第02讲选词填空钓鱼（原题版）

第02讲：选词填空钓鱼方略第02讲：选词填空钓鱼方略课程目标课程目标演练EQ\o\ac(

,●)专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。EQ\o\ac(

,●)题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。知识梳理知识梳理演练词性考察考点分析做题技巧名词1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语2、注意名词也可作前置定语1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。4、根据文章理解确定答案。5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。动词do/does形式：1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断2、注意三单和动词及物不及物doing形式：1、可能是动名词和现在分词2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况done形式：1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等形容词单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语副词句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末解题思路一：名词的确定动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：（2022·上海宝山二模）A.convincedB.healingC.featuresD.bendE.announcedF.excitementG.relaxedH.initiallyI.reliableJ.particularlyK.characterDisneyparksandmoviesneverfailtocapturemyimagination!IwasachildwhenIfirstexperiencedtheJungleCruiserideatDisneyland.Theboatandthescenerylookedsoreal!Iexpecteddangerandexcitementaroundevery___31___oftheriver.DwayneJohnsonplaysFrank,ariverboatcaptainwhoknowstheriverbetterthananyoneelse.EmilyBlunt’s___37___,Lily,isascientist.She’sinsearchofatreethatiswidelybelievedtopossess___38___powers.Ican’twaittoexperiencetheadventureofwatchingDisney’slongawaitedJungleCruise.Watchingitintheaterswillbringmebacktothe____40____ofvisitingDisneylandasachild.解题思路二：动词的确定动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例：（2023·上海奉贤二模）A.lonelyB.conveyC.touchesD.inconvenienceE.widelyF.acpanyingG.positionH.capturesI.abandonJ.sensoryK.wearingEarlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(质地)hewantedto____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate____13____tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknife’ssharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alanpossessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thinwithconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.AlthoughAlan’spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.Thesedrawingsaretheseedcornonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe____16____soundsandsmells.解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：（2023·上海松江二模）A.dismissedB.faintlyC.foreignD.grantedE.journeyedF.mysteriousG.overlookH.promiseIreflectionJ.typicallyK.versionLong___33___asamonfieldflower,unworthyofseriousattentionbytheartist,poetorgardener,thedaffodilenjoyedarevivalthanksinparttoWordsworth’spoem.Today,it’seasyto____34____thedaffodilforwecanfinditalmosteverywhere,ingardensorinart.解题思路四：形容词的确定形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：（2023·上海虹口二模）A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.exploreG.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbalizeSupportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto____13____followinga20minutewalkinthepark,paredtoa20minutewalkonthestreetsofawellkepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsremendedusingsuch“doses(剂量)ofnature”asasafeand____14____wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Besidesthese____15____effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement____16____,whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Whenitestothechild’sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)____19____riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.解题思路五：副词的确定副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；（2023·上海普陀二模）A.generatedB.mechanicallyC.partnershipD.reformingE.poweredF.efficiencyG.growingH.greatlyI.sustainableJ.revolutionizeK.emissionsTodaymostplasticismadefrompetrochemicals,usingprocesses___18___byfossilfuels.Whileagreatdealisthrownaway,alargeproportionofplasticswastecanbecollectedandsenttobe____19____recycled.Thisinvolveswashing,dryingandgrindingthematerial,thenheatingand___20___itintoanewproduct.Butatnostageisthechemicalstructureoftheplasticchanged.Inordertoreducepollution,theplasticsmanufacturingsectorneedstechnologicalinnovation.课堂精练课堂精练演练1、（2023上·上海·高二上海市建平中学校考期中）A．clearingB．mercialC．cutD．effectivelyE．exhaustingF．likewiseG．rangeH．restoringI．scarcityJ．surprisinglyK．underestimatedThebestbossesknowhowtosubtractworkpaniesareusedtocelebratingaddition.Profits,customersandsharepricesshouldgoupratherthanfall.Innovationistheaddingofnewproducts.Largernumbersareameasureofcareersuccess.Firmsarenotalwaysopposedtosubtraction.Therearegoodkindsofcuts.Reducingcostsisanecessarypartofmanagement,thoughnotaweleone.Butthevalueofdoinglessis1.Thebestbossesarethosewhotakethingsawayaswellasaddthemon.Thatmeans2timeforemployeestogetworkdone.Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses.Someareuseful;manyofthemarenot.Shopify,anemercefirm,begantheyearbydeleting12,000meetingsfromcorporatecalendars,andaskingeveryonetothinkcarefullybefore3them.Thepanyreportsariseinproductivityasaresultofthe4.Theonlythingworsethanhavingtoomanymeetingsisnotbeinginvitedtothematall.Sowhenevermeetingstakeplace,5largenumbersofpeoplecanturnup.Minusmindedmanagerswillgiveemployeespermissionnottoattendiftheyarenotneeded.Goodbosses,6,willsendmessageswhennecessary,noteverytimeabrightideapopsintotheirhead.Theywillreducethetempoofwork,byleavingemployeestimetoconcentrate.Theywillbeclearifsomethingisurgentornot.Subtractionisnotjustaboutremovingdaytodaydistractions.It’salsoabouttakingdecisionstokilloffprojectsandproductsthataregoingnowhere,andtofocuseffortsonthemostimportantbitsofthebusiness.In“TheCaseforGoodJobs”,anewbook,ZeynepTonofMITSloanSchoolofManagementarguesthatdoinglesscanoftenmake7sense.Costco,awellregardedAmericanretailerhasadeliberatelylimitedproduct8.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timemoreproductively.Lessmaynotsoundlikeagreatouteforcustomers,butatsomepointchoiceisdeeply9.Whenyouhavespentmoretimetryingtodecidewhattowatchonastreamingservicethanittakestogotothecinemaandwatch“Oppenheimer”twice,10seemsprettyattractive.2、（2023上·上海·高二上海交大附中校考开学考试）A．referring

B．refresh

C．pin

D．occurred

E.acknowledgingF.identify

G.drain

H.discouraged

I.specific

J.negativeK.specificallyMakeaWishListMostofusknowofNewYear’sResolutions,whereonesetsintentionsfortheyearahead.Buttoooften,peoplemaketheirresolutions11—“Iwillnolongereatbiscuitsleftatmydesk”—andthenfeelunhappy.InthecoldmonthofJanuary,thelastthingyouneedisto12yourenergyfurtherbysettingupaseriesofbattleswithyourself.Andifyoubreakaresolution,youfeel13,whichisarubbishwaytostarttheyear.Whatyouneedinsteadarethingstolookforwardto.Soinstead,tryawishlist.Thisinvolveswritingdown100thingsyouwouldliketodointheyearahead.Theitemscanbeenormousortiny,rangingfrom“ClimbEverest”to“buyanewpencilsharper”.Themainthingisthatatsomepointithas14toyouassomethingthatyouwouldliketodo.Thekeyhereis—writeitdown.Doyoufeelanyresistancetotheideas?Ifso,askyourselfwhy.Whatiswrongwith15whatyouwouldliketodo?Trynottosaytoyourself:“Ican’tIdon’thavethemoney/time/energy/skills.”Justwriteitdown.Ithelpstobe16,soratherthan“Getoutdoors”,17aplaceyouwouldliketovisit.Andtakeyourtimewhencreatingit—awishlistisnotbuiltinaday.Thinkaboutit,polishitand18it.Finally,youhaveyourlist.Andwhataworkofbeautyitis.Hereareallthethingsthatyouwouldliketodo.Rememberto19themupwhereyoucanseethem;letyourselfconsiderhowtheycanbeacplished.You’llbeamazedthatsomanyofyourdreamscanberealizedthoughthesimpletrickofwritingthemdownand20tothem.3、（2023下·上海嘉定·高二统考期末）A．appearancesB．imitatingC．distinguishD．isolateE.advantageousF.diverseG.identicalH.criterionI.markingsJ.poisonousK.threateningWhydifferentspeciesstartlookingexactlythesameIsitbettertostandoutfromthecrowdorbesimilartothebackground?Forbirds,theanswerisplicated.Whilepeacocks(孔雀)showofftheirbrightlycoloredfeatherstoattractmatesandwardoffpredators(捕食者),otherbirdsfindit21tohidethemselvesbyimitatingthelooksofotherbirds.Groupsofbirdsflyingtogetheroftenefromthesamespecies,makingithardto22onefromanother.However,somegroupsofbirdsincludingtwoormorespeciestakeonsimilar23,whichisanunmonphenomenon.“Theyallsharerandomfeatures,likefeathersonheadoryellowbellies(腹部),whichmakesthemalmost24.Youcan’treallytellthemapartwithoutlookingattheir25.”saysScottRobinson,afamousscholar.Hisnewstudysuggests26anotherbird’sappearanceisnotacoincidence(巧合)butratheranevolutionarymethodtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvival.Lookinglikeabirdfromadominantspecieshelpsreduceattackfromothermembersandappearmore27topotentialpredators.“Inimitation,youoftenwanttolooklikesomethingbecausethere’sanadvantagetobeingthatotherthing.Youwantspeciestothinkyou’re28orlowprofitabletarget.”saysRebeccaKimball,aprofessorofbiology.“Ingroupingbirds,oneideaisthatthishasmoretodowithapredator’sabilityto29atarget.Whenthereareagroupofbirdsmovingaround,itmaybeeasierforpredatorstoidentifyanindividualthathasadistinctcolorpattern.”Whileitmaynotseemlikeitatfirst,imitatingotherbirdsishelpingtocreatemore30species.Notonlydobirdsimitatemorethanonespeciesastheygrowup,buttheirappearancevariesovertime.课后反馈课后反馈演练（2022·高二上海市晋元高级中学校考期末）A．stems

B．insecure

C．squeezed

D．individual

E.glued

F.spreadingG.head

H.simply

I.distracting

J.spacious

K.originallyYou’llOftenWalkAloneTherehasbeenaquietpandemic(流行病)developingwhilemostpeople’sattentionhasbeenonCovid19.Thelockdownhasworsenedaproblemthathasbeen1inmanydevelopednationsfordecades:loneliness.Partoftheproblem2fromcontemporaryemployment.Globally,twoinfiveofficeworkersfeellonelyatwork.ThisrisestothreeinfiveinBritain.Gigeconomy(零工经济)jobscanleavepeoplewith3inesandwithoutthepanionshipofcolleagues.Thepandemichasmadeitmoredifficulttomake,andmaintain,friendships,particularlyfornewemployees.Evenbeforethecrisis,thehopethat4officeswouldencouragegreatercamaraderie(友情)provedtobefalse.Manypeoplefindthechatter5andwithdrawwithnoisecancelingheadphones.Theythenemailcolleagueswhoaresittingonlyafewdesksaway.Perhapslonelinessrelatestohumanhistory.Massurbanizationisarelativelyrecentdevelopment;ifthehistoryofhumanexistencewas6intoasingleday,theIndustrialRevolutiondidnotoccuruntilalmostmidnight.Formuchofthattime,humanslivedinsmallgroupsofhuntergatherers;citiesmayjustoverwhelmthesenses.Ms.Hertzpointsherfingeratarecentdevelopment:socialmedia.Theinternethasledtoomuchcyberbullying(althoughithasalsobeenasourceofpanionshipduringthelockdown).Andpeople7totheirsmartphonesspendlesstimeinteractingsocially.Somechangesinbehaviorareowingto8choice.Beforethepandemicnoonewasstoppingpeoplegoingtochurchortakingpartinsports.They9preferredtodootherthings.Indeed,onereasonforthedeclineinmunalactivitiesisthatmenchoosetobewiththeirfamiliesratherthan10tothebar;Americanfathersspendthreetimesasmuchtimewiththeirchildrenastheydidinthe1960s.Thatissurelyaweledevelopment.Sorecreatingamunalsocietymaybedifficult.2、（2023·上海宝山·高二上海市吴淞中学校考阶段练习）A．authorized

B．colonization

C．engineering

D．eventuallyE.fleeing

F.flown

G.founded

H.initiativeI.pursuing

J.rapidly

K.strategySpaceX’sFutureDependsonaGiganticRocketand42,000InternetSatellitesSpaceExplorationTechnologiesCorporation(SpaceX)isanAmericanaerospacemanufacturerandspacetransportservicespanywithitsheadquartersinHawthorne,California,USA．Itwas11in2002byformerPayPalentrepreneurandTeslaMotorsCEOElonMuskwiththegoalofcreatingthetechnologiestoreducespacetransportationcostsandenablethe12ofMars.IthasdevelopedtheFalcon1andFalcon9launchvehicles,bothofwhichweredesignedfromconceptionto13beereusable.IthasalsodevelopedtheDragonspacecraftwhichis14intoorbit(轨道)bytheFalcon9launchvehicletosupplytheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)withcargo.SpaceXwantstouseitsStarshiprocketforthekindofvoyagestoMarsandbeyondthatElonMuskhaslongdreamedof15.Starshipalsoformsanimportantfoundationofthefuturebusiness16athisspacepany,whichwantstousethevehicleinparttobuildoutStarlink,thesatelliteinternetservicemanyinvestorsbelievecouldintheendformthebulkofthepany’srevenue(收入).SpaceXfacessteepchallengesin17Starshipintoareusablerocketthatwouldsharplydrivedownlaunchcosts.Mr.Muskrecentlysaidtheshiptakesupmoreofhistimethananyothersingle18,andwarnedthevehicle,alongwiththeInternetservice,isposingsignificantchallengesforthepany.Starshipstands160feettallandhasadiameterof30feet,creatingroomtosendhundredsofStarlinksatellitestoorbitatonce,morethantheseveraldozenitisabletodeploy(部署)rightnowononeofitsFalcon9rockets.Thepanyplansto19boostthepaceofsatellitelaunchesintheyearsahead.TheFederalmunicationsmissionhas20SpaceXtolauncharound12,000satellites,butthepanywantstoaddatleastaround30,000more.Mr.MuskunveiledStarlinkin2015,aimingtodevelopanetworkofsmallersatellitesinaloworbitaroundEarththatcouldprovidehighspeedinternetaccessaroundtheworld.3、（2023下·上海·高二复旦附中校考期中）HowtogetusedtogenderneutrallanguageA．relate

B．addressed

C．constant

D．filter

E.trickier

F.switchG.evolving

H.inclusive

I.apply

J.sustaining

K.preferredGenderisahugepartoflife.Itaffectseverything.Theworldisina(n)21stateofchange,andsoisourunderstandingofgender.Therefore,it’simportanttomakesurethewaywespeakandrefertopeoplehelpstolegitimiseandsupportthatchange.Inaccordancewiththechange,ateamatthelanguagelearningappBabbelhasdevelopedaguideongenderneutrallanguage,tohelpusincorporateitintooureverydayspeech.Unlikegenderedlanguage,genderneutrallanguagewill22toanyoneandeveryone.Butmovingtowardsgenderneutrallanguagerequiresconsciousthoughtandeffort.ThoughsomeEnglishwordsarealreadygenderneutral,whichmakesitfairlyeasytousethem,things