbraintosendmessagestoeverypartofyourbody.Thecenterofthenervoussystemisthebrain.Thebraintakesinwhatyoureyesseeandwhatyourearshear.___19___Youcanthinkofyournervoussystemasarelayteampassingabatonfromonerunnertothenext.Butinsteadofrunners,youhavecells,andinsteadofabaton,youhaveinformation.___20___Ithandsitsinformationtothenextcell,whichpassestheinformationtoanothercell.Intheend,theinformationreachesitsdestinationandcausesachange—maybeamusclecontracts.The“information”batonpassedfromneurontoneuronisusuallyasmallelectricaleventcalledanactionpotential.A．Justhowfastwasthesignalmoving?B．Aneuroninyourbrainstartstherelay.C．Differenttypesofcellsdodifferentjobs.D．Youmighthaveheardthemcalledbraincells.E．Didyoueverwishyoucouldgoinsidesomeone’sbrain?F．Itmaynotseemlikealongtrip,butitisgoingtobefast.G．Ifyoudecidethatyouwanttomovearound,yourbraintellsyourmusclestodoit.16．F

17．A

18．C

19．G

20．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑中的神经元通过神经冲动指挥人体行动的原理和过程。16．根据前文“Wearegoingtostartatyourheadandendupatyourtoes.(我们将从你的头部开始，到你的脚趾。)”和后文“Itmaybetheshortestandfastesttripofyourlife.(这可能是你一生中最短最快的一次旅行。)”可知，此处是指从头部到脚趾并不是一段很长的旅行，但是很快。所以选项F“这似乎不是一段漫长的旅程，但它会很快。”切合文意。故选F。17．根据后文“Theelectricalsignalsinyourbodycanmoveasfastas150meterspersecond.(你体内的电信号可以以每秒150米的速度移动。)”可知，此处是讲人体内的信号移动得有多快，所以选项A“信号移动的速度有多快？”切合文意。故选A。18．根据后文“Musclecellsmoveyourbody.Skincellsprotectyourbody.Onespecialtypeofcell,neurons(神经元),allowyourbraintosendmessagestoeverypartofyourbody.(肌肉细胞推动身体运动。皮肤细胞保护你的身体。一种特殊类型的细胞，神经元，让你的大脑发送信息到你身体的每个部分。)”可知，此处是指不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作，所以选项C“不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作。”切合文意。故选C。19．根据前文“Thecenterofthenervoussystemisthebrain.Thebraintakesinwhatyoureyesseeandwhatyourearshear.(神经系统的中心是大脑。大脑接收眼睛看到的和耳朵听到的。)”可知，此处是指大脑是行动的指挥中心，所以选项G“如果你决定要四处走动，你的大脑会告诉你的肌肉这样做。”切合文意。故选G。20．根据后文“Ithandsitsinformationtothenextcell,whichpassestheinformationtoanothercell.Intheend,theinformationreachesitsdestinationandcausesachange—maybeamusclecontracts.The“information”batonpassedfromneurontoneuronisusuallyasmallelectricaleventcalledanactionpotential.(它将信息传递给下一个细胞，下一个细胞将信息传递给另一个细胞。最后，信息到达目的地并引起变化——也许是肌肉收缩。从一个神经元传递到另一个神经元的“信息”指挥棒通常是一个称为动作电位的小电事件。)”可知，此处是指神经元开始了接力赛，所以选项B“你大脑中的一个神经元开始了这个接力。”切合文意。故选B。（C）语法填空StarEatingPurpleforYourHealthEatarainbowofcoloursoften,asdietitiansarefondofsaying—andwithgoodreason.Eatingavarietyofcolourfulfoodprovidesvitaminsandmineralsthatcan’t____36____(replace)withsupplementtonourishyourbody.AccordingtoexpertsfromWholeFoods,afoodcompanyintheUnitedStates,whoexaminedconsumerbehaviourgloballyacross465stores,ourplateslookverycolourfulthisyear,____37____purplefoodsparticularlypopular.Thisisindeedthecase.____38____(walk)throughanysupermarketandyouwillfindrichly-colouredpurplefoodsarepoppingontheshelves.Thepurplefoodtrendinthemarketisunsurprising,____39____(give)howhealth-consciouspeoplearebecominginrecentyears.Peoplehavelongknown____40____thedarkerthecolouroffood,thehigherthecontentsofantioxidants(抗氧化剂)andnutrientswillbeandthe____41____(healthy)thefood.Infact,theyareinspiredtoeatmorepurplefoodsbecauseastudyfoundthatthosewhoatepurplefruitsandvegetablesregularlyoftenhavelowcholesterol(胆固醇)andareducedriskofgettingbloodpressure.Researchshowsthatthesefoodsgettheirpurplecolourfromanthocyanins(花青素),____42____havebeenlinkedwithantioxidantsandanti-agingpropertiesinthebody.Purplefoodshelppromotebonehealth,andhavealsobeenshown____43____(lower)theriskofsomecancersandimprovememory.Takepurplesweetpotatoesforexample